四川乌头属的修订

四川是我国乌头属Aconitum L.植物的重要分布区。本文对该地区的乌头属植物进行了分类修订。通过文献查阅、野外观察和标本室研究,对乌头属的形态性状在居群间和居群内的变异式样进行了比较分析,发现叶分裂程度、上萼片的形状和花梗毛被等性状是较为可靠的分种依据,但是在个别情况,这些性状也会在同一种的同一居群内或不同居群间发生变化。花瓣和种子的特征对于属下划分有重要意义。本文承认四川乌头属植物有46种11变种,另有2种和1变种暂存疑。29种和22变种降为异名;作出新组合2个,其中包括1个改级新组合。紫乌头A. delavayi Franch.和保山乌头A. nagarum Stapf为四川新分布记录。对康定乌头A. tatsienense Finet &; Gagnep.、川鄂乌头A. henryi Pritz.和狭裂乌头A. refractum (Finet &; Gagnep.) Hand.-Mazz.进行了后选模式的标定。初步澄清了东俄洛乌头A. tongolense Ulbr.和狭裂乌头等种类中长期存在的名实混乱。还给出了各个种的形态描述、地理分布以及分亚属、分系和分种检索表。     

中国乌头属药用植物比较解剖学的研究

本文对中国乌头属Aconitum三亚属53种及变种的药用植物进行了比较解剖学的研究。纳出该属植物根部组织构造的6大类型和18种亚型,找出了鉴定乌头类药材的解剖学特征。并结合植物分类学。化学分类学、细胞染色体和毒性,探讨了该属组织构造与植物系统演化之间的相关性。结果表明根部具有较进化的I型和II型构造的植物,含毒性很大的双酯型生物碱,主要存在于乌头亚属乌头组3,5-11系中;较原始的Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型及少数小根类Ⅱ型构造的植物,含毒性较小的阿替生和胺醇类生物碱,主要存在于露蕊乌头亚属和乌头亚属乌头组1—2系;更原始的V型和Ⅵ型构造的植物,含毒性更小的牛扁碱型生物碱,主要存在于牛扁亚属中。本文还从解剖学的角度对乌头属下等级的系统位置作了讨沦。     

中国毛莨科植物小志（十三）

本文发现了乌头属2新种、毛莨属1新种,铁线莲属1新种,1新变种,及1新同物异名;讨论了吴兴铁线莲的系统位置,和西南银莲花、西南毛莨、唐松草等种的地理分布现象,认为有关分布现象系由第四纪冰期影响所致。     

国产乌头属(毛茛科)的种子形态及其系统学意义

对中国毛茛科乌头属植物57种、5变种的种子形态进行了扫描电镜观察,结果发现:(1)种皮微形态特征在属内颇为稳定,种子表皮细胞多为长方形(仅露蕊乌头的种子表皮细胞为圆形或椭圆形),具有疏密不一的瘤状纹饰;(2)种子形态在亚属水平上有较大区别,特别是其中的单型亚属——露蕊乌头亚属的种子表面具有较为复杂的网状凹陷,与牛扁亚属和乌头亚属的种子(表面相当平滑)明显不同;(3)种子形态在牛扁亚属和乌头亚属中都有明显的分化,所观察的牛扁亚属的种子可分为两个类型,乌头亚属的种子可分为4个类型.根据上述结果,讨论了乌头属种子形态的分类和系统学价值.     

中国乌头属属下等级数量分类的初步研究

本文取中国乌头属50种(含变种)植物,选取形态学性状46个、化学性状8个、组织学性状5个、生态学性状1个,运用数量分类方法,对该属进行属下等级的分类研究。根据数学分析结果,确定了树系图中变种、种、系、亚属的分级界线,并在聚类分析的基础上,进一步探讨了各等级类群的划分。     

云南乌头属牛扁亚属的核形态研究

对云南乌头属牛扁亚属３种、１变种共９个居群的核形态进行了研究。其中弯短距乌头、粗花乌头和滇川乌头的染色体数目和核型为首次报道。所有种类的静止核和前期染色体形态基本相似,分别属于复杂中央染色微粒型和中国型;分裂中期染色体数目为２ｎ＝４ｘ＝３２,染色体类型通常为ｓｍ或ｍ,ｓｔ染色体少见,染色体从大到小逐渐过渡,核型的二型性不明显。结合有关资料,重点指出了乌头属不但在亚属之间,而且在牛扁亚属内也存在着较     

