酵母菌在疏水性有机污染物去除方面的应用

介绍了酵母菌处理技术在疏水性有机污染物降解中的研究和应用进展,并分析了酵母菌表面特征与其降解活性及在废水处理系统中的稳定性之间的关系。酵母菌技术可以在高含油色拉油废水及含高分于量多环芳烃（PAH）废水的处理中发挥细菌无法替代的作用,酵母菌重要表面特征,特别是其疏水性和乳化能力对于其在疏水性有机污染物处理体系中的稳定性具有重要影响。     

采油废水模拟处理系统中酵母菌群落结构动态初步解析

本研究建立好氧活性污泥的模拟体系处理经过物化预处理的采油废水, 控制温度等条件接近实际运行体系的情况下, 考察系统COD去除率和污泥体系中酵母菌多样性变化。结果显示系统稳定后COD去除率在70%以上; 利用非培养的方法考察了污泥中酵母菌在系统启动和稳定后的多样性变化, 结果表明酵母菌在采油废水处理系统中有较高的多样性和稳定性; 原水中具有较高的酵母菌多样性, 并在系统稳定过程中呈现逐渐增加的趋势。表明酵母菌可以在活性污泥系统中稳定存在, 同时酵母菌等真核微生物在烃类污染物去除和环境治理上具有一定的研究和应用 价值。     

PCR-DGGE用于油脂废水处理系统中酵母菌群落结构解析

本研究建立了适合于PCR-DGGE分析的环境样品中酵母菌基因组DNA的快速提取方法并利用PCR-DGGE对酵母菌处理油脂废水系统中的酵母菌群落结构进行了解析.结果表明,并非所有可以降解含油废水中污染物的菌株都可以稳定存在于系统中;系统对于菌株的选择开始于菌株的扩大培养阶段:系统从连续运行开始到稳定的过程中,G1、O2或W1成为优势菌株并稳定存在于系统中.     

处理石油化工废水的活性污泥中优势微生物群系及其降解效能的研究

处理石油化工废水的活性污泥中微生物以细菌为主体,霉菌、酵母菌数量较少。分离到167株细菌,主要群系为不动细菌属,假单胞菌属,产碱杆菌属、微球菌属、棒状杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属等、其中大部分菌株对苯酚、苯乙烯、丙酮、甲醇具有降解效能,尤其对苯酚、苯乙烯降解能力较强,菌株数量也较多。     

微藻处理废水的研究进展

微藻可以高效利用废水中的部分小分子有机质、氮和磷等污染物合成生物质,并达到处理废水的目的。近年来,利用微藻进行农业废水、工业废水、城市废水和含农药以及抗生素等有害废水的处理等有了一些新的尝试。本文中,笔者重点分析了微藻处理废水中藻种选育、藻菌共培养、藻菌絮体、工艺集成和反应器设计以及可持续综合开发等关键技术问题。其中,藻菌共培养可以发挥微藻和菌的各自优势,提高废水处理效率。藻菌絮体技术还具有便于采收的特点,具备进一步研究的潜力。针对不同废水的处理需求,笔者提出合理构建绿色可持续发展路线,推动微藻处理废水的更广泛应用。     

水产养殖废水的危害及处理技术

目前,我国的水产养殖行业发展迅速,但养殖过程中缺乏科学的规范指导,因而会产生大量养殖废水。排放未经处理的水产养殖废水,不仅会破坏生态平衡,还会影响水产品的质量,甚至危害人们的生命健康。因此,为了解决水产养殖废水的问题,实现可持续发展,处理水产养殖废水的技术便应运而生。文章总结了物理法、生物法和物理化学法处理水产养殖废水的利弊,得知物理法和化学法具有成本花费高、再利用程度低等不足。生物法则具有周期短、危害小、花费少、可循环利用等优点,可为养殖户提供理论参考。     

光合细菌在废水处理中的应用及菌体的综合利用

利用光合细菌净化高浓度有机废水,是废水生物处理法中的一个新发展。它具有有机负荷高、占地面积小、投资费用少、动力消耗低、除氮效果好和耐盐能力强等优点,而产生的菌体     

固定化微生物在废水处理中的研究及进展

微生物固定化是一种比一般生物处理法更为优越的方法,它具有处理效率高、稳定性强、耐负荷、产污泥量少等优点。作者对固定化技术方法以及不同载体的选择进行了介绍和对比,分析评价了国内外微生物固定化在废水控制中最新研究进展,并对其发展问题做了探讨。     

