水稻对硒吸收,分布及硒与硅共施效应

水稻幼苗根吸收的＾７５Ｓｅ在顶叶分布较多,以下各叶依次减少,但根内积累更多,当Ｙｏｓｈｉｄａ营养液加入０．１和０．３μｇ／ｍｌ亚硒酸钠,根吸收＾３２Ｐ,幼苗长高并生根;但经０．６μｇ／ｍｌ处理后幼苗生长受抑制,叶片失绿。     

硒对培养人胚肝细胞Ⅲ型前胶原,羟脯氨酸合成的影响

原代培养人胚肝细胞经１．１５６×１０￣(－７）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ硒预处理４ｈ,加入２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ四氟化碳作用２０ｈ,观察硒对其Ⅲ型前胶原（ＰＣⅢ）和羟脯氨酸（Ｈｙｐ）生成的影响。结果培养液中ＰＣⅢ水平、细胞内Ｈｙｐ含量及细胞内外丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）水平均降低,与未加硒对照组比较差别有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。而硒谷腕甘肽过氧化物酶（Ｓｅ－ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ）活性则较对照组显著增高（Ｐ＜０．００１）,且ＰＣⅢ水平与Ｓｅ－ＧＳＨ－Ｐ＿Ｘ／ＭＤＡ比值呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．９１５６,Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示硒可提高Ｓｅ－ＧＳＨ－Ｐ＿Ｘ／ＭＤＡ比值,抑制脂质过氧化激发的肝细胞胶原合成。     

亚硒酸钠对四氯化碳损伤草鱼肝原代细胞与肝组织的保护作用

不同浓度四氯化碳（ＣＣｌ４）对草鱼肝原代细胞的损伤实验中,ＣＣｌ４浓度为１０μｌ／ｍｌ可引起细胞血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ＡＬＴ）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（ＡＳＴ）、乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）逸出量与细胞破损率显著增高,培养液中添加亚硒酸钠（Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３）０．２μｇ／ｍｌ,则可降低ＡＬＴ、ＡＳＴ、ＬＤＨ的逸出量,减轻细胞破损程度。Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３保护实验中,Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ２＋ＣＣｌ４组预先腹腔注射（ｉｐ）０．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ．ｂｗ连续三日,末次ｉｐＣＣｌ４混合液１ｍｌ／ｋｇ．ｂｗ,２４ｈ内肝组织超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）相对活性比ＣＣｌ４组提高达９１．５％,第七日仍提高达５４．５％,与对照组的水平基本接近;血清中丙氨酸氨基转氨酶（ＡＬＴ）水平逐渐降低。本实验还观察到Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３可引起肝脂质过氧化物显著降低,肝微粒体蛋白含量与细胞色素Ｐ—４５０活性升高;组织切片观察显示肝组织损伤程度减轻,７２ｈ后细胞核增多。表明Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３可提高草鱼肝清除自由基能力,增强肝脏解毒功能。     

铈对黄瓜叶绿体叶绿素蛋白质复合物形成的影响

黄瓜（Ｃｕｃｕｍ ｉｓｓａｔｉｖｕｓＬ．）叶片叶绿体中铈（Ｃｅ）含量随Ｈｏａｇｌａｎｄ 培养液中ＣｅＣｌ３ 浓度的增加而增加。Ｃｅ 对黄瓜叶片Ｃｈｌａ／ｂ 比值的影响与光强度有关,当植株生长在强光下,对照和处理叶片的Ｃｈｌａ／ｂ 比值均为３．０７;但在弱光下对照叶片的Ｃｈｌａ／ｂ 比值为２．７２,而处理叶片为２．８６。这说明只有在弱光下Ｃｅ才对叶片色素的组分有影响,Ｃｅ 使叶片中的Ｃｈｌｂ 略有下降。Ｃｅ能促进叶绿体光系统Ⅰ叶绿素蛋白质复合物及１１０ ｋＤ多肽的形成,并使捕光叶绿素ａ／ｂ 蛋白质复合物及其２７ ｋＤ多肽的含量减少。     

