齿蟾属的系统学研究进展

齿蟾属(Oreolalax)为中国特有属,主要分布在我国西南地区。本文对该属的系统学研究进行了综述,包括属的建立与物种组成、地理分布特征、细胞分类学、系统发育研究历史,以及尚需研究或进一步研究的问题。     

Bioactivity of the compounds in genus Dysoxylum

The genus Dysoxylum is a large genus comprising of about a dozen species, distributed in India. This is the genus which is rich in compounds like terpenoids and alkaloids. The isolated compounds from the genus were reported to have interesting biological activities. This review contains the chemical structures, along with their biological activities reported in the literature.     

About the fauna of the cestode family Hymenolepididae from ducks of Chukotka: on the validity of the genus Echinatrium

Four species of the genus Echinatrium Spassky et Jurpalova, 1965 are redescribed. The material was collected from ducks of the Chaunskaya lowland (Chukotka). Morphological study of genital apparatus in cestode species found was carried out. According to the priority rule, it is suggested that the genus Monosaccanthes Czaplinski, 1967 is a junior synonym of the genus Echinatrium.     

The phylogenetic relationship within the genus Carcharhinus

The phylogenetic relationships of elasmobranchs, especially sharks, are unclear. All previously made research and hypotheses indicate that there are still unsolved relationships within and between the class Chondrichthyes. To find out the relationship and sister group of this genus, the ribosomal ITS1-2 regions sequence has been chosen to differentiate the genus Carcharhinus from the blue shark (genus Prionace) and from some other genus species as an outgroup. The results show that the blue shark is a member of the genus Carcharhinus, suggesting that maybe the blue shark belongs also to the genus Carcharhinus instead of Prionace, or that there is a misclassification, Prionace being not a separate genus.     

Studies in the seed morphology of the family Tamaricaceae from Pakistan

Seeds of 33 laxa belonging to the family Tamaricaceae from Pakistan were studied by SEM. Two types of coma, columnar and ecolumnar, are recognized in the genus Tamarix. The colour of the hairs and the size of seeds are taxonomically important in the genus Reaumuria and the pattern of ridges is diagnostic in the genus Myricaria. A new terminology elucidating various parts of the seeds is proposed.     

A review of the Banchus-group of ichneumon-flies, with a revision of the Australian genus Philogalleria (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

ABSTRACT. The composition and relationships of the Banchus genus-group are discussed. A key to the genera is provided and for each genus a diagnosis and notes are given. A new genus and species are described. The genus Philogalleria Cameron is revised: six species (five of them new) are recognized, described and keyed. Rhynchobanchus is newly recorded from Britain and a key is given to its European species.     

Diagnosis and relationships of the myrmicine ant genus Ishakidris gen.n. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Abstract. The ant genus lshakidris from Sarawak is described as new. Its relationships with the Brasilian monotypic genus Phalacromyrmex Kempf and the Malagasy monotypic genus Pilotrochus Brown are discussed, and the Phalacromyrmex genus-group is established to hold the three genera. The resemblances of lshakidris to the smithistrumiform dacetine genus Glamymmyrmex Wheeler and the agroecomyrmecine genus Tatuidris Brown & Kempf are discussed and the similarities are analysed as the results of convergence in the characters concerned.     

穿孔线虫属分类研究进展(综述)

穿孔线虫属Radopholus是一类多寄主寄生的危险性植物线虫,其中以世界性危害的相似穿孔线虫R. similis为典型代表。但穿孔线虫属的分类学研究迄今仍不完善,形态描述粗糙,分子序列匮乏。本文列出穿孔线虫属的最新种类名录,归纳了27种穿孔线虫（双卵巢类型）的主要形态分类特征,并综述该属分子亲缘进化关系研究进展,为穿孔线虫属的分类和相似穿孔线虫的准确鉴定提供形态学基础和技术支持,同时也为该属线虫分类学的研究方向提出建议。     

Taxonomic importance of the prefemoral process of the first pair of legs in males of the genus Pseudonannolene (Diplopoda,Spirostreptida)

The first pair of legs in males of some groups of diplopods is modified, having a large coxa and oral projecting prefemoral process; in the family Spirostreptidae (Spirostreptida) this structure has relevance on the genus level. This paper discusses the shape, presence, and absence of the prefemoral process in the genus Pseudonannolene (Pseudonannolenidae, Spirostreptida) and suggests that this structure is an important taxonomic character in this genus and can be used for distinguishing some species.     

Taxonomic position of the genus Mycococcus

An attempt to elucidate the taxonomic position of the genera Mycococcus has been made. For this purpose the full range of the taxonomically important properties were investigated among microbial cultures preliminary identified as Mycococci. As a result of comparison Mycococcus with Micrococcus the taxonomic status of the genus Mycococcus was no longer confirmed. On the grounds of the published data and the author's experimental results it was concluded that genus Micrococcus was closely related to genus Arthrobacter. The possibility to place the genus Micrococcus within the group of coryneform bacteria is being discussed.     

