多荚草皂甙D和E的结构

从石竹科植物多荚草（Polycarpon prostratum(Forssk)Aschers.et Schwein.ex Aschers）的全草中分离得到了2个新的柴胡皂甙类化合物：prostratoside D和E。它们的结构过波谱方法分别鉴定为3－O－{β－D－xylpoyranosy-(1→2）－β－D－glucopyransoyl-(1→4）－[β－D－glucopyranosyl-（1→2）]-α－L－arabinopyranoside}－saikogeninD和3-O-{β－D－xylpoyranosy-(1→2）－β－D－glucopyransoyl-(1→4）－[β－D－glucopyranosyl-（1→2）]-α－L－arabinopyranoside}－saikogeninG。     

知母中甾体皂苷类成分的研究(英文)

从中药知母(Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge.)的70%乙醇提取物中分离得到6个化合物,经波谱学方法和与已知样品对照鉴定为:3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(3β,5β)-pregn-16(17)-ene-20-one(1)、timosaponin AIII(2)、timosaponin BIII(3)、22-hydroxy-5β-furost-3β,15α-diol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-galactopyranoside(4)、timosaponin G(5)、β-daucosterol(6)。其中化合物1为新天然产物,命名为知母孕甾A,是知母中首次发现的C21甾体类化合物,经HR ESI-MS、1D NMR、2D NMR确定其结构,并首次对其核磁数据进行归属。     

盾叶薯蓣地上部分的三个新甾体皂甙

从盾叶薯蓣Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright地上部分分离鉴定了四个甾体皂甙,经鉴定甙A为约莫皂甙元-3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙;甙B为24α-羟基约莫皂甙元-3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)]β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙;甙C为约莫皂甙元-3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)][β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→4)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基;甙D为约莫皂甙元-3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)][β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→3)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙。前三者为新化合物,分别命名为盾叶皂甙A_1、A_2、A_3(zingiberoside A_1、A_2、A_3),其中盾叶皂甙A_2的甙元为一新甾体皂甙元,命名为盾叶皂甙元(zingiberogenin)。     

不同产地西洋参皂甙成分的HPLC分析

以西洋参的主要皂甙成分人参皂甙Re和Rb1为标准对照品 ,建立西洋参药材的HPLC定量分析技术 ,并参考人参皂甙Rc,Rd及Rg2 的相对峰面积进行主成分分析。色谱条件为 :C18柱 (5 μm ,3.9× 15 0mm) ,乙腈 :水流动相 ,二元梯度洗脱 ,检测波长 2 0 3nm。结果表明 ,就皂甙成分的组成与含量而言通过人参皂甙Re和Rb1的含量测定和皂甙的主成分分析 ,不同产地的西洋参药材皂甙成分存在一定的差别。吉林省靖宇县产的西洋参与进口品最为接近。     

秦岭产珠子参根茎的皂甙成分

从陕西省秦岭产珠子参（Panax japonicus C.A.Meyer var.major(Burk.)Wu et Feng)的根茎中分离得到7个皂甙,经13CNMR快速原子轰击质谱（FAB－MS）等测定,并与标准品对照,其中6个分别鉴定为已知竹节参甙（chikusetsusa ponin)V(即人参甙Rg),IVa,齐墩果酸－28－O－β－D－葡萄哟喃糖甙（oleanolic acid 28-O-β－glucopyranoside),人参甙（ginsenoside)Rg2,Re以及三七甙（notoginsenoside)R2.另一皂甙为竹节参甙IV,甲酯（chikusetsusa ponin IVa methyl ester),即齐墩果酸－（3－O－β－D－葡萄吡喃糖醛酸甲酯）－28－O－β－D－葡萄吡喃糖甙（oleanolie acid-(3-O-β－D－glucorunopyranosyl-methylate)-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside),系首次从植物中分离得到,对陕西省秦岭产和云南丽江产的珠子参根茎的皂甙成分进行了比较和讨论。     

虎刺楤木根皮化学成分研究

从虎刺楤木［Ａｒａｌｉａ ａｒｍ ａｔａ （Ｗａｌｌ．） Ｓｅｅｍ ．］根皮中分离到１１个成分,根据理化及光谱性质,鉴定其中７个为皂甙,即去葡萄糖竹节参皂甙Ⅳａ（ＡＴ－Ⅰ）、竹节参皂甙Ⅳａ（ＡＴ－Ⅱ）、姜状三七甙Ｒ１（ＡＴ－Ⅲ）、人参皂甙Ｒ０（ＡＴ－Ⅳ）、Ａｄ－Ⅲ［（ＡＴ－Ⅴ）后称黄毛楤木皂甙］、虎刺楤木皂甙（ＡＴ－Ⅵ）和楤木皂甙Ａ（ＡＴ－Ⅶ）,其余４个成分则为二十八羧酸（ＡＴ－Ⅷ）、谷甾醇（ＡＴ－Ⅸ）、谷甾醇与豆甾醇的混合物（ＡＴ－Ⅹ）及齐墩果酸（ＡＴ－Ⅺ）。以上成分均系首次从该植物中分得,其中ＡＴ－Ⅵ则为一新皂甙     