硒蛋白P的研究进展

微量元素硒 (Ｓｅ)作为许多具有重要生物功能的硒酶的活性中心 ,不但与机体的免疫应答及抗氧化作用等生理功能密切相关 ,而且能够降低癌症的发生率[1,2 ] 。在流行病学和临床研究中 ,常用血浆或全血中Ｓｅ浓度作为衡量Ｓｅ状态的指标 ,而且血浆浓度能比全血浓度更迅速地反映Ｓｅ状态的变化。在哺乳动物血浆中 ,Ｓｅ主要结合在 3种蛋白质中 :硒蛋白Ｐ、胞外谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和清蛋白。其中硒蛋白Ｐ所含Ｓｅ大约占血浆中全部Ｓｅ浓度的 5 0 %。硒蛋白Ｐ不同于目前所鉴定的所有其他硒蛋白 ,因为它含有 10～ 12个硒代半胱氨酸 (ＳｅＣｙｓ)残…     

植物叶片对硒的吸收与转运

以花生为供试植物的叶面施硒试验结果表明,叶片能够吸收利用Ｓｅ（ＩＶ）和Ｓｅ（ＶＩ）两种价态的外源硒,并将所吸收的硒主要转运至花生种子中去。叶片对硒的吸收转运能力受施硒量、施硒时间和硒的价态等因素的影响,叶片对Ｓｅ（ＶＩ）的吸收能力约是Ｓｅ（ＩＶ）的３倍,吸收量与施硒量成正比,在花针期施用有利于叶片的吸收利用和转运．     

东北地区生态环境中的Se及其生态效应

对东北地区不同环境要素Ｓｅ的分布与转化规律的研究表明,基岩、土壤、粮食和动物毛Ｓｅ含量分别为０．１２、０．１５０－０．５４０、０．００９６－０．０７６５和０．０４０５－０．１４１４μｇ．ｇ＾－１;城市和农村儿童发Ｓｅ含量为０．４６０和０．１８２μｇ．ｇ＾－１。根据不同要素Ｓｅ含量和生态效应,可将该区分为Ｓｅ适宜区、缺乏区和过渡区３个１级区,每个１级区又分为高Ｓｅ源区的低Ｓｅ源区。     

Cr^6＋对莼菜冬芽叶片急性毒害与保护酶系活性变化关系的研究

研究了Ｃｒ＾６＋的急性毒害对莼菜冬芽叶片的伤害程度和可溶性蛋白质、ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ、ＰＯＤ活性和ＭＤＡ含量变化之间的关系。在以０．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ￣２．０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ浓度的Ｃｒ＾６＋处理时,冬芽叶片受害的程序明显地与处理浓度和处理时间呈正相关;可溶性蛋白质只在处理４ｄ时出现较大变化,其含量随处理浓度的提高而急剧增加;随着处理浓度的增加,ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ和ＰＯＤ的活性峰出现的时间不断后推,并且ＰＯＤ的活性     

热性发热兔血浆脂多糖（LPS）浓度与生理反应的变化

在干球温度４２℃、湿球温度３５℃、相对湿度６０％条件下,测定了２４只热暴露兔［分为肛温维持４３℃（Ⅰ）组和肛温持续上升（Ⅱ）组］的心率、平均动脉压、呼吸频率、肛温及血浆ＬＰＳ浓度等指标。结果显示：（１）Ⅰ、Ⅱ组当Ｔｒ升达４３℃,热暴露时间分别为１００ｍｉｎ、６０ｍｉｎ时,血浆ＬＰＳ浓度分别为０．１９５ｎｇ／ｍｌ、０．１８０ｎｇ／ｍｌ,与实验前比,Ｐ＜０．０５。两组临死前,热暴露时间分别为２２０ｍｉｎ、１２０ｍｉｎ（Ⅱ组Ｔｒ４４．１５℃）时,其血浆ＬＰＳ浓度分别为０．２８５ｎｇ／ｍｌ、０．２４９ｎｇ／ｍｌ,Ｐ＜０．０１;（２）Ｔｒ４３℃和临死前两阶段ＬＰＳ的上升速率,Ⅰ组分别为０．０００６６ｎｇ／ｍｉｎ和０．０００６７ｎｇ／ｍｉｎ,Ⅱ组分别为０．０００８３ｎｇ／ｍｉｎ和０．００１１３ｎｇ／ｍｉｎ;（３）动物受热过程,Ｔｒ升至４３℃时,ＨＲ和ＭＡＰ达峰值水平,而呼吸频率则开始下降。本文结果提示,ＬＰＳ在中暑的病理生理学过程中可能是一个值得重视的因素     

