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1.
Lifestyle Intervention Decreases Urine Trimethylamine N‐Oxide Levels in Prepubertal Children with Obesity
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María J. Leal‐Witt Marina Llobet Sara Samino Pol Castellano Daniel Cuadras Josep C. Jimenez‐Chillaron Oscar Yanes Marta Ramon‐Krauel Carles Lerin 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2018,26(10):1603-1610
Objective
Early lifestyle interventions in children with obesity decrease risk of obesity and metabolic disorders during adulthood. This study aimed to identify metabolic signatures associated with lifestyle intervention in urine samples from prepubertal children with obesity.Methods
Thirty‐four prepubertal children with obesity were studied before and after a 6‐month lifestyle intervention program, and anthropometric, metabolic, and nutritional variables were collected. A nuclear magnetic resonance approach was applied to obtain the metabolomic profile from urine samples. Partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) was used to achieve group classification and variable importance on projection (VIP) for biomarker selection.Results
The intervention reduced caloric intake by 10% (P < 0.05) and BMI standard deviation score by 0.47 SD (P < 0.001). PLS‐DA identified trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO, VIP = 2.21) as the metabolite with the highest discrimination properties between groups. Urine TMAO levels were reduced after the intervention (P < 0.05). TMAO is a biomarker of cardiovascular disease risk and is a product of gut microbiota‐dependent metabolism of certain dietary compounds, including choline. Notably, changes in TMAO levels after the intervention did not correlate to differences in choline intake but were inversely associated with fiber intake (P < 0.05).Conclusions
These results indicate that lifestyle intervention decreases TMAO levels in children with obesity.2.
Two‐Year Results of Think Health! ¡Vive Saludable!: A Primary Care Weight‐Management Trial
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Shiriki K. Kumanyika Knashawn H. Morales Kelly C. Allison A. Russell Localio David B. Sarwer Etienne Phipps Jennifer E. Fassbender Adam G. Tsai Thomas A. Wadden 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2018,26(9):1412-1421
Objective
Think Health! ¡Vive Saludable! evaluated a moderate‐intensity, lifestyle behavior‐change weight‐loss program in primary care over 2 years of treatment. Final analyses examined weight‐change trajectories by treatment group and attendance.Methods
Adult primary care patients (n = 261; 84% female; 65% black; 16% Hispanic) were randomly assigned to Basic Plus (moderate intensity; counseling by primary care clinician and a lifestyle coach) or Basic (clinician counseling only). Intention‐to‐treat analyses used all available weight measurements from data collection, treatment, and routine clinical visits. Linear mixed‐effects regression models adjusted for treatment site, gender, and age, and sensitivity analyses evaluated treatment attendance and the impact of loss to follow‐up.Results
Model‐based estimates for 24‐month mean (95% CI) weight change from baseline were ?1.34 kg (?2.92 to 0.24) in Basic Plus and ?1.16 kg (?2.70 to 0.37) in Basic (net difference ?0.18 kg [?2.38 to 2.03]; P = 0.874). Larger initial weight loss in Basic Plus was attenuated by a ~0.5‐kg rebound at 12 to 16 months. Each additional coaching visit was associated with a 0.37‐kg greater estimated 24‐month weight loss (P = 0.01).Conclusions
These findings in mostly black and Hispanic female primary care patients suggest that strategies to improve treatment attendance may improve weight loss resulting from moderate‐intensity counseling.3.
Objective
Little work has explored the effect of weight‐related terms on treatment initiation; only one study has investigated weight‐related terms and the psychological constructs associated with treatment uptake. The present study examines the effects of four common weight‐related terms on treatment initiation and the moderating effect of weight bias internalization.Methods
Adult participants with overweight and obesity (n = 436) were recruited online and asked to read three vignettes describing clinical encounters; the weight‐related term (i.e., “weight,” “BMI,” “obesity,” or “fat”) was varied randomly. Participants then reported self‐efficacy, cognitive and emotional illness beliefs about obesity (i.e., illness perception), and interest in a weight loss program.Results
The term “obesity” resulted in the greatest self‐efficacy and perceived control over obesity. “Fat” resulted in the least illness coherence (i.e., understanding of obesity). Weight bias internalization did not moderate the effect of term on self‐efficacy, nor did it moderate illness perception. No differences in weight loss program enrollment were observed.Conclusions
Use of the term “obesity” may promote patients’ perceived control and self‐efficacy. Use of “fat” should be avoided. Results suggest that, despite patient and clinician preference for euphemistic weight terms, use of clinical language such as “obesity” may perform better in provider intervention.4.
