Distribution of HCV genotypes and HCV RNA viral load in hepatitis infected patients of Kolar region,Karnataka, India

Decisions and disease progression prediction, understanding the distribution of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype and its association with viral load is significant for treatment. Therefore, it is of interest to document the distribution pattern of HCV genotypes and their association with viral load among HCV infected patients in Kolar, Karnataka. Seventy-four HCV-positive patients and not on antiviral therapy were enrolled from R.L. Jalappa hospital in Kolar, Karnataka. Blood samples were taken and demographics were recorded. HCV RNA was isolated after plasma was separated. qPCR was performed to measure the viral load, and RT-PCR was performed to determine the genotype. Genotype 3 was the prevalent (n=11, 40.7%) followed by genotype 4 (n=8, 29.6%), 2 (n=6, 22.2%), 1 (n= 13.7%), and mix (n=1, 13.7%). The median viral load of genotype 3 was a 2,87,835 IU/mL (IQR 10, 780-3, 71, 66) , genotype 2 was 81,030 IU/mL (IQR 66,495-95,565), genotype 4 was 43, 410 IU/mL (IQR 38, 355-48, 465) belongs to viral load less than 8,00,000 IU/mL. The median viral load genotype 3 was a 1, 05, 19, 500 IU/mL (IQR 49, 37, 250-2, 36, 71, 500), genotype 2 was 2,55,99,000 IU/mL (IQR 2,00,10,000-32,725,500), genotype 4 was 1,67,40,000 IU/mL (IQR 1,45,50,000-17,493,000) belonging to viral load more than 8,00,000 IU/mL category. A correlation between genotype and viral load was observed (p =1.5x10-12), of which genotype 3 showed a high viral load. Thus, HCV genotypes 1 2, 3, 4, and mixed genotype was observed in the patients studied. HCV genotype was associated with viral load in patient plasma. This data finds use in the treatment and prevention of hepatitis C in Kolar, Karnataka.     

ELISA in serodiagnosis of HCV infection

Abstract: A high level of anti-HCV is generally associated with viral replication and the number of recognized epitopes appears to be correlated with the viral charge. Nevertheless, the absence of detectable antibodies in about 60% of patients during the acute phase of the disease adn in 10% of chronically infected (generally immunocompromised subjects) are heavy handicaps for HCV serology. Moreover, low levels of anti-HCV antibodies can persist after complete recovery, and HCV viremia does not appear to be associated with the presence of a special antibody specificity. The immunoblots presented as 'confirmatory test' always appear to be less sensitive that the screening tests adn therefore are unable to discriminate between post-infection antibodies and false-positive reactions, as rare as they can be. In these cases, as in non-responder patients, PCR appears essential. The possible reasons of immune response limitations and the possible improvements of HCV serology are discussed.     

HCV全长NS3基因表达及在抗体检测中的应用

丙型肝炎病毒 (ＨＣＶ)是引起非甲非乙型肝炎的主要病原因子。被ＨＣＶ感染的病例中 ,超过 5 0 %以上会引起持续性感染、慢性肝炎 ,最终可能引起肝硬化和肝细胞癌[1] 。ＨＣＶ严重威胁人类健康 ,但目前对丙肝患者尚缺乏有效的治疗手段 ,因此 ,严格把好血源关 ,提高对丙肝患者检出的灵敏度 ,是阻止丙肝血源传播的有效手段。丙型肝炎病毒基因组为单股正链ＲＮＡ ,核苷酸长约 9.5ｋｂ ,仅含一个开放阅读框 ,翻译成一个大的聚蛋白前体 ,由宿主细胞信号肽酶和病毒蛋白酶加工成多个成熟蛋白。其中非结构蛋白ＮＳ3分子量为 70ｋＤ ,有丝氨酸蛋白酶…     