番茄生物碱粗提物抑菌作用的研究

本文研究了番茄生物碱粗提物对食品中常见腐败菌的抑菌效力,发现它对细菌和酵母菌具有较强的抑制作用,但对霉菌的抑菌作用较弱。番茄生物碱在中性环境中抑菌作用显著,经过121℃的高温处理仍具有较强的抑菌效力,且比苯甲酸钠的抑菌作用强。     

生物技术处理含铀废水的研究进展

随着核能的大力推广与应用,放射性含铀废水的种类和数量越来越多,为防止水体中放射性核素迁移扩散,含铀放射性废水的有效处理成为一项亟待解决的问题。目前研究前沿的生物处理方法具有高效、价廉的优势,对于含铀废水的治理前景乐观。综述了近几年生物法处理含铀废水的进展,评述了生物法处理含铀废水的主要原理及其优缺点,并提出生物技术处理含铀废水的进一步研究方向。     

Bioremediation of Fish Cannery Wastewater with Yeasts Isolated from a Drainage Canal

Several yeasts were isolated from a drainage canal in a Japanese fish food processing factory. They were characterized by the decomposition of organic polymers such as proteins and reducing sugars, their growth in the wastewater, the decrease in total organic carbon (TOC), and taxonomy. Three strains of yeast dominated the sample: Debaryomyces occidentalis (P1), Trichosporon ovoides (P19), and a strain that could not be identified (S27). Strain P19 had the highest TOC-decreasing activity and was immobilized onto chitosan beads. The immobilized yeasts reduced the TOC from 1.2 × 103 to 3.0 × 102 mg of C/L per day in the fish cannery wastewater.     

微藻在废水处理和生物质回收再利用方面的研究进展

随着经济的发展和人口的增加,环境污染和水资源短缺已经成为不可避免的全球性问题。基于微藻的废水处理技术不仅可以净化废水、解决环境污染问题,还可以利用废水中的营养元素合成生物质,现如今这种技术已经受到越来越多的关注。为了进一步提高废水处理效果、降低废水处理成本,有必要了解微藻去除废水中营养物质和污染物的机理,开发下游低成本收获技术,提升微藻高价值副产物的生产。本文综述了微藻去除碳、氮、磷、重金属、抗生素和有机物的机理和影响因素,总结了微藻的不同收获方式和微藻生物质在各个领域的应用。最后,分析了不同微藻共培养体系和微藻固定化技术的优缺点,并展望了微藻废水处理技术未来的发展方向。     

Breeding of wastewater treatment yeasts that accumulate high concentrations of phosphorus

Inorganic phosphate is an essential nutrient. In general, microorganisms take up phosphorus when the extracellular phosphorus concentration is low, but not when it is high. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the major phosphate transporters, such as Pho84p, and acid phosphatases (APases), such as Pho5p, are regulated in parallel by the phosphate signal transduction pathway (PHO pathway). We found that PHO mutants expressing PHO84 and PHO5, even under high-P conditions, could take up phosphorus at twice the rate of the wild-type strain. The regulatory pathway for phosphorus accumulation in two wastewater treatment yeasts, Hansenula fabianii J640 and Hansenula anomala J224-1, was found to be similar to that in S. cerevisiae. We screened for mutants of these yeasts that constitutively expressed APase. Such mutants formed blue colonies on high phosphorus concentration agar plates containing 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolylphosphate (X-phosphate). We found four mutants of H. fabianii J640 and one mutant of H. anomala J224-1 that accumulated from 2.2 to 3.5 times more phosphorus than the parent strains. The growth rates and abilities to remove dissolved total nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon of the mutants were similar to those of the parent strains. In addition, the mutants removed 95% of dissolved total phosphorus from shochu wastewater, while the parent strain removed only 50%.     

2株耐低温微生物处理污水模拟试验初报

从下水管道的污泥中分离筛选到耐冷细菌H6和耐冷酵母菌J1,采用此2菌株进行模拟污水低温(8℃)处理试验。H6和J1菌株对模拟污水COD的去除率分别为66.6%和72.2%;H6、J1菌株对有机氮去除率分别为76.9%和64.5%;H6、J1菌株对总磷去除率分别为53.9%和14.0%。说明低温微生物在低温环境的污水处理具有广阔的应用前景。     

Moving forward in the use of aerobic granular sludge for municipal wastewater treatment: an overview

Activated sludge is one of the most widely implemented technologies for municipal wastewater treatment. Yet, more restrictive environmental standards demand for more efficient technologies. Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is a promising alternative in this context since this technology has shown potential for simultaneous organic matter and nutrient removal using smaller bioreactors and consuming less energy. However, despite such engaging claims, only ca. 40 full-scale AGS systems have been installed worldwide after 30 years of development. This reduced implementation suggests the existence of significant bottlenecks for this technology, which currently only have partially been overcome. This overview aims to analyze the recent progress in R&D concerning aerobic sludge granulation for municipal wastewater treatment via the analysis of research articles and invention patents as well as to elucidate exiting technological gaps and development opportunities. Culturing methods aiming at fast granulation, long-term stability and excellent process performance are of utmost interest for promoting massive implementation of full-scale AGS systems. Moreover, the recovery of biomaterials from waste sludge could contribute to the implementation of the biorefinery paradigm in wastewater treatment plants.

