一个农户庭院经济的效益及其能流分析

一个农户庭院经济的效益及其能流分析方达福（湖北省阳新县农业环境保护站４３５２００）ＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｔｈｅＥｃｏｎｏｍｉｃＢｅｎｅｆｉｔｓａｎｄＥｎｅｒｇｙＣｙｃｌｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｎｄＥｃｏｎｏｍｉｃＹａｒｄｉｎａＦａｒｍｅｒ...     

果茶人工群落的生态效应及经济效益评价

果茶人工群落的生态效应及经济效益评价魏国雄（贵州省茶叶研究所，潭５６４１００）ＥｓｔｉｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＥｆｆｅｃｔａｎｄＥｃｏｎｏｍｉｃＢｅｎｅｆｉｔｏｆＡｒｔｉｆｉｃｉａｌＴｅａ－ＦｒｕｉｔＣｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ．￥ＷｅｉＧｕｏｘｉ...     

生物技术文献与专利统计(1999年度)

类别文献(篇数)专利(件数)ＡＧＥＮＥＴＩＣＥＮＧＩＮＥＥＲＩＮＧＡＮＤＦＥＲＭＥＮＴＡＴＩＯＮＡ1ＮｕｃｌｅｉｃＡｃｉｄＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ20574151Ａ2Ｆｅｒｍｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎ1326498ＢＥＮＧＩＮＥＥＲＩＮＧＢ1ＢｉｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ432131ＣＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＣ1ＳｅｎｓｏｒｓａｎｄＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓ11293ＤＰＨＡＲＭＡＣＥＵＴＩＣＡＬＳＤ1....     

我国北方地区裸胞壳属(Emericela)的种

对１４０２份来自于东北、华北及西北地区的土样进行裸胞壳属（Ｅｍｅｒｉｃｅｌａ）菌的分离。结合菌落形态及扫描电镜下子囊孢子的形态将各菌鉴定到种。结果表明我国北方地区分布有８个种,１个变种,分别是无冠裸胞壳（Ｅｍｅｒｉｃｅｌａａｃｒｉｓｔａｔａ）、皱折裸胞壳（４Ｅｍｅｒｉｃｅｌａｃｏｒｒｕｇａｔａ）、茴香裸胞壳（Ｅｍｅｒｉｃｅｌａｆｏｅｎｉｃｕｌｉｃｏｌａ）、宫治裸胞壳（Ｅｍｅｒｉｃｅｌａｍｉｙａｊｉ）、构巢裸胞壳（Ｅｍｅｒｉｃｅｌａｎｉｄｕｌａｎｓｖａｒ．ｎｉｄｕｌａｎｓ）、构巢裸胞壳宽脊变种（Ｅｍｅｒｉｃｅｌａｎｉｄｕｌａｎｓｖａｒ．ｌａｔａ）、四脊裸胞壳（Ｅｍｅｒｉｃｅｌａｑｕａｄｒｉｌｉｎｅａｔａ）、褶皱裸胞壳（Ｅｍｅｒｉｃｅｌａｒｕｇｕｌｏｓａ）及波状裸胞壳（Ｅｍｅｒｉｃｅｌａｕｎｄｕｌａｔａ）。除银川地区以Ｅｍｅｒｉｃｅｌａａｃｒｉｓｔａｔａ为优势菌外,各地区以Ｅｍｅｒｉｃｅｌａｎｉｄｕｌａｎｓ最为常见。文中对常见菌种进行了简要的概述,对在我国较少见的种进行了详细的描述和讨论     

探索生态建设路子促进经济社会发展

探索生态建设路子促进经济社会发展陆琪黄远昌（江苏省大丰市人民政府研究室,２２４１００）ＥｘｐｌｏｒｅｔｈｅＷａｙｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＣｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ,ＰｒｏｍｏｔｅＳｏｃｉａｌａｎｄＥｃｏｎｏｍｉｃＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ．ＬｕＱｉ,Ｈｕａ...     

峨眉山艾纳香属一新种

峨眉山艾纳香属一新种祝正银（四川省中药学校,四川峨眉山６１４２０１）ＡＮＥＷＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＯＦＢＬＵＭＥＡＦＲＯＭＥＭＥＩＳＨＡＮＺｈｕＺｈｅｎｇｙｉｎ（ＳｉｃｈｕａｎｇｃｈｏｌｏｆＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＭａｔｅｒｉａＭｅｄｉｃａ,Ｅｍｅｉｓｈａｎ,Ｓｉｃｈ...     