硒拮抗超氧阴离子导致的心肌线粒体膜损伤

由黄嘌呤和黄嘌呤氧化酶体系产生的超氧阴离子作用于心肌线粒体后,其膜脂双层内产生了脂类自由基。在一定时间内,脂类自由基与自旋捕捉剂形成的加合物的ＥＳＲ信号强度随着孵育时间的增加而加强。１．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ硒代蛋氨酸（Ｓｅ－Ｍｅｔ）或２．３μｍｏｌ／ＬｍＮａ２ＳｅＯ３可显著清除并抑制脂类自由基的产生。在的影响下,荧光探针ＤＰＨ在膜脂双层中的荧光寿合和膜脂流动性发生了明显改变。一定浓度的Ｓｅ－Ｍｅｔ或Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３可明显拮抗的上述影响,前者的作用更为显著。     

壳聚糖酶的克隆表达与壳寡糖的制备分析

目的:克隆壳聚糖酶基因于大肠杆菌中实现高表达,制备壳寡糖。方法:以枯草芽孢杆菌总DNA为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因(CSN),克隆至载体pET23a(+)上,转化菌株BL21(DE3)。重组子经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和质谱检测与鉴定重组酶。酶纯化后水解壳聚糖,薄层色谱分析其水解产物。结果:质谱证明壳聚糖酶(31.5kDa)成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的45%左右。纯化后重组酶浓度为900 mg/L,纯度95%、回收率85%,酶活力为10 000 U/mg。壳聚糖降解产物为壳二糖至壳四糖。结论:原核表达载体pET23a(+)-CSN构建正确,壳聚糖酶表达量与活性高,适用于水解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖。     

国内外蝗害治理技术现状与展望

本文首先概述了国内外蝗虫发生与为害的态势,总结了现阶段我国蝗虫发生与为害的主要特点:即农田飞蝗暴发频繁而且严重,草原土蝗的发生时常造成严重的经济损失,而且侵入城市干扰市民生活,我国与周边国家之间蝗虫过境迁移频繁,使用化学农药污染环境和农产品;分析了国内外蝗虫防治对策与技术的发展现状,重点介绍了应急防治和可持续治理对策、...     

Coiled-coil nanomechanics and uncoiling and unfolding of the superhelix and alpha-helices of myosin

The nanomechanical properties of the coiled-coils of myosin are fundamentally important in understanding muscle assembly and contraction. Force spectra of single molecules of double-headed myosin, single-headed myosin, and coiled-coil tail fragments were acquired with an atomic force microscope and displayed characteristic triphasic force-distance responses to stretch: a rise phase (R) and a plateau phase (P) and an exponential phase (E). The R and P phases arise mainly from the stretching of the coiled-coils, with the hinge region being the main contributor to the rise phase at low force. Only the E phase was analyzable by the worm-like chain model of polymer elasticity. Restrained molecular mechanics simulations on an existing x-ray structure of scallop S2 yielded force spectra with either two or three phases, depending on the mode of stretch. It revealed that coiled-coil chains separate completely near the end of the P phase and the stretching of the unfolded chains gives rise to the E phase. Extensive conformational searching yielded a P phase force near 40 pN that agreed well with the experimental value. We suggest that the flexible and elastic S2 region, particularly the hinge region, may undergo force-induced unfolding and extend reversibly during actomyosin powerstroke.     