Racial Differences in Relative Skeletal Muscle Mass Loss During Diet‐Induced Weight Loss in Women
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Gary R. Hunter David R. Bryan Juliano H. Borges M. David Diggs Stephen J. Carter 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2018,26(8):1255-1260
Objective
It is unclear whether there are race‐specific differences in the maintenance of skeletal muscle during energy restriction. Changes in relative skeletal muscle index (RSMI; limb lean tissue divided by height squared) were compared following (1) diet alone, (2) diet + aerobic training, or (3) diet + resistance training.Methods
Overweight, sedentary African American (AA; n = 72) and European American (EA; n = 68) women were provided an 800‐kcal/d diet to reduce BMI < 25 kg/m2. Regional fat‐free mass was measured with dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry. Steady‐state VO2 and heart rate responses during walking were measured.Results
AA women had greater RSMI and preserved RSMI during diet alone, while RSMI was significantly reduced among EA women (EA women –3.6% vs. AA women + 1.1%; P < 0.05). Diet + resistance training subjects retained RSMI (EA women + 0.2% vs. AA women + 1.4%; P = 50.05), whereas diet + aerobic training subjects decreased RSMI (EA women –1.4% vs. AA women –1.5%; P < 0.05). Maintenance of RSMI was related to delta walking ease and economy.Conclusions
Compared with AA women, EA women are less muscular and lose more muscle during weight loss without resistance training. During diet‐induced weight loss, resistance training preserves skeletal muscle, especially among premenopausal EA women. Maintenance of muscle during weight loss associates with better ease and economy of walking.5.
Resistance Training Reduces Skeletal Muscle Work Efficiency in Weight‐Reduced and Non–Weight‐Reduced Subjects
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Michael Rosenbaum Martica Heaner Rochelle L. Goldsmith P. Christian Schulze Alpana Shukla Wei Shen Elizabeth J. Shane Elinor Naor Rudolph L. Leibel Louis J. Aronne 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2018,26(10):1576-1583
Objective
The objective of this study is to determine whether resistance training is similarly effective in reducing skeletal muscle efficiency and increasing strength in weight‐reduced and maximal weight subjects.Methods
This study examined the effects of supervised resistance exercise on skeletal muscle in 14 individuals with overweight and obesity sustaining a 10% or greater weight loss for over 6 months and a phenotypically similar group of 15 subjects who had not reduced weight and were weight stable at their maximal lifetime body weight. We assessed skeletal muscle work efficiency and fuel utilization (bicycle ergometry), strength (dynamometry), body composition (dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry), and resting energy expenditure (indirect calorimetry) before and after 12 weeks of thrice‐weekly resistance training.Results
Non–weight‐reduced subjects were significantly (10%‐20%) stronger before and after the intervention than reduced‐weight subjects and gained significantly more fat‐free mass with a greater decline in percentage of body fat than weight‐reduced subjects. Resistance training resulted in similar significant decreases (~10%) in skeletal muscle work efficiency at low‐level exercise and ~10% to 20% increases in leg strength in both weight‐reduced and non–weight‐reduced subjects.Conclusions
Resistance training similarly increases muscle strength and decreases efficiency regardless of weight loss history. Increased resistance training could be an effective adjunct to reduced‐weight maintenance therapy.6.