中国宽距叶蜂属分类研究(膜翅目:蔺叶蜂科)

系统厘订了中国宽距叶蜂属种类,共记述１１种,包括８新种,移刃宽距叶蜂Ｅｕｒｈａｄｉｎｏｃｅｒａｅａ ｆｌｅｃｔｏｓｅｒｒｕｌａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．长角宽距吉蜂Ｅｕｒｈａｄｉｎｏｃｅｒａｅａ ｌｏｎｇｉｃｏｒｎｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,吕氏宽距叶蜂Ｅｕｒｈａｄｉｎｏｃｅｒａｅａ ｌｕｉ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．黑足宽距叶蜂Ｅｕｒｈａｄｉｎｏｃｅｒａｅａ ｐｕｎｃｔａｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．青海宽距叶蜂Ｅｕｒａｄｉｎｏｃｅ     

植物细胞质膜氧化还原系统

植物细胞质膜氧化还原系统陈珈（北京农业大学生物学院。北京１０００９４）ＲＥＤＯＸＳＹＳＴＥＭＩＮＴＨＥＰＬＡＳＭＡＭＥＭＢＲＡＮＥＯＦＰＬＡＮＴＣＥＬＬ￥ＣｈｅｎＪｉａ（ＣｏｌｌｅｇｅｏｆＢｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａ！Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ,ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＡｇｒｉｃ...     

低丘红壤地区几种农林复合系统的生态经济效益

低丘红壤地区几种农林复合系统的生态经济效益傅庆林,罗永进（浙江省农科院土壤肥料研究所,杭州３１００２１）柴锡周（浙江省林业科学研究所,杭州３１００２３）ＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＥｆｆｅｃｔｓａｎｄＥｃｏｎｏｍｉｃＢｅｎｃｆｉｔｏｆｔｈｅＣｏｍｐｌｅｘＡｇ...     

五加属学名考证及其一些新组合

本文考证了五加属学名,支持废弃不合法名称ＡｃａｎｔｈｏｐａｎａｘＭｉｑ．,强调应用合法名称ＥｌｅｕｔｈｅｒｏｃｏｃｃｕｓＭａｘｉｍ,在此基础上,将Ａｃａｎｔｌｈｏｐａｎａｘ属名下２种及１变种并入Ｅｌｅｕｔｈｅｒｏｃｏｃｃｕｓ属名,并对Ｅｌｅｕｔｈｅｒｏｃｏｃｃｕｓ属的４个异名作了订正。     

Cellular and nuclear volume of human cells during the cell cycle

Summary The volumes of whole cells and nuclei of cultured human cells were studied at different times after synchronization of growth using the Coulter counter and scanning microphotometry. It was found that the increase in cell volume is compatible with both linear or exponential growth during the cell cycle. The growth of the nuclear volume is not correlated with the beginning of the DNA synthesis. The nuclear volume starts to increase already 6 h prior DNA synthesis. The data also indicate that the nuclear volume growth could proceed in two stages. The relation of this result to radiation sensitivity is discussed.This research was carried out under contract no. 215-76-10-BIO-D, Radiation Protection programme of the Commission of the European Community (Publication no. BIO 1747)     

Growth patterns and gravitropic curvature of radish hypocotyls

The rapid growth rate of radish cells makes the hypocotyl particularly valuable in research on growth phenomena and gravitropism. An examination of mean data regarding the growth of aetiolated radish seedlings not subjected to gravitropic stimulation showed that there was an increase in the growth rate from day 3 to day 5. When the hypocotyl was placed horizontally all zones showed an increase in growth of the lower surface of the hypocotyl and generally a decrease in the growth rate in the upper surface. The upper apical part of the gravistimulated hypocotyl grew almost the same as controls. In some cases, in both 4- and 5-day-old seedlings, in the upper median part there was a lower growth rate than in controls. The zones of growth during the development of the hypocotyl were different. Analysis of curvature showed that the growth rate of the different zones was a function of their location in the hypocotyl and that the rate of curvature was different in various parts of the hypocotyl.     

Cell size modulation by CDC25 and RAS2 genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

A detailed kinetic analysis of the cell cycle of cdc25-1, RAS2Val-19, or cdc25-1/RAS2Val-19 mutants during exponential growth is presented. At the permissive temperature (24 degrees C), cdc25-1 cells show a longer G1/unbudded phase of the cell cycle and have a smaller critical cell size required for budding without changing the growth rate in comparison to an isogenic wild type. The RAS2Val-19 mutation efficiently suppresses the ts growth defect of the cdc25-1 mutant at 36 degrees C and the increase of G1 phase at 24 degrees C. Moreover, it causes a marked increase of the critical cell mass required to enter into a new cell division cycle compared with that of the wild type. Since the critical cell mass is physiologically modulated by nutritional conditions, we have also studied the behavior of these mutants in different media. The increase in cell size caused by the RAS2Val-19 mutation is evident in all tested growth conditions, while the effect of cdc25-1 is apparently more pronounced in rich culture media. CDC25 and RAS2 gene products have been showed to control cell growth by regulating the cyclic AMP metabolic pathway. Experimental evidence reported herein suggests that the modulation of the critical cell size by CDC25 and RAS2 may involve adenylate cyclase.     