丙型肝炎病毒核壳蛋白抗原的化学合成及其在血清学诊断中的应用

选取丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)核壳蛋白区两个可能含有优势抗原表位的19和16氨基酸的肽殴(C-19肽和C-16肽),利用固相多肽合成技术进行了化学合成。经用反相高压液相层析(HPLC)及脉冲液相多肽测序技术检定合成肽产品的纯度及序列后,以C-19和C-16肽作为包被抗原组装成检测HCV血清抗体的ELISA诊断试剂。用所组装的合成肽试剂检测中国药品生物制品检定所提供的HCV标准参比血清,并比较利用该试剂和美国Abbott实验室生产的HCV第二代EIA诊断试剂平行检测109份献血员血清的结果,表明C-19肽能够特异、重复、灵敏地检出HCV血清抗体,可以作为我国第一代HCV诊断试剂的合成肽抗原。     

丙型肝炎病毒分片段抗体检测蛋白质芯片的制备及临床评价

为了制备丙型肝炎病毒分片段抗体检测蛋白质芯片,并对其临床应用价值进行评价,将基因工程表达的丙型肝炎病毒分片段抗原,点至经特殊处理的玻片上,制成蛋白质芯片.收集来自三家临床单位用于临床验证的905份血清标本.分别用丙肝病毒分片段抗体检测蛋白质芯片、ELISA丙肝病毒抗体检测试剂进行检测.部分样本同时采用进口RIBA抗体检测试剂进行了检测,分别比较蛋白质芯片法与ELISA法以及RIBA试剂的符合率.结果表明：a.905份血清标本,ELISA法检出阳性294份,阴性611份.阳性标本用蛋白质芯片法检测,融合抗原292份显示阳性结果、2份阴性结果,根据蛋白质芯片的核心抗原,以及NS3, NS4,NS5分片段抗原综合判断确定阳性样本288份阳性,阴性样本2份,4份样本结果不确定.ELISA法检出的611份阴性标本用两种蛋白质芯片法检测,检出阴性均为611份.两种蛋白质芯片法与ELISA法的阳性符合率分别为99.3%和98.9%,与ELISA法的阴性符合率均为100%.用RIBA 试剂检测6份ELISA法为阳性,蛋白质芯片法为非阳性的样本,结果均为非阳性.b.290份经 RIBA试剂确认的阳性标本104份,单片段阳性标本66份,阴性标本120份,用蛋白质芯片法检测,检出阳性标本103份,单片段阳性标本61份,阴性标本126份,二者具有很高的符合率（P＞0.01）.丙型肝炎病毒分片段抗体检测蛋白质芯片,检测灵敏度和特异性高于ELISA法,对血清样本的确认程度与进口的RIBA试剂高度一致,具有操作简便,费用低廉的特点,是一种新型、高效的体外诊断试剂.     

吸毒人群中HIV/HCV核酸和抗体关系的分析

研究了高危人群中HIV/HCV核酸和抗体的关系。从新疆地区采集吸毒人群的血样,并对其进行HIV/ HCV核酸和抗体的检测。320例吸毒人员血浆样品中HCV抗体阳性为80．3％,HIV抗体阳性率为41．9％,HIV 和HCV共感染者为38．3％。HIV RNA与抗体的总符合率为98．8%,在186例HIV抗体阴性样品中可能有2例 为HIV感染的窗口期。HCV抗体和HCV RNA的阳性符合率为92．6％,HCV RNA与HCV抗体的总符合率为 90．0％,以上结果说明在HIV／HCV的高流行区进行HIV／HCV核酸检测可以发现病毒感染的窗口期,而约8% 的HCV抗体阳性样品为病毒核酸阴性,也值得进一步研究。     

我国汉坦病毒基因型和基因亚型的分布研究

为了搞清全国汉坦病毒的基因型和亚型的分布情况,广泛收集了全国各地汉坦病毒毒株、阳性病人血清和阳性鼠肺,并应用RT-PCR的方法,应用汉坦病毒型特异性引物,对这些不同来源的阳性标本中汉坦病毒型特异性M和S片段进行扩增和测序,并与其它已知病毒序列进行比较,以明确其型别和亚型及其在全国的分布情况.结果表明:我国HFRS各疫区仍然为HTNV和SEOV两型病毒,但亚型分布差异较大,其中HTNV可分为9个亚型,SEOV则有4～6个亚型.Q32株的部分M和S片段分属于H9和H2亚型,是一个基因重排病毒,而Nc167株在系统发生上与其它HTNV明显不同,比较核苷酸序列发现,其M片段与其它HTNV的同源性在71.3%～76.7%之间,S片段与其它HTNV的同源性只有52.3%～57.8%,可能是一个新型病毒.     

Seroepidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection in Japan and HCV infection in haemodialysis patients

Abstract: Since January 1990, Japanese Red Cross Blood Centres have introduced hepatitis C virus screening with a first-generation ELISA. From April to December 1992, approximately 0.98% among 10905 489 blood donations screened by a second-generation assay were anti-HCV-positive in all Japan. Seropositivity of anti-HCV increased with the age and serum transminase value in both sexes. In blood donors having a history of transfusion, the anti-HCV reactive rate was 7.4%. The results of the study made by the Japanese Red Cross Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis Research Group show the effectiveness of implementation of HCV screening to prevent posttransfusion hepatitis. Consecutive haemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure are at risk for inflection by a variety of blood-borne agents transmitted within dialysis units. Because of their immunocompromised state, they frequently also have an unusual susceptibility to a variety of nosocomial infections, such as HBV, and HTLV-I. We tested the prevalence of anti-HCV in 1423 (848 males and 575 females) haemodialiysis patients from 18 hospitals in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan using the Orhto first generation anti- HCV screening assay. There were 316 patients (22.2%) positive for HCV antibodies. The second-generation test was positive in most haemodialysis patients who were eractive to the firs-generation assay. The prevalence of HCV infection increased with the duration of haemodialysis, yet there was a high frequency of HCV seropositivity even wihtout blood transfusion. Acquisition of HCV in dialysis patients could be explained by HCV seropositivity even without blood (all haemodialysis are done with disposable kits, and needles), by secondary HCV infection after the immunodeficiency of haemodialysis, or by HCV infection of the kidney or glomerular deposition of immune HCV/anti-HCV complexes leading to chronic renal failure (as with HBV infection of the liver and kidney).     

丙型肝炎病毒核心区优势抗原表位基因的化学合成及其表达产物的抗原性分析

依据丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）多蛋白核心区Ｎ端氨基酸序列和密码子简并性,人为设计并采用半化学半酶促的方法合成了一个ＤＮＡ片段。经核酸杂交检测以及ＤＮＡ序列分析证实,该片段的核苷酸序列与设计完全一致。将合成的ＤＮＡ片段插入融合表达载体ｐＧＥＸ－２Ｔ中,表达产物经亲和层析纯化后进行Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ免疫印迹实验和间接ＥＬＩＳＡ分析,结果表明,融合蛋白具有ＨＣＶ核心区抗原的免疫反应性,可望用于ＨＣＶ抗体的检测．此外,编码ＨＣＶ优势抗原表位的化学合成基因有可能为ＨＣＶ嵌合抗原的研究提供一条捷径。     

慢性肝炎中乙型和丙型病毒混合感染的重症化研究

在慢性肝炎中,乙、丙型病毒性肝炎混合感染相当多见,可使肝炎慢性化、重症化,肝组织损伤加重,肝硬化(LC)和肝癌(HCC)发生率增加[1].本文应用血清学和分子生物学方法对196例肝病患者的血清进行检测,初步探讨了乙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis B virus,HBV)、丙型肝类病毒(Hepatitis C viruS,HCV)的复制状况以及两者间的相互作用与预后的关系.     