Effects of Self‐Conditioning Techniques (Self‐Hypnosis) in Promoting Weight Loss in Patients with Severe Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial
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Simona Bo Farnaz Rahimi Ilaria Goitre Bice Properzi Valentina Ponzo Giuseppe Regaldo Stefano Boschetti Maurizio Fadda Giovannino Ciccone Giovanni Abbate Daga Giulio Mengozzi Andrea Evangelista Antonella De Francesco Sara Belcastro Fabio Broglio 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2018,26(9):1422-1429
Objective
The usefulness of the rapid‐induction techniques of hypnosis as an adjunctive weight‐loss treatment has not been defined. This randomized controlled trial evaluated whether self‐conditioning techniques (self‐hypnosis) added to lifestyle interventions contributed to weight loss (primary outcome), changes in metabolic and inflammatory variables, and quality of life (QoL) improvement (secondary outcomes) in severe obesity.Methods
Individuals (with BMI = 35‐50 kg/m2) without organic or psychiatric comorbidity were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 60) or control arm (n = 60). All received exercise and behavioral recommendations and individualized diets. The intervention consisted of three hypnosis sessions, during which self‐hypnosis was taught to increase self‐control before eating. Diet, exercise, satiety, QoL, anthropometric measurements, and blood variables were collected and measured at enrollment and at 1 year (trial end).Results
A similar weight loss was observed in the intervention (?6.5 kg) and control (?5.6 kg) arms (β = ?0.45; 95% CI: ?3.78 to 2.88; P = 0.79). However, habitual hypnosis users lost more weight (?9.6 kg; β = ?10.2; 95% CI: ?14.2 to ?6.18; P < 0.001) and greatly reduced their caloric intake (?682.5 kcal; β = ?643.6; 95% CI: ?1064.0 to ?223.2; P = 0.005) in linear regression models. At trial end, the intervention arm showed lower C‐reactive protein values (β = ?2.55; 95% CI: ?3.80 to ?1.31; P < 0.001), higher satiety (β = 19.2; 95% CI: 7.71‐30.6; P = 0.001), and better QoL (β = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.02‐0.16; P = 0.01).Conclusions
Self‐hypnosis was not associated with differences in weight change but was associated with improved satiety, QoL, and inflammation. Indeed, habitual hypnosis users showed a greater weight loss.7.
Microparticle miRNAs as Biomarkers of Vascular Function and Inflammation Response to Aerobic Exercise in Obesity?
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Saloua Dimassi Esma Karkeni Pascal Laurant Zouhair Tabka Jean‐François Landrier Catherine Riva 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2018,26(10):1584-1593
Objective
This study aimed to explore the role of nine microRNAs (miRNAs) in microparticles (MPs) on the efficacy of aerobic exercise in the regulation of inflammation and vascular function in obesity.Methods
Sedentary women with normal weight (n = 6, BMI < 25 kg/m2) and women with obesity (n = 9, BMI > 30 kg/m2) were recruited at F. Hached Hospital (Sousse, Tunisia) and enrolled in an 8‐week aerobic program. Vascular function was assessed using laser Doppler flowmetry/iontophoresis, circulating MPs by flow cytometry, miRNAs by real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and inflammation by ELISA, before and after exercise.Results
Women with obesity presented with high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and a higher circulating MP level compared with healthy subjects. The MP miRNA profile was significantly different in the two groups. Exercise reduced BMI and inflammation in both groups and significantly improved endothelial‐dependent response (acetylcholine cutaneous vascular conductance) for healthy subjects, with a trend for women with obesity. Circulating MP level was increased after exercise, and miRNA expression was differentially modulated in both populations. Pearson analysis revealed a correlation between MPs miR‐124a and miR150 and adiponectin, TNFα, or IL‐6 levels.Conclusions
The relation between MPs and miRNA profile, inflammation, vascular function, and exercise is of particular interest for defining “miRNA biomarker signature” in patients with cardiovascular disease who are potentially susceptible to respond to exercise.8.
Dissemination of the Look AHEAD Intensive Lifestyle Intervention in the United States Military: A Randomized Controlled Trial
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Rebecca A. Krukowski Marion E. Hare Gerald W. Talcott Leslie A. Gladney Karen C. Johnson Phyllis A. Richey Mehmet Kocak Patrick L. Keller Ann Hryshko‐Mullen Robert C. Klesges 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2018,26(10):1558-1565
Objective
The purpose of this study, “Fit Blue,” was to compare a translation of the Look AHEAD (Action for Heath in Diabetes) intensive lifestyle intervention with a self‐paced version of the same intervention among active duty military personnel.Methods
Active duty military personnel (N = 248; 49% male, 34% racial minority) with overweight or obesity were randomized to 12‐month distance‐based (i.e., phone and email) parallel programs, counselor‐initiated (CI) condition or self‐paced (SP) condition, from 2014 to 2016. Trained lay interventionists were retired military personnel or had extensive familiarity with the military.Results
The CI condition had greater weight loss at 4 months (CI: mean ± SD = ?3.2 ± 3.4 kg; SP: ?0.6 ± 2.9 kg; P < 0.0001) and at 12 months (CI: mean ± SD = ?1.9 ± 4.1 kg; SP: ?0.1 ± 3.8 kg; P < 0.001). Participants in the CI condition also had a greater percent weight loss at both 4 months (CI: 3.5% ± 3.8, SP: 0.6% ± 3.1; P < 0.0001) and 12 months (CI: 2.1% ± 4.7, SP: 0.0% ± 4.0; P < 0.001). In addition, a greater proportion of CI participants lost 5% or more at 4 months (CI: 29.8%, SP: 10.5%; P < 0.001) and at 12 months (CI: 29.5%, SP: 15.6%; P < 0.05).Conclusions
The CI behavioral weight loss intervention translated from Look AHEAD was well received and is a promising approach for managing weight in an active duty military population.9.