Regulation of fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism by insulin, growth hormone and tri-iodothyronine in hepatocyte cultures from normal and hypophysectomized rats.

The interactions of insulin, growth hormone (somatotropin) and tri-iodothyronine (T3) in the long-term (24 h) regulation of fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism were studied in hepatocyte primary cultures isolated from normal or hypophysectomized Sprague-Dawley rats. Hepatocytes from hypophysectomized rats had similar rates of palmitate metabolism, but lower rates of ketogenesis, than hepatocytes from normal rats. They also had a lower endogenous triacylglycerol content and lower activities of NADP-linked dehydrogenases than did cells from normal rats. The inhibitions of ketogenesis and gluconeogenesis by insulin were more marked in hepatocytes from hypophysectomized than from normal rats. Insulin caused a 7-10-fold increase in cellular glycogen in hepatocytes from hypophysectomized rats, compared with a 2-3-fold increase in cells from normal rats, and it increased cellular triacylglycerol by 65% in cells from hypophysectomized rats, compared with 11% in cells from normal rats. In hepatocytes from hypophysectomized rats, growth hormone and T3 increased ketogenesis both separately and in combination (12% and 23% respectively; P less than 0.05), whereas in hepatocytes from normal rats only the combination of growth hormone and T3 caused a significant increase in ketogenesis. In cells from hypophysectomized rats, T3 and growth hormone had different effects on carbohydrate metabolism: T3, but not growth hormone, potentiated the anti-gluconeogenic and glycogenic effects of insulin. It is concluded that hypophysectomy increases the responsiveness of hepatocytes to insulin, growth hormone and T3, and that growth hormone and T3 regulate fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism by different mechanisms.     

铬、硒对水稻幼苗生长和生理的影响

以单一铬(Cr6+0～200μmol·L1)及硒(Se0～200μmol·L1)、铬硒混合液(铬100μmol·L1,硒50μmol·L1)处理水稻幼苗,研究不同处理和浓度对水稻幼苗生长和生理特性影响。结果表明(1)单一铬处理,随着铬浓度增加,植株生长明显受到抑制,铬毒害表现为株高、鲜重和干重受抑制,叶片黄色、叶绿素含量下降,体内SOD、CAT活性下降,POD活性上升,膜透性增大;(2)单一硒处理,50μmol·L1促进植株生长,100μmol·L1和200μmol·L1则抑制植株生长;(3)铬硒混合处理结果反映,硒有减轻水稻铬毒害的作用,表现为:减轻铬胁迫对株高、鲜重和干重增加的抑制,提高叶绿素含量,提高SOD、CAT活性,降低POD活性和膜透性。     

Effect of electrical fields and external ionic currents on pollen-tube orientation

Summary Agapanthus umbelatus pollen tubes (PTs) display a number of different growth patterns when germinated in an electric field of 750 mV· mm^–1. When pollen is germinated near the cathode (82.44% of orientation to the cathode side) or near the anode (55.35% of orientation to the anode), growth is oriented parallel to the applied field but when germinated at an intermediate position, there is random growth. An increase and decrease in the orientation rates as well as reversion of the polarized growth were observed when the growth conditions were systematically altered. These findings reflect the influence of different ionic currents present in the germination medium. These ionic currents induce the formation of ionic gradients, which were monitored by ion-HPLC. The individual omission of Ca²⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺ and Cl^– suppresses or alters the oriented growth pattern. The presence of ionic gradients is not by itself suficient to trigger the polarization of tube growth as the presence of an electric field which drives the ionic currents is essential for this to occur.Abbreviations PT Pollen tube - DNS 3,5-dinitro salycilic acid; - TP transient polarization - HPLC high precision liquid chroma tography - DC direct current     

Assessment of the physical development and physical fitness of children and youths with simple body height deficiency

The aim of this work is an analysis of the process of growth and an assessment of the physical fitness of children and youths with short stature. The material contains results of a long-term investigation of the growth of boys and girls with the diagnosis: simple body height deficiency (hypostatura simplex). The investigation was carried out in Swietokrzyskie Province, Poland, in the years 1980-1997. It comprised 471 individuals: 143 girls aged 5-18 years and 328 boys aged 5-19 years. A different degree of the skeleton age is connected with a different dynamic of growth of short-stature girls and boys. Pubescent increase in the rate of growth occurs in individuals with a considerable retardation of the bone age later, particularly among boys. The growth process lasts longer in them, therefore, the final body height is achieved later and it is greater in individuals whose bone age is concordant with the calendar age. The level of physical working capacity of short-stature children does not show any significant difference in comparison with that in individuals with correct body height, and relative values of the indicators of physical fitness, related to body mass, are even higher in short-stature children. Individuals with a greater body height deficiency are characterised by a lower level of physical fitness.     