慢性肝炎中乙型和丙型病毒混合感染的重症化研究

在慢性肝炎中,乙、丙型病毒性肝炎混合感染相当多见,可使肝炎慢性化、重症化,肝组织损伤加重,肝硬化(LC)和肝癌(HCC)发生率增加[1]。本文应用血清学和分子生物学方法对196例肝病患者的血清进行检测,初步探讨了乙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis B virus,HBV)、丙型肝类病毒(Hepatitis C virus,HCV)的复制状况以及两者间的相互作用与预后的关系。1材料和方法1.1病例受检的196例病例均为2004年1月至2005年7月我院住院及门诊病人,男149例,女47例,年龄15~82岁,其中慢性肝炎(CH)患者139例,肝硬化(LC)患者42例,肝癌(HCC)患者15例。所有病例诊断符合…     

HCV NS5A基因表达及其在血清学检测中的应用评估

人丙型肝炎病毒 (ＨＣＶ)感染可引起丙型肝炎、肝硬化和肝细胞癌[1] 。丙型肝炎病毒是单股正链ＲＮＡ病毒 ,基因组约长 9.5ｋｂ ,仅有一个开放阅读框 ,编码一个大的聚蛋白前体 ,由宿主蛋白酶和病毒编码的蛋白酶加工成多个成熟蛋白。非结构蛋白ＮＳ5Ａ分子量为 56ｋＤ/ 58ｋＤ。目前对ＮＳ5Ａ蛋白的功能尚不清楚 ,ＮＳ5Ａ蛋白可降低干扰素治疗效果[2 ] ;ＮＳ5Ａ蛋白含核定位序列 ,因此人们推测它在ＨＣＶＲＮＡ复制过程中可能起一定的作用[3～ 4 ] 。本研究在大肠杆菌中表达全长ＮＳ5Ａ蛋白 ,提纯后ＮＳ5Ａ蛋白能与大多数丙肝阳性血清起强烈…     

HCV复制子与细胞培养体系研究进展

丙型肝炎是由丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)感染所导致的传染性肝病,呈现世界性流行态势,严重危害人类健康。由于病毒自身高度突变,以及广泛高效的细胞培养体系和合适的小动物模型缺乏,目前尚无可有效预防的疫苗。自1989年丙型肝炎病毒基因组首次被确定以来,Con1(1b)亚基因组复制子和JFH1(2a)毒株细胞培养体系相继建立。以此为工具,HCV生活周期多个关键环节得以阐明。近年来,研究者在Con1亚基因组复制子、JFH1和J6/JFH1细胞培养体系的基础上,构建出多个基因型和亚型的复制子和细胞培养体系。不同的体系在HCV复制与致病机制研究、抗病毒药物筛选方面,具有不同的用途及优缺点。针对HCV复制子与细胞培养体系的研究进展进行综述,可为HCV的相关研究提供参考。     

中国丙型肝炎病毒基因型研究新进展

为了进一步了解中国丙型肝炎病毒基因型感染状态 ,我们建立了 5′ ＮＣＲＡＢＣ程序酶切分型法 :首先采用ＲＴＰＣＲ技术 5′ ＮＣＲ扩增ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性样品中的ｃＤＮＡ ,然后按照ＡＢＣ程序进行分型 ,Ａ应用ＢＨＨ(ＢｓｒＢⅠ ,ＨａｅⅡ ,ＨｉｎｆⅠ )复合内切酶消化 5′ ＮＣＲｃＤＮＡ ,Ｂ应用ＢｓｔＵⅠ消化 ,Ｃ应用ＨａｅⅢ消化 ,电泳检测片段大小。应用该方法对临床采集的ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性血清进行分型 ,在国内首次发...     