Night Shift Work Before and During Pregnancy and Offspring Weight Outcomes Through Adolescence
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Susanne Strohmaier Elizabeth E. Devore Celine Vetter Stacey Missmer A. Heather Eliassen Bernard Rosner Janet Rich‐Edwards Alison E. Field Eva S. Schernhammer 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2018,26(9):1491-1500
Objective
This study aimed to investigate associations between maternal history of rotating night shift nursing work before pregnancy and number of night shifts worked during pregnancy with offspring weight outcomes from early life through adolescence.Methods
More than 4,000 children, enrolled in the second phase of the Growing Up Today Study between 2004 and 2013, and their mothers participating in the Nurses' Health Study II were included in our analyses.Results
Children of women with and without a history of rotating night shift work before pregnancy were similar in birth weight and body size at age 5. However, for mothers with night shift work before pregnancy, their children had a modestly elevated risk of having overweight or obesity (relative risk = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.02‐1.21), which was stronger for persistently having overweight or obesity during adolescence and early adulthood. Longer duration of rotating night shift work was not associated with any of these weight outcomes. Weight outcomes of children of women with versus without night shift work during pregnancy were similar, regardless of frequency of night shifts worked during pregnancy (all P > 0.09).Conclusions
Overall, nurses' night shift work before or during pregnancy did not affect offspring weight outcomes. Future larger studies should explore these associations in more detail.10.
Maternal High‐Fat Diet Effects on Adaptations to Metabolic Challenges in Male and Female Juvenile Nonhuman Primates
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Cadence True Tyler Dean Diana Takahashi Elinor Sullivan Paul Kievit 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2018,26(9):1430-1438
Objective
This study aimed to determine whether maternal high‐fat diet (HFD) consumption in nonhuman primates alters the ability of offspring to adapt metabolically to nutrient and caloric challenges.Methods
Offspring from Japanese macaque dams fed either a control (CTR) diet or HFD were weaned onto a CTR diet creating two groups: maternal HFD (mHFD, n = 18) and maternal CTR (mCTR) diet (n = 12). Male and female offspring were exposed to a 5‐day 30% calorie restriction and to a 35‐day HFD challenge (HFDC), at 16 and 24 months of age, respectively. Caloric intake, body weight, and energy expenditure were measured.Results
Offspring from both groups showed similar body weight, food intake, and metabolic adaptations to a 5‐day calorie restriction. mHFD offspring demonstrated increased food intake and early weight gain in response to a 35‐day HFDC; however, group differences in weight dissipated during the challenge. Unlike mCTR animals, the mHFD group had a significant increase in fasting insulin after acute HFD exposure.Conclusions
The current findings indicate that offspring exposed to an mHFD show metabolic adaptations to calorie restriction that are largely similar to those of offspring exposed to a mCTR diet but show delayed adaptation upon exposure to an acute HFDC.11.
Rebecca Kuriyan Sumithra Selvan Tinku Thomas Jayakumar Jayakumar Deepa P. Lokesh Mamatha P. Phillip Jini V. Aravind Anura V. Kurpad 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2018,26(10):1629-1636
Objective
This study aimed to generate age‐ and sex‐specific percentiles for body composition indices in children and to assess the variability in these indices, in relation to BMI.Methods
Anthropometry and body fat were measured with the BOD POD (Cosmed; Rome, Italy) in 9,702 children from Bangalore, India. Smoothed percentile curves using the lambda‐mu‐sigma method were obtained for BMI, fat‐free mass index (FFMI), fat mass index (FMI), and body fat percentage (% BF).Results
Percentile curves for % BF and FMI in boys increased from 6 to 12 years and declined from 13 years on, while in girls, it increased until 15 years. The FFMI percentile curves increased with age in both sexes. The mean FMI declined from 12 years on in boys, corresponding to a large increase in FFMI from that age, while in girls, both FMI and FFMI continued to increase. The 75th percentile of % BF and FMI had greater sensitivity to identify children with obesity.Conclusions
This study developed smoothed percentile curves for body composition in Indian children and suggests FMI and FFMI as good indicators of growth in children.12.