陇中黄土高原半干旱区苜蓿地土壤干燥化特征及适宜种植年限

研究了陇中黄土高原半干旱区不同种植年限紫花苜蓿地土壤水分特征及适宜种植年限.结果表明： 3、8、12和14年生苜蓿地0～300 cm土层土壤平均含水量均明显低于当地土壤稳定湿度值.12和14年生苜蓿地0～300 cm土层土壤含水量仅为9.2%和7.1%,甚至低于作物有效水分下限.1、3、8、12和14年生紫花苜蓿地0～300 cm土层干燥化指数分别为125.4%、30.5%、18.4%、-34.2%和-83.3%,除1年生苜蓿地土壤无干燥化现象之外,其余种植年限苜蓿地土壤均呈不同程度的干燥化.随苜蓿种植年限的延长,土壤干燥化程度加剧,但干燥化速率呈减缓趋势.综合苜蓿生产力动态和土壤水分状况,该区紫花苜蓿适宜的种植年限为8～10 年.     

Nonlinearity in the growth of bacterial colonies: conditions and causes

The universally recognized kinetic model of colony growth, introduced by Pirt, predicts a linear increase of colony size. The linearity follows from the assumption that the colony expands through the growth of only such cells that are located immediately behind the moving colony front, in the so-called peripheral zone of constant width and density. In this work, Pirt's model was tested on two bacteria--Alcaligenes sp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens--having markedly distinct cultural properties and grown on agarized medium with pyruvate. The colony size dynamics was followed for different densities of the inoculum, ranging from a single cell to a microdroplet of bacterial suspension (10(5)-10(6) cells), and for different depths of the agar layer, determining the amount of available substrate. A linear growth mode was observed only with P. fluorescens and only in the case of growth from a microdroplet. When originating from a single cell, colonies of both organisms displayed nonlinear growth with a distinct peak of Kr (the rate of colony radius increase) occurring after 2-3 days of growth. The growth of P. fluorescens colonies showed virtually no dependence on the depth of the agarized medium, whereas the rate of colony size increase of Alcaligenes sp. turned out to be directly related to the medium layer thickness. The departure from linearity is consistently explained by a new kinetic chart stipulating a possible contribution to the colony growth not only of peripheral cells but also (much more distinct in Alcaligenes) of cells at the colony center. The colony growth dynamics is determined not only by the concentration of the limiting substrate but also by the amount of autoinhibitor, the synthesis of which is governed by age of cells. The distinctions of growth from a single cell and microdroplet could also originate as a result of dissociation into the R- and S-forms and competition between the corresponding subpopulations for oxygen and the common substrate.     

Recruitment potential of a green alga Ulva flexuosa Wulfen dark preserved zoospore and its development

The recruitment potential and the ability of Ulva flexuosa Wulfen zoospores to survive darkness were tested under different conditions in the present study. The dark preserved zoospore was cultured under a two-factor experimental design to test the effect of salinity and nitrate, effect of salinity and phosphate, effect of light and salinity, and effect of light and phosphate. The recruitment (germination and growth) of zoospores was significantly affected by light and salinity. The nitrate concentration of 20 μmol.l(-1) was found to initiate the process of germination and its subsequent growth and, its effect appeared greatest under 25 psu condition. While nitrate enhances the growth of biomass more than phosphate, both show a positive interactive effect on biomass increase when crossed with salinity. The combined effect of 25 psu salinity and 8 μmol.l(-1) phosphate exhibited higher biomass growth. There was a significant effect of light and salinity on the biomass of zoospore, though there was no significant interaction between the two factors. There was an increase in biomass of growing zoospores to increase in light intensity and 80 μmol.m(-2).s(-1) of light intensity was considered optimal. Similarly, high light intensity condition favored higher biomass growth and there was significant interaction between light (80 μmol. m(-2). s(-1)) and phosphate (4 μmol. l(-1)) in high salinity (35 psu) condition. The result of this study showed that dark preserved zoospores of U. flexuosa have the potential for recruitment and it gives us an understanding how different factors play a role in the process of recruitment.