Revision of the genus Chalcasthenes Arrow (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Oryctoderini) from the Solomon Islands

The genus Chalcasthenes Arrow (Dynastinae: Oryctoderini), a scarab beetle genus endemic to the Solomon Islands, is reviewed. Based on examination of type specimens, the genus Strehlia Frey (Rutelinae: Rutelini: Parastasiina) is a new junior synonym of Chalcasthenes . The historical classification of these genera (either in the subfamily Dynastinae or Rutelinae) and character-based criteria for assigning the taxa to the Dynastinae are provided. We discuss character states that support the monophyly of members of the genus Chalcasthenes, comment on the distribution and biogeography of species in the genus and provide a key to species. The genus includes four species: Chalcasthenes divinus Endrödi, Chalcasthenes pulcher Arrow, Chalcasthenes squamigerus Frey new combination and Chalcasthenes styracoceros Jameson and Ratcliffe n. sp. Species hypotheses are corroborated based on evidence from Pleistocene geological reconstructions of the Solomon Islands, geographic variation of bird species in the region and development in scarab beetles.     

Phylogeny of the avian genus Pitohui and the evolution of toxicity in birds

Bird species in the avian genus Pitohui contain potent neurotoxic alkaloids that may be used for defense. The genus comprises multiple species that are endemic to New Guinea and were presumed to belong to the family Pachycephalidae or Colluricinclidae, within the core corvoidea, an ancient Australasian radiation of crow-like birds. In order to understand the evolution of toxicity within the genus Pitohui, we sequenced three mitochondrial and two nuclear gene segments and reconstructed a phylogeny of the genus Pitohui and its putative relatives. We show that the genus Pitohui is polyphyletic, and consists of five different lineages. Using Bayesian ancestral state reconstruction, we estimate that toxicity likely evolved multiple times within this group. Furthermore, because the morphological and behavioral similarity among these poisonous birds appears to have evolved convergently, we hypothesize that this may be a possible example of Müllerian mimicry in birds. The Morningbird of Palau, Micronesia, that has often been included in the genus Pitohui, actually belongs in the genus Pachycephala and offers an intriguing case of pronounced evolution on a remote oceanic island.     

A revision of the genus Labidochromis (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Malawi

The diagnosis of the genus Labidochromis is revised to include species with bicuspid outer teeth. Sixteen species, of which 13 are new, are described and illustrated and the validity of five others is discussed. The interrelationships between members of the genus and the relationship of the genus to other genera are discussed. No clearly defined sister group to the genus has been found either within or outside the Lake Malawi cichlid species flock. A key based on the coloration of known species is included.     

Description of Oculogryphus shuensis sp. n. (Coleoptera,Lampyridae), the first species of the genus in the Sino-Japanese realm,with a modified key to the subfamily Ototretinae

A new species of the lampyrid genus Oculogryphus Jeng, Engel, and Yang, O. shuensis sp. n. from China (Sichuan Province) is described and figured. The genus previously was known only from Vietnam, and the new species is the first representative of the genus in the Sino-Japanese zoogeographic realm. Some morphological variations of Oculogryphus and the allied genus Stenocladius are discussed and a modification to the most recent key to ototretine genera is proposed to accommodate Oculogryphus.     

A revision of the genus Trabaea Simon (Araneae: Lycosidae)

The genus Trabaea Simon is revised. Nine species are included in the genus of which two are described as new. Trabaeosa straeleni Roewer is newly synonymised with Trabaea purcelli Roewer. A key to the species of Trabaea is provided and the relationships of the genus are discussed.     

A new Synersaga species from Cambodia (Lepidoptera, Lecithoceridae), with a world catalogue of the genus

A new species of the genus Synersaga Gozmány, Synersaga mondulkiriensissp. n., is described from Cambodia. The genus is diagnosed, and a global catalogue for the genus is provided.     

Comparative Anatomy of the Secondary Phloem of the Stem in Cephalotaxus

The family Cephalotaxaceae contains only one genus, Cephalotaxus, with 9 species and some varieties, mostly endemic to China. The present paper deals with the comparative anatomy of secondary phloem of stems in 4 species and I cultivar, of this genus under light microscope and scanning electron microscope. The main results are as follows: (1) The structure of secondary phloem is rather uniform in the various species of this genus. In cross section, sieve cells, phloem parenchyma cells form continuous tangential rows of one cell in width respectively, which occur alternately. Sclerenchyma cells also form continuous tangential rows, each with a radial width of 1-4 cells. The interval between the rows is rather wide. (2) The type of phloem fiber and the quantity of sclereids can be served as the characters for identification of species and the evidence for the separation of two sections of Cephalotaxus, namely: Cephalotaxus and Pectinatae. (3) The secondary phloem of this genus contains more or less crystalliferous parenchyma cells, in the inner tangential walls of which calcium oxalate crystals are embedded. So far this character has not been reported in the other families and the genera of conifers. Our conclusion, therefore, agrees with the opinion that Cephalotaxaceae is a natural taxon and includes only one genus, Cephalotaxus.