Kinetics and thermodynamics of peroxidase- and laccase-catalyzed oxidation of N-substituted phenothiazines and phenoxazines

N -substituted phenothiazines (PTs) and phenoxazines (POs) catalyzed by fungal Coprinus cinereus peroxidase and Polyporus pinsitus laccase were investigated at pH 4–10. In the case of peroxidase, an apparent bimolecular rate constant (expressed as k _cat/K _m) varied from 1 ×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹to 2.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 7.0. The constants for PO oxidation were higher in comparison to PT. pH dependence revealed two or three ionizable groups with pK _a values of 4.9–5.7 and 7.7–9.7 that significantly affected the activity of peroxidase. Single-turnover experiments showed that the limiting step of PT oxidation was reduction of compound II and second-order rate constants were obtained which were consistent with the constants at steady-state conditions. Laccase-catalyzed PT and PO oxidation rates were lower; apparent bimolecular rate constants varied from 1.8×10⁵M⁻¹s⁻¹ to 2.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 5.3. PO constants were higher in comparison to PT, as was the case with peroxidase. The dependence of the apparent bimolecular constants of compound II or copper type 1 reduction, in the case of peroxidase or laccase, respectively, was analyzed in the framework of the Marcus outer-sphere electron-transfer theory. Peroxidase-catalyzed reactions with PT, as well as PO, fitted the same hyperbolic dependence with a maximal oxidation rate of 1.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ and a reorganization energy of 0.30 eV. The respective parameters for laccase were 5.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ and 0.29 eV. Received: 20 September 1999 / Accepted: 24 February 2000     

白术同源四倍体的诱导和鉴定及其与二倍体过氧化物酶的比较

以白术（Atractylodes macrooephala Koidz.）二倍体组培苗为材料,对其四倍体诱导方法进行研究,共获得45个白术同源四倍体株系,为优良株系的选育提供了材料。此外,还分析比较了其中8个白术四倍体株系与二倍体的过氧化物酶同工酶（POD）的酶谱差异,发现四倍体各株系过氧化物酶同工酶谱比二倍体的均多了Rf0.310的谱带,且总过氧化物酶比活力也发生了很大改变,对探讨白术四倍体优良株系的生理生化机理具有一定的参考价值。     

放牧对牧草光合作用、呼吸作用和氮、碳吸收与转运的影响

研究放牧对草地植物生理活动的影响,对于揭示草地放牧演替的生理机制有重要意义.大量研究表明,家畜放牧对牧草光合作用、呼吸作用以及C和N吸收与转运的影响,可以分为生理伤害和生理恢复2个阶段.放牧通过改变草地冠层结构影响牧草光合作用,净光合作用速率短期内迅速下降,随着叶面积指数增加又逐渐上升,呼吸作用有相似的变化趋势.牧草放牧后再生长所需的C和N最初主要来自根系和留茬中的贮藏物质,此后随着牧草生长恢复逐渐由同化作用供给,C代谢与土壤N水平负相关.放牧后牧草生理活动变化与牧草遗传特性、种间竞争、家畜放牧特征、非生物环境等因素密切相关.     

Synthesis of hapten and conjugates of coumestrol and development of immunoassay

3-O-Carboxymethylcoumestrol was prepared as the hapten for immunoassay by a partial alkylation of coumestrol with ethyl chloroacetate in acetone alkalized with potassium carbonate. 3-O-Ethoxycarbonylmethylcoumestrol was separated by column chromatography and finally was hydrolyzed with formic acid. 1H and 13C NMR data (APT, COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) revealed that the reaction was regioselective, as 3-O-ethoxycarboxymethylcoumestrol was the only monosubstituted derivative. The hapten was then conjugated to bovine serum albumin and used for immunization of rabbits. A radioimmunoassay (RIA) system was established based on the polyclonal antiserum and a 125I-labeled hapten-tyrosine methyl ester conjugate as the radioligand. Parameters of the RIA: sensitivity: 12 pg per tube, 50% intercept: 140 pg per tube, working range: 20-4000 pg per tube. The cross-reactivity of a panel isoflavonoid and lignan phytoestrogens was either negligible (e.g. formononetin 0.07%; biochanin A 0.06%) or not detectable at all. The major immunoreactive peak in HPLC fractions from an alfalfa extract had the same retention time as coumestrol standard and represented 94.8% of the signal. The remaining 5.2% of immunoreactivity was distributed between five minor peaks. We conclude that after the validation for particular matrices, the method will be a useful tool for analysis of coumestrol, especially in low volume and low concentration samples.