中国毛茛科植物小志(十五)

在本文中澄清了一些错误鉴定;一些学名证实不能成立,成为异名;对偏翅唐松草的种下分类 群做出修订,并给出新的区别特征;做出锐棱铁线莲系的分种检索表;对渐尖铁线莲群各种的亲缘关 系进行了初步讨论;描述了1新系,3新种,3新变种,2新变型;做出1新组合,4新等级,并拟出1新名;报道了拳距瓜叶乌头、星果草和直梗高山唐松草的国外分布。     

瓜叶乌头一新变种

本变种与瓜叶乌头的区别是:茎疏被贴伏的短柔毛;小苞片密被贴伏的短柔毛;萼片白色,有淡紫色脉纹,上萼片高1.4—1.7cm,下缘长1.4—1.5cm,瓣片长6—8mm,唇长3—4mm。 本变种的块根在安县、北川县、什邡县大量收购,作中药草乌使用。     

膝瓣乌头的一个新变种

长距膝瓣乌头 新变种Aconitum geniculatum Fletch. et Lauener var. longicalcaratum M. Li, var. nov.A var. geniculato differt sepalo supero humiliore, petalorum calcaribus longioribus circ.     

辽宁地区产6种乌头(Aconitum)的细胞分类学研究

对我国辽宁地区毛莨科(Ranunculaceae)乌头属(Aconitum) 6个种的染色体的数目和形态进行了研究,并进行了核型分析。其染色体基数为X=8,核型公式为:两色乌头:2n=2x=2m+10sm+4st;蛇岛乌头为:2n=4x=10m+20sm(SAT)+2st+2B;黄花乌头为:2n=4x=4m+12sm(SAT)+8st+1B;北乌头三倍体为:2n=3x=2M+4m+18sm;北乌头4倍体为2n=4x=4m+28sm。同时,对乌头属下某些种的分类学问题进行了探讨。     

Taxonomic notes on some species of Aconitum L. (Ranunculaceae) from Yunnan,China

In this paper, some species of Aconitum L. (Ranunculaceae) from Yunnan are taxonomically revised. Twenty-seven species, twenty-three varieties and three forms are reduced to synonyms; the specific status of A. fengii is restored, and one variety, A. fengiivar. crispulum Q. E. Yang is described as new.     

云南叉蕨属(Tectaria Cav.)的增补与订正

叉蕨属是蕨类植物的大属之一,全世界约150种,分布于世界热带及亚热带地区。据记载,中国 有27种、2变种,分布在长江以南,仅有2种北达长江以北四川境内,而大部分种类集中分布在云南。近 来,笔者主要对保存在中国科学院昆明植物研究所标本室的标本进行了清理,也参考了中国科学院植物 研究所标本馆的标本,这些标本不少是近年来所采集,其中,发现1新种并有1种和1变种为中国新记 录,1种为云南新记录,1种为贵州新记录,有4个种名是新异名,即Tectaria cosimilis Ching et C．H．Wang, T．decurrenti-calata Ching et C．H．Wang,T．fengii Ching et C. H．Wang,T．Simaoensis Ching et C.H．Wang。至此,所知云南产叉蕨属有22种、2变种。     

Taxonomic revision of and supplement to the Tectaria Cav. (Aspidiaceae) from Yunnan,China

Tectaria Cav. is a large fern genus of ca. 150 species distributed in the tropic and subtropic regions of the world, of which 27 species and two varieties occur in China. These species are mostly distributed in the southern part to the Yangtze River, mainly concentrated in Yunnan, only two species spreading northwards to Sichuan located in the northern part to the Yangtze River. Based on examination of specimens deposited in KUN and PE, many of which are recent collections, a new species is described, one species and one variety are recognized as new records for China, one species as new record for Yunnan, one species as new record for Guizhou, and four specific names, i. e., T. cosimilis Ching et C. H. Wang, T. decurrenti-alata Ching et C. H. Wang, T. fengii Ching et C. H. Wang, T. simaoensis Ching et C. H. Wang are reduced to synonymies. As a re-suit, 22 species and two varieties are recognized in the genus Tectaria from Yunnan.     