Phase II Feasibility Study of a Weight Loss Intervention in Female Breast and Colorectal Cancer Survivors (SWOG S1008)
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Heather Greenlee Danika L. Lew Dawn L. Hershman Vicky A. Newman Lisa Hansen Sheri J. Hartman Judith Korner Zaixing Shi Christine L. Sardo Molmenti Antoine Sayegh Lou Fehrenbacher Shelly Lo Jennifer Klemp Kristine Rinn John M. Robertson Joseph Unger Julie Gralow Kathy Albain Robert Krouse Carol Fabian 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2018,26(10):1539-1549
Objective
This study aimed to test the feasibility of a 12‐month weight loss intervention using telephone‐based counseling plus community‐situated physical activity (PA) in female breast cancer (BC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors.Methods
This multisite cooperative group study enrolled sedentary, female, postmenopausal BC and CRC survivors with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 to receive 12‐month fitness center memberships and telephone counseling encouraging 150 min/wk of PA and a 500‐kcal/ddecrease in energy intake. Feasibility criteria included accrual, adherence, and retention. Target weight loss was ≥ 5%.Results
Among 25 BC survivors, median baseline BMI was 37.2 (range: 27.7‐54.6), accrual occurred in 10 months, 60% and 28% met diet and exercise goals, 80% provided 12‐month measures, and average weight loss was 7.6% (95% CI: ?3.9%, 19.2%). Among 23 CRC survivors, median BMI was 31.8 (range: 26.4‐48.7), accrual occurred in 24 months, 61% and 17% met diet and exercise goals, 87% provided measures, and average weight loss was 2.5% (95% CI: ?8.2%, 13.3%).Conclusions
It is feasible to recruit and retain BC survivors in a cooperative group diet and PA weight loss trial. BC survivors achieved clinically meaningful weight loss but did not meet a priori adherence goals. In CRC survivors, recruitment was more difficult, and the intervention was less effective.13.
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction Occurs Independently of Obesity in Adipocyte‐Specific Oncostatin Receptor Knockout Mice
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Jacqueline M. Stephens Jennifer L. Bailey Hardy Hang Victoria Rittell Marilyn A. Dietrich Randall L. Mynatt Carrie M. Elks 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2018,26(9):1439-1447
Objective
This study examined the phenotypic effects of adipocyte‐specific oncostatin M receptor (OSMR) loss in chow‐fed mice.Methods
Chow‐fed adipocyte‐specific OSMR knockout (FKO) mice and littermate OSMRfl/fl controls were studied. Tissue weights, insulin sensitivity, adipokine production, and stromal cell immunophenotypes were assessed in epididymal fat (eWAT); serum adipokine production was also assessed. In vitro, adipocytes were treated with oncostatin M, and adipokine gene expression was assessed.Results
Body weights, fasting blood glucose levels, and eWAT weights did not differ between genotypes. However, the eWAT of OSMRFKO mice was modestly less responsive to insulin stimulation than that of OSMRfl/fl mice. Notably, significant increases in adipokines, including C‐reactive protein, lipocalin 2, intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, and insulinlike growth factor binding protein 6, were observed in the eWAT of OSMRFKO mice. In addition, significant increases in fetuin A and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 were detected in OSMRFKO serum. Flow cytometry revealed a significant increase in leukocyte number and modest, but not statistically significant, increases in B cells and T cells in the eWAT of OSMRFKO mice.Conclusions
The chow‐fed OSMRFKO mice exhibited adipose tissue dysfunction and increased proinflammatory adipokine production. These results suggest that intact adipocyte oncostatin M–OSMR signaling is necessary for adipose tissue immune cell homeostasis.14.