黄花远志的新齐墩果烷型三萜皂甙

从云南产远志科药用植物黄花远志(PolygalaarillataBuchHamexDDon)茎皮的乙醇提取物中分离得到4个新的齐墩果烷型三萜皂甙,命名为黄花远志皂甙(arillatanoside)A～D。同时还分离得到1个已知的三萜皂甙远志甙(polygalasaponin)XXXV。它们的结构通过波谱方法推定。     

秦岭产珠子参根茎的皂甙成分

从陕西省秦岭产珠子参（Panax japonicus C.A.Meyer var.major(Burk.)Wu et Feng)的根茎中分离得到7个皂甙,经13CNMR快速原子轰击质谱（FAB－MS）等测定,并与标准品对照,其中6个分别鉴定为已知竹节参甙（chikusetsusa ponin)V(即人参甙Rg),IVa,齐墩果酸－28－O－β－D－葡萄哟喃糖甙（oleanolic acid 28-O-β－glucopyranoside),人参甙（ginsenoside)Rg2,Re以及三七甙（notoginsenoside)R2.另一皂甙为竹节参甙IV,甲酯（chikusetsusa ponin IVa methyl ester),即齐墩果酸－（3－O－β－D－葡萄吡喃糖醛酸甲酯）－28－O－β－D－葡萄吡喃糖甙（oleanolie acid-(3-O-β－D－glucorunopyranosyl-methylate)-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside),系首次从植物中分离得到,对陕西省秦岭产和云南丽江产的珠子参根茎的皂甙成分进行了比较和讨论。     

新华合物柴胡皂甙q—1的结构鉴定

从北柴胡（）Bupheurum chinense DC.）根的醇提液的正丁醇部分分离得到３个化合物,分别鉴定为柴胡皂甙q-1（１）、３″－Ｏ－乙酰柴胡皂甙d(2)和３″－Ｏ－乙酰柴胡皂甙b2(3).化合物１为新化合物,用化学和波谱法确定其结构为３β,１６α,２３,２８,３０－五羟基－齐墩果－１１,１３（１８）－二烯－３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ吡喃葡萄糖（１→６）－[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基（１→４）]－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖甙。化合物２和３为首次从北柴胡中分离得到。     

人参皂甙Rg1对脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织Bax和Bcl-2蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨人参皂甙Rg1对脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织Bcl-2和Bax表达的影响及其意义。方法分别给大鼠腹腔注射人参皂甙Rg1 10、20、40 mg/kg,采用大脑中动脉闭塞方法建立脑缺血再灌注模型,观察大鼠脑缺血再灌注后不同时间段（2 h、24 h）神经功能缺损评分;应用免疫组化法检测脑组织缺血再灌注24h后Bcl-2、Bax的表达。结果人参皂甙Rg1组大鼠脑缺血后各时间点神经功能缺损评分显著低于单纯缺血再灌注组（P〈0.05）;与单纯缺血再灌注组相比,人参皂甙Rg1各组Bcl-2表达显著增高,Bax表达显著降低,Bcl-2/Bax比值显著上调（P〈0.05）。结论人参皂甙Rg1防治大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的机制可能与促进脑组织Bcl-2表达、抑制Bax表达有关,且以高剂量效果较好。     

LYVE-1和D2—40在检测早期宫颈鳞状细胞癌和癌前病变微淋巴管中的研究

目的对比分析两种常用的淋巴内皮细胞标记分子LYVE-1和D2—40在检测宫颈癌癌前病变和早期宫颈鳞状细胞癌（简称鳞癌）组织中微淋巴管的异同,结合临床资料分析其与宫颈鳞癌的临床分期,淋巴转移和病理特点之间的关系。方法采用SP法检测抗人淋巴管内皮透明质酸受体-1（1ymphatic Vesselendothelial HAreceptor-1,LYVE-1）多克隆抗体和D2—40单克隆抗体免疫组织化学染色分别检测22例宫颈癌癌前病变和36例早期宫颈鳞癌组织中的淋巴管密度（lympatie vessel density,LVD）,图像分析系统统计LVD的水平。结果 1.两种标记分子检测均发现在宫颈癌前病变和早期鳞癌中LVD随着疾病的进展而显著增加（P〈0．001）,同时均发现LVD与盆腔淋巴结状态密切相关。2．对比两种分子染色效果,两种标记分子各有优劣,联合起来使用更为可靠。结论 LYVE-1和D2-40结合使用能更准确反应宫颈淋巴管的情况,宫颈癌前病变和早期宫颈癌组织中高淋巴管分布与淋巴转移和肿瘤分期有关。     