The monotypic genus Cyphotheca (Melastomataceae)

Cyphotheca (Sonerileae s.l.), known only from China (Yunnan), is accepted as a monotypic genus most closely related to Phyllagalhis . The new name P. fengii C . Hansen is proposed for C. hispida , because the epithet hispida is not available in the genus Phyllagathis .     

The taxonomy and distribution of Azolla species in southern Africa

The three Azolla species which occur in southern Africa, A. pinnata var. pinnata, A. nilotica and A. filiculoides are identified and their distributions illustrated. The endosymbiotic cyanobacterium Anabaena azollae occurred in dorsal leaf lobe cavities of all three species. The first two species are indigenous to southern Africa, whilst the third, A. filiculoides , is an introduced species from North America. Possible means whereby this species could have been introduced are discussed.     

On the Chinese species of the genus Intestinarius Kurbatov (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae)

A total of three Chinese species of the genus Intestinarius Kurbatov, 2007 are recognized, among which, two new species are described: Intestinarius guangdongensissp. n. from Guangdongand Intestinarius longicepssp. n. from Guizhou. Illustrations of major diagnostic characters are given for all three Chinese species including Intestinarius kuzmini Kurbatov, 2007. A key is included to aid in their identification.     

Allozymic variation and divergence in three species of Antirrhinum L. (Scrophulariaceae-Antirrhineae)

An allozymic study of three wild species of Antirrhinum L. A. lopesiamum Rothm., A. mollissimum Roihni. and A. microphyllum Rothm. is described. All are members of subsection Kickiella Rothm., and are narrow-range endemics of the Iberian Peninsula. The variability of the different loci, as well as the number and mobility of the alleles, differ among the three species, a demonstration of the usefulness of allozymes for the systematics of the genus. The finding of alleles unique to each species indicates high divergence among species suggesting ancient diversification, and supports the hypothesis of a geographical model of speciation. All three species show high levels of within-species variability, mainly partitioned within populations, while between populations genetic differentiation is low. Correlations between population size, sample size and genetic variability, and the usefulness of allozymic data for conservation purposes, are discussed.     

中国阿缨小蜂属分类研究（膜翅目：缨小蜂科）

本文简述了缨小蜂科阿缨小蜂属Acmopolynema的分类现状和已知寄主情况,描述了中国阿缨小蜂属5个种,其中3个新种.喜马阿缨小蜂A. himalum Hayat & Binte 和东方阿缨小蜂A. orientale (Narayanan, Subba Rao & Kaur) 为中国分布新记录,同时提供了中国阿缨小蜂属已知5个种的分类检索表,并附主要形态特征图.所有标本保存在福建农林大学生物防治研究所.1. 长基阿缨小蜂Acmopolynema longicoxilla, 新种 (图1～4)本新种与2双暗带阿缨小蜂A. bifasciatipenne (Girault) 相似,但前翅最长缘毛小于翅宽的一半、后足跗节小于胫节等特征可与后者相区别.正模 ♀, 福建将乐,1991-Ⅹ-10,林乃铨.2. 网基阿缨小蜂Acmopolynema reticoxilla, 新种 (图5～10)本新种与本属其它种较易区分,特征如下 前胸背板完整,不分裂;前翅无暗带;后足基节网状,侧缘具刚毛.正模 ♂,福建将乐,1991-Ⅹ-10,林乃铨.3. 弯尾阿缨小蜂Acmopolynema campylura, 新种 (图15～20)本新种与东方阿缨小蜂Acmopolynema orientale (Narayanan, Subba Rao & Kaur) 相似,但本种前胸背板完整、前翅仅中间一暗带上翅毛特化、并胸腹节上脊的形状以及后足基节上的毛列等特征可与后者相区别.正模 ♀, 福建福州, 1987-Ⅸ-21,林乃铨.     

用分支分析方法研究中华猕猴桃与美味猕猴桃的亲缘关系

本文根据形态特征和染色体资料,以毛花猕猴桃为外类群,用分支分析法研究美味猕猴桃与中华猕猴桃(含二倍体和四倍体)的亲缘关系,产生了三个步长相等的Wagner树。其中一树能较好地与现有地理分布和细胞学资料吻合。反映出中华猕猴桃二倍体衍生出四倍体类型,二者具有直接祖裔关系:美味猕猴桃与中华猕猴桃是已分支发展的两个分类群,但二者亲缘关系密切。可能属于同一物种复合体的两个近缘物种。