Oral Glucose Tolerance is Associated with Neuroelectric Indices of Attention Among Adults with Overweight and Obesity
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Grace M. Niemiro Sarah K. Skinner Anne M. Walk Caitlyn G. Edwards Michael De Lisio Hannah D. Holscher Nicholas A. Burd Naiman A. Khan 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2018,26(10):1550-1557
Objective
This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between glucose levels and insulin resistance and sensitivity obtained from oral glucose tolerance tests and neurophysiological indices of attention among adults with overweight and obesity.Methods
Forty adults with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) underwent dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry to assess visceral adipose tissue. Repeated venous blood samples were collected during an oral glucose tolerance test to measure insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance) and indices of insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index and Stumvoll metabolic clearance rate). Attention was assessed using event‐related brain potentials recorded during a visual oddball task. Amplitude and latency of the P3 wave form in a central‐parietal region of interest were used to index attentional resource allocation and information processing speed.Results
Following adjustment for visceral adipose tissue, reduced values of Matsuda index and Stumvoll metabolic clearance rate (indicating poor insulin sensitivity) were correlated with longer peak latency, whereas insulin area under the curve was positively related to peak latency, indicating slower information processing. Individuals with decreased insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index < 4.3) had significantly longer P3 latencies compared with individuals with normal insulin sensitivity.Conclusions
Higher fasting glucose, but not homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and reduced indices of glucose sensivity are associated with decrements in attention characterized by slower reaction time and slower information processing speed among adults with overweight and obesity.15.
Kristine M. Molina Mayra L. Estrella Noemi Rivera‐Olmedo Christine Frisard Stephenie Lemon Milagros C. Rosal 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2018,26(9):1474-1480
Objective
Evidence suggests discrimination increases the risk of obesity. The biopsychosocial model of racism posits that psychological factors such as depressive symptoms may link experiences of perceived interpersonal discrimination to obesity. This study tested whether self‐reported experiences of everyday discrimination were associated with adiposity indicators and whether depressive symptoms explained these associations.Methods
Cross‐sectional survey data of 602 Latino adults living in Lawrence, Massachusetts, from the Latino Health and Well‐being Project (2011‐2013) were used. Participants completed questionnaires assessing perceived everyday discrimination and depressive symptoms. Anthropometric measures (i.e., BMI and waist circumference [WC]) were obtained by trained staff. Structural equation modeling was employed to test for direct and indirect effects of perceived everyday discrimination on adiposity.Results
Perceived everyday discrimination was directly and positively associated with higher BMI and WC, independent of sociodemographic factors, physical activity, and stressful life events. Perceived everyday discrimination was not indirectly associated with BMI and WC through depressive symptoms. However, perceived everyday discrimination was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms.Conclusions
Self‐reported everyday discrimination among Latino adults is associated with adiposity. Day‐to‐day interpersonal discrimination may be implicated in obesity disparities for Latino adults.16.
Sunyue Ye Chaonan Zhu Chen Wei Min Yang Weifang Zheng Da Gan Shankuan Zhu 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2018,26(10):1644-1650
Objective
The present study investigated the associations of body composition, including skeletal muscle and fat mass, with blood pressure (BP) and hypertension.Methods
Data from 3,130 participants aged 18 to 80 years were analyzed. Body composition and total skeletal muscle (TSM) were measured or calculated based on dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations of TSM, body fat percentage, android to gynoid fat ratio, and leg and arm lean body mass (LBM) with BP and hypertension. The Wald test was used to estimate the differences in the coefficients.Results
TSM indices, body fat percentage, and android to gynoid fat ratio were significantly associated with higher odds ratio for prehypertension and hypertension, except for TSM/weight, after controlling for potential confounders. The standardized beta coefficients of arm LBM indices for systolic and diastolic BP were higher than relevant indices of leg LBM.Conclusions
Different indices of TSM, especially in arm LBM, were all positively associated with elevated BP, prehypertension, and hypertension in Chinese adults, after considering potential confounding factors, including body fat and fat distribution. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm our findings.17.