C3/Ig and Ig/C3 two-component-determined circulating immune complexes (TCIC) in patients with HCV infection

In the present study, we measured the levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)- and complement 3 (C3)-determined circulating immune complexes (two-component-determined CIC, or TCIC) in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients. TCIC was dissected into C3/Ig-TCIC and Ig/C3-TCIC by a reciprocal use of coating and detecting antibodies. The current study was carried out in 117 infected HCV patients and 252 healthy controls. We found that C3/Ig-TCIC elevation was a common feature in patients with HCV infection. Positive rates and levels of C3/IgG-TCIC and C3/IgM-TCIC were significantly higher in the patients with abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) than patients with normal ALT (70.6% vs. 17.0%, 0.56 OD vs. 0.47 OD and 0.71 OD vs. 0.65 OD, respectively, P<0.001). However, the levels of IgM/C3-TCIC and IgA/C3-TCIC were significantly higher in individuals with HCV infection than in healthy controls, whereas the level of IgG/C3-TCIC was significantly lower in the former group than in the latter group. In summary, our results suggest that IgG and C3 TCIC may play an important role in liver cell injury during the course of HCV infection and may be a hallmark for hepatitis C pathogenesis. Elevated C3/Ig-TCIC, accompanied by decreased Ig/C3-TCIC, forms a peculiar trait in HCV infection. Our findings thus provide new insights into HCV pathogenesis.     

戊肝与丙肝病毒在献血员人群中感染状况的对比研究

采用市售试剂对武汉地区乡村献血员进行血清抗ＨＥＶ与抗ＨＣＶ检测,两者的阳性率分别为５．７４％及９．３５％。在２８８份有ＡＬＴ记录的单采浆献血员中,有近期ＡＬＴ升高史的献浆者抗ＨＥＶ及抗ＨＣＶ检出率分别为１４．０４％及１４．１８％,均显著高于无近期ＡＬＴ升高史的献浆者。对上述标本同时进行多项血清ＨＢＶ标志检测,抗ＨＥＶ阳性及抗ＨＣＶ阳性组献血员多项ＨＢＶ标志检测结果与相应阴性组比较均未见显著的差别。     

丙型肝炎病毒抗体化学发光免疫检测方法的建立及其临床应用简

目的：建立丙型肝炎病毒（rmv）抗体化学发光免疫检测方法,并分析其临床应用价值。方法：应用基因工程重组的HCV抗原包被微孔板,以辣根过氧化物酶标记的羊抗人IgG为二抗,并结合鲁米诺化学发光底物系统,建立HCV抗体化学发光免疫检测方法;应用HCV抗体诊断试剂国家参考品分析所建立方法的特异性、灵敏度、稳定性和精密性,并-9北京万泰公司的ELISA试剂盒同时检测临床血清样本350份,比较检测结果。结果：检测结果符合国家参考品质量标准。批内变异系数5．1％。6．6％,批间变异系数9-5％;试剂盒置37℃考核3d,其稳定性良好;与万泰公司的ELISA检测结果对照,阳性符合率分别为99．0％,阴性符合率分别为100％,总符合率为99．4％;Kappa值为0．986,一致性强度最强。结论：建立了特异、敏感和稳定的HCV抗体化学发光免疫检测方法,适用于HCV感染的批量筛查,具有较大的临床应用价值。     

戊型肝炎病毒基因1型和基因4型中和表位区域分子差异研究

戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)根据易感宿主的差别可以分为两大类:一类只分离自人的H(Human)类,包括HEV-1和HEV-2;一类为人畜共患的Z(Zoonosis)类,包括HEV-3和HEV-4。本研究通过比较这两类HEV的ORF2aa368~606区段,发现存在4个类保守的差异位点,均位于HEV的主要中和表位区域aa459~606,分别是aa483、aa492、aa497和aa599;对这四个位点进行定点替换突变,以一组能够捕获HEV-1和/或HEV-4的单克隆抗体比较各种突变体的免疫反应性,结果表明仅aa497的差异造成了这两类HEV中和表位构象的部分差异,提示aa497及其相关的病毒表面结构差异在H类和Z类HEV宿主选择中可能扮演重要角色。     

HCV全长基因真核表达载体的构建及其细胞内表达

本实验成功构建了HCV全长基因的真核表达载体pCI-HCVFL,转染HepG2细胞后经免疫荧光和免疫组化法分别检测到结构基因区(C)和非结构基因区(NS3)病毒蛋白的表达,该载体可用于建立HCV转基因细胞模型以及进一步开展有关HCV复制与表达的深入研究。