     

Feasibility assay in phase-separated anaerobic treatment of cheese industry wastewater

This research was conducted as a part of continuous development of innovative bioprocess technology for the treatment of high strength wastewater. Mixed cheese processing wastewater was tested for the feasibility of phase separated anaerobic digestion in batch mode. Three concentrations of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) made by dilution of raw wastewater were tested for acidification of organics in the wastewater at two pHs, 6.0 and neutral. More than 95% of fat, 97% of soluble protein and 100% of lactose in the mixed waste were acidified in the acidogenic phase. Three different concentrations of artificial substrate consisting of a mixture of short chain organic acids, acetic, propionic, butyric, and valeric acids, along with alcohol were investigated for waste stabilization in methanogenic phase experiments. More than 95% of SCOD reduction was achieved in the methanogenic phase. This translated that 73.5–83.8% of organics in the wastewater could be recovered as energy (methane gas) instead of massive production of sludge.     

FISH技术在废水处理中的应用

该文介绍了FISH（Fluorescence in situ hybridization）技术与DGGE／TGGE、PER扩增技术、共聚焦激光扫描显微镜以及生物传感器等结合使用,可直观形象的研究微生物在废水处理系统中的形态、生理变化,以及微生物种群的演替的规律;为筛选和驯化活性污泥或生物膜中的对废水处理起主导作用的微生物,提供更加有效、快速、可视的信息,促进废水处理技术的发展。     

Anaerobic treatment of wastewater with high suspended solids from a bulk drug industry using fixed film reactor (AFFR)

Studies were carried out on the treatment of wastewater from a bulk drug industry using an anaerobic fixed film reactor (AFFR) designed and fabricated in the laboratory. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total dissolved solids (TDS) of the wastewater were found to be very high with low biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) to COD ratio and high total suspended solid (TSS) concentration. Acclimatization of seed consortia and startup of the reactor was carried out by directly using the wastewater, which resulted in reducing the period of startup to 30 days. The reactor was studied at different organic loading rates (OLR) and it was found that the optimum OLR was 10 kg COD/m(3)/day. The wastewater under investigation, which had a considerable quantity of SS, was treated anaerobically without any pretreatment. COD and BOD of the reactor outlet wastewater were monitored and at steady state and optimum OLR 60-70% of COD and 80-90% of BOD were removed. The reactor was subjected to organic shock loads at two different OLR and the reaction could withstand the shocks and performance could be restored to normalcy at that OLR. The results obtained indicated that AFFR could be used efficiently for the treatment of wastewater from a bulk drug industry having high COD, TDS and TSS.     

Some properties of a sequencing batch reactor system for removal of vat dyes

Bio-sludge from a wastewater treatment plant could be used as an adsorbent of vat dye from textile wastewater. Resting bio-sludge gave a higher adsorption capacity than dead bio-sludge. The resting bio-sludge from a textile wastewater treatment plant gave relatively high COD, BOD5 and dye adsorption capacity of 364.4 +/- 4.3, 178.0 +/- 9.0 and 50.5 +/- 1.3 mg/g of bio-sludge, respectively, in synthetic textile wastewater containing 40 mg/l Vat Yellow 1. Another advantage of the bio-sludge was that, after washing with 0.1 N NaOH solution, it was reusable without any activity loss. Through treatment with a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system, both organic and dye in STIWW could be removed. The maximum dye (Vat Yellow 1), COD, BOD5 and TKN removal efficiencies of the SBR system under an MLSS of 2000 mg/l and an HRT of three days were 98.5 +/- 1.0%, 96.9 +/- 0.7%, 98.6 +/- 0.1% and 93.4 +/- 1.3%, respectively. Although, the dye and organic removal efficiencies of the SBR system with real textile wastewater were quite low, they could be increased by adding organic matters, especially glucose. The dye, COD, BOD5 and TKN removal efficiencies of the SBR system with glucose (0.89 g/l) supplemented textile industrial wastewater were 75.12 +/- 1.2%, 70.61 +/- 3.4%, 96.7 +/- 0.0%, and 63.2 +/- 1.1%, respectively.