Activation of D1 and D2 Dopamine Receptors Inhibits Protein Kinase C Activity in Striatal Synaptoneurosomes

Abstract: The effects of D₁ and D₂ dopamine ligands on protein kinase C (PKC) activity were examined in synaptoneurosomes. Incubation with D₁ agonists (SKF 38393, fenodopam), in the presence of calcium, decreased the soluble and increased the particulate PKC activity. These effects were reversed by SCH 23390, which by itself had the opposite effect of increasing the soluble and decreasing the particulate PKC activity. In contrast, incubation with the D₂ agonists [LY 171555, (+)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)- N - n -propylpiperidine, RU 24213] increased the soluble and decreased the particulate PKC activity. These effects were reversed by sulpiride. (−)-3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)- N - n -propylpiperidine had a D₂ antagonist profile. Apomorphine showed a biphasic dose-response change; i.e., it decreased particulate PKC activity at the D₂ receptor at low concentrations (0.1 µ M ) and increased it at the D₁ receptor at higher concentrations (10 µ M ). Pretreatment with tetrodotoxin or omission of calcium in the incubation medium did not alter the responses of the D₂ agonists, but it reversed the changes in PKC activity induced by the D₁ agonists and converted the biphasic response of apomorphine to a monophasic inhibition. These results indicate that (1) D₁ and D₂ dopamine receptors are negatively coupled to PKC and (2) the increase in particulate PKC activity seen with the D₁ drugs in the presence of calcium is mediated indirectly via a transneuronal effect.     

新疆地区酸马奶中酵母菌的鉴定及其生物多样性分析

从新疆少数民族牧民家庭采集的28份传统工艺酿造酸马奶样品中分离出87株酵母菌,并对其进行了生理生化鉴定、分子生物学鉴定和生物多样性分析。生化试验结果表明,新疆地区酸马奶中的酵母菌为Saccharomyces unisporus(占总分离株的48.3%),Kluyveromyces marxianus(27.6%),Pichia membranaefaciens(15.0%)和Saccharomyces cerevisiae(9.2%)。选取其中的6株酵母菌和1株参考菌株,进行大亚基(26S)rDNA D1/D2区域(600bp左右)碱基序列分析,并通过GenBank进行同源序列搜索以确定各菌株的归属,进一步验证生理生化方法的正确性。从得到的结果中可以看出,S.unisporus和K.marxianus为新疆地区酸马奶中的优势菌。     

Cyclin D1在人皮肤血管瘤不同时期的表达

目的　探讨cyclinD1蛋白在血管瘤发生、发展及退化过程中的表达状况及其意义。方法　采用免疫组织化学方法 (S P法 )检测人皮肤血管瘤增生期、退化期及正常皮肤组织中cyclinD1的表达水平 ,并结合第Ⅷ因子相关抗原的免疫组织化学染色证实表达cyclinD1的细胞是血管内皮细胞。利用计算机图像分析技术测量不同时期血管瘤组织和正常皮肤组织cyclinD1表达的平均光密度和平均阳性面积率。结果　增生期血管瘤内皮细胞cyclinD1表达水平高于退化期 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,退化期血管瘤内皮细胞cyclinD1表达水平与正常皮肤组织相比 ,差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　cyclinD1通过促进血管瘤内皮细胞增殖和血管生成而在血管瘤的形成过程中起重要作用。     

秦岭地区子囊菌酵母物种多样性研究

从陕西秦岭地区的果实和叶等不同基物上分离得到子囊菌酵母262株,利用26SrDNA的D1/D2区域序列分析并结合形态学特征对这些菌株进行了分类学研究,探讨了该地区子囊菌酵母的物种多样性及其分布。共鉴定出10属31种,其中优势属为假丝酵母属Candida,12种,(其中新种2个,另文发表)、酿酒酵母属Saccharomyces,5种、毕赤酵母属Pichia,5种和有孢汉逊酵母属Hanseniaspora,3种。对分离自陕西秦岭不同地区与海拔的同一个种的不同菌株进行了D1/D2序列分析比较,以探讨子囊菌酵母种内序列稳定性和变异幅度。     

Lipidomics Analysis of Timosaponin BII in INS‐1 Cells Induced by Glycolipid Toxicity and Its Relationship with Inflammation

Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge is a traditional Chinese medicine. The timosaponin BII is one of the most abundant and widely studied active ingredients in Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge . Related studies have shown that timosaponin BII has potential value for development and further utilization. The protective effect of timosaponin BII on islet β cells under type 2 diabetes was investigated in the glycolipid toxic INS‐1 cell model and possible biomarkers were explored by lipidomics analysis. Timosaponin BII was isolated from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge by polyamide resin and Sephadex LH‐20. Then, the glycolipid toxicity INS‐1 cell model was established to investigate the protective effect of timosaponin BII. The results showed that timosaponin BII could significantly influence the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), thereby restoring the insulin secretion ability and cell viability of model cells. Lipidomics analysis was combined with multivariate statistical analysis for marker selection. The four most common pathological and pharmacological lipid markers were phosphatidylserine (PS), suggesting that timosaponin BII had protective effects on model cells related to the reduction oxidative stress and macrophage inflammation. RAW264.7 macrophages were stimulated by LPS to establish a model of inflammation and study the effect of timosaponin BII on the nodes of NOD‐like receptor P3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway in the model cells. In conclusion, timosaponin BII may have the effect of protecting INS‐1 pancreatic β cells through reducing IL‐1β (interleukin‐1β) production by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophage and restoring the insulin secretion ability and cell viability by reducing oxidative stress.     

Timosaponin AIII inhibits metastasis of renal carcinoma cells through suppressing cathepsin C expression by AKT/miR-129-5p axis

Timosaponin AIII (TSAIII) is a steroidal saponin that exerts anticancer activity on various cancer cells. In this study, we explore the effects of TSAIII on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells. Our findings show that TSAIII treatment (<8 μM) insignificantly influenced cell viability and cell cycle distribution of human RCC cell lines 786-O, A-498, and ACHN. Further observations revealed that TSAIII inhibited migration and invasion of 786-O and A-498 cells, as well as significantly decreased the production and expression of cathepsin C (CTSC) in both the cell types. Kinase cascade analysis exhibited that PI3K/AKT activation was inhibited, but PTEN expression was increased, in response to TSAIII treatments. Combining TSAIII and PI3K inhibitors, LY294002 synergically reduced the migration and invasion of 786-O and A-498 cells, as well as decreased the CTSC expression in both the cell types. We also observed that miR-129-5p bound to CTSC gene and suppressed the expression of CTSC and demonstrated that the miR-129-5p expression was synergically enhanced by TSAIII and LY294002. In addition, pretreatment with antago-miR-129-5p significantly restored the CTSC expression and the migration and invasion of TSAIII-treated 786-O cells. In conclusion, our findings reveal that TSAIII inhibits the metastatic properties of RCC cells, contributing to the inhibition of PI3K/AKT and the increase of miR-129-5p and the subsequent downregulation of CTSC. This suggests that TSAIII has significant antimetastatic activity against RCC cells and may be beneficial to RCC treatments.     

质体醌重组的D1／D2／Cytb559复合物的荧光衰减动力学和光破坏作用

光系统Ⅱ反应中心Ｄ１／Ｄ２／Ｃｙｔｂ５５９ 在分离纯化过程中失去了电子受体ＱＡ 和ＱＢ,人工合成的质体醌可以与Ｄ１／Ｄ２／Ｃｙｔｂ５５９ 复合物发生重组。癸基质体醌（ＤＰＱ）与Ｄ１／Ｄ２／Ｃｙｔｂ５９９ 复合物的重组导致该复合物的荧光强度下降及发射光谱蓝移,同时两个与光化学活性相关的长寿命（２４ ｎｓ和７３ ｎｓ）荧光衰减组分占整个荧光的百分数下降,这些结果表明ＤＰＱ作为Ｐｈｅｏ－ 的电子受体,限制了Ｐ６８０＋ ·Ｐｈｅｏ－ 的电荷重组。ＤＰＱ 的加入对Ｄ１／Ｄ２／Ｃｙｔｂ５５９复合物中Ｃｈｌａ 分子的光破坏敏感性影响不大,但β－胡萝卜素在加入ＤＰＱ 之后可以被光照破坏,这个过程可能与β－胡萝卜素的生理功能相关。     

Theory of optical spectra of photosystem II reaction centers: location of the triplet state and the identity of the primary electron donor

Based on the structural analysis of photosystem II of Thermosynechococcus elongatus, a detailed calculation of optical properties of reaction-center (D1-D2) complexes is presented applying a theory developed previously. The calculations of absorption, linear dichroism, circular dichroism, fluorescence spectra, all at 6 K, and the temperature-dependence of the absorption spectrum are used to extract the local optical transition energies of the reaction-center pigments, the so-called site energies, from experimental data. The site energies are verified by calculations and comparison with seven additional independent experiments. Exciton relaxation and primary electron transfer in the reaction center are studied using the site energies. The calculations are used to interpret transient optical data. Evidence is provided for the accessory chlorophyll of the D1-branch as being the primary electron donor and the location of the triplet state at low temperatures.