Guowei Wang Yuan Ru Chao Huang Jie Lin Liang Zhang Zhuoxian Meng Shankuan Zhu 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2018,26(10):1637-1643
Objective
This study was undertaken to investigate the associations of platelet indices with body fat, including body fat mass and fat distribution.Methods
A total of 3,327 individuals aged 18 to 80 were enrolled. Body fat was assessed by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry. Blood samples were collected to measure platelet indices (platelet count [PLT], plateletcrit [PCT], mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, and platelet large cell ratio). Adjusted multivariate linear regression models were used to identify the associations of platelet indices with body fat.Results
PLT was positively associated with BMI, waist circumference, waist‐hip ratio, total fat mass percentage, trunk fat mass percentage, android fat mass percentage, and android to gynoid fat ratio but negatively associated with gynoid fat mass percentage, total lean mass percentage, and skeletal muscle mass index. Similar associations were found between PCT and body fat. However, no significant associations were found between the other three platelet indices and body fat.Conclusions
Both PLT and PCT were associated with body fat, and the associations depended on fat location. Because PCT is mainly influenced by PLT, these associations suggest that platelet quantity is more closely related to body fat mass and fat distribution.18.
The Mediating Role of Sleep Quality and Quantity in the Link Between Food Insecurity and Obesity Across Race and Ethnicity
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Marie‐Rachelle Narcisse Christopher R. Long Holly Felix Brett Rowland Zoran Bursac Pearl A. McElfish 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2018,26(9):1509-1518
Objective
The objective of the study was to examine the mediating role of sleep quality and quantity in the relationship between food insecurity and obesity across races/ethnicities.Methods
Bivariate negative binomial regression and multinomial logistic regression were used to examine direct associations between food insecurity and sleep quality and quantity among non‐Hispanic Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islanders (NHPI) relative to non‐Hispanic White, Black, Asian, and Hispanic individuals with obesity. The potential outcomes approach and adjusted Wald test were used to explore the mediating role of sleep quality and quantity and the moderating role of race/ethnicity, respectively.Results
Among adults with obesity, the study found a positive and direct relationship between food insecurity and trouble falling asleep in each racial/ethnic group. Trouble staying asleep was associated with food insecurity in each racial/ethnic group, except in the Asian group. Positive and direct associations were observed between food insecurity and short/very short sleep. A positive and direct relationship was found between food insecurity and having obesity in each racial/ethnic group, except in the Black group. Sleep quality and sleep quantity partially mediated the relationship between food insecurity and obesity in non‐Hispanic NHPI, White, Asian, and Hispanic individuals. Race/ethnicity moderated the indirect effects of food insecurity on sleep quality and quantity.Conclusions
Food security and sleep hygiene should be an integral part of the fight against obesity.19.
Adiposity and Diabetes Risk in Adults with Prediabetes: Heterogeneity of Findings Depending on Age and Anthropometric Measure
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Carolina Giráldez‐García Josep Franch‐Nadal F. Javier Sangrós Antonio Ruiz Francisco Carramiñana Albert Goday Mercè Villaró F. Javier García‐Soidán Rosario Serrano Enrique Regidor the PREDAPS Study Group 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2018,26(9):1481-1490
Objective
The study aimed to evaluate the effect of age on diabetes incidence by general and central adiposity after 3‐year follow‐up in adults with prediabetes.Methods
Data were taken from a cohort of 1,184 subjects with prediabetes included in The Cohort Study in Primary Health Care on the Evolution of Patients with Prediabetes (PREDAPS). General adiposity was defined using body mass index (BMI), and central adiposity was defined with waist circumference and waist to height ratio. Data were analyzed by age groups 30 to 59 and 60 to 74 years. The association between adiposity and diabetes incidence was assessed using hazard ratios (HR).Results
Adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyles, and metabolic parameters, diabetes HR for central adiposity based on the waist circumference clinical cutoff were 2.14 (1.12‐4.09) and 1.48 (0.80‐2.74) for people aged 30 to 59 and 60 to 74 years, respectively. In the model additionally adjusted for BMI, diabetes HR were 2.65 (1.24‐5.65) and 1.33 (0.68‐2.59), respectively. The use of a 1‐SD increase rather than cutoff points did not alter this pattern. Similar findings were observed with central adiposity based on waist to height ratio.Conclusions
The association of central adiposity with type 2 diabetes incidence was lower for people in the older age group than for those in the younger age group.20.
How Accurate are Recalls of Self‐Weighing Frequency? Data from a 24‐Month Randomized Trial
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Melissa M. Crane Kara Gavin Julian Wolfson Jennifer A. Linde 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2018,26(8):1296-1302