槲皮素对氧化应激大鼠肝细胞氨基酸代谢的影响

通过检测原代培养的大鼠肝细胞培养液中18种氨基酸含量的变化情况,探讨槲皮素对氧化应激大鼠肝细胞氨基酸代谢的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,槲皮素组氨基酸质量浓度无明显变化;H2O2组、槲皮素+H2O2组培养液中丙氨酸、蛋氨酸和组氨酸的质量浓度显著减少(P<0.05),而牛磺酸的质量浓度显著增加(P<0.05),上述变化槲皮素+H2O2组较H2O2组更明显,槲皮素+H2O2组M et和H is的质量浓度显著低于H2O2组(P<0.05)。说明槲皮素可影响氧化应激肝细胞某些氨基酸,尤其是含硫氨基酸的代谢。这种影响可能是槲皮素抗氧化应激作用的机制之一。     

槲皮素对脂质代谢的影响研究进展

槲皮素是最常见的黄酮类化合物之一,广泛存在于水果、蔬菜之中,具有多种生物学功能。近年来的体内外试验研究结果显示,槲皮素对脂质代谢有调节作用,具体表现为抑制胆固醇生物合成、降低甘油三酯、游离脂肪酸、低密度脂蛋白与极低密度脂蛋白水平,升高高密度脂蛋白水平,防止脂质过氧化和脂质蓄积。     

槲皮素代谢的研究进展

槲皮素（quercetin)及其衍生物是膳食成分中最常见的类黄酮物质之一,也是一些中草药的有效成分,具有清除自由基,抑制炎症反应,抗癌防癌等多种生物活性,日益成为国内外研究的热点,本文综述了近几年国外有关槲皮素及其衍生物代谢方面的研究,包括其吸收形式,吸收部位和吸收机制,以及在体内各器官的转化,运输和排泄等。     

长期缺硒对大鼠血浆氨基酸的影响

目的：探讨长期缺硒对大鼠血浆氨基酸的影响。方法：选取20只SPF级3 w龄雄性断乳Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为2组：对照组喂养正常饲粮（0.18 mg Se/kg）、缺硒组喂养低硒饲粮（0.02 mg Se/kg）。应用L-8900氨基酸分析仪检测血浆氨基酸水平。结果：第300天缺硒组大鼠血浆磷酸丝氨酸、牛磺酸、天门冬氨酸含量显著降低;第532天缺硒组大鼠血浆丝氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、组氨酸含量显著升高,甘氨酸含量显著降低。结论：长期缺硒引起大鼠氨基酸代谢发生显著变化。     

急性热暴露对人体氨基酸代谢影响的初步研究

热环境对蛋白质代谢有较大影响,汗氮丢失与氮平衡有直接关系。国外一些研究表明,氨基酸在汗液丢失氮中占有相当的比例。国内有关这方面的资料并不多见。为了探索炎热环境下人体蛋白质代谢的某些特点,本实验对此进行了初步研究。     

支链氨基酸对运动大鼠氨基酸代谢和运动能力的影响

观察了支链氨基酸(BCAA)对大鼠运动能力和血清游离氨基酸代谢的影响。实验用21只雄性wistar大鼠,随机分为3组:正常组、游泳对照组和游泳补充BCAA组。2个运动组每天游泳训练1h,10天后游泳6h,观察补充BCAA对大鼠游泳运动能力和血清游离氨基酸水平的影响。实验结果表明,补充BCAA可明显提高大鼠游泳存活率,抑制血清中必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸和总氨基酸水平升高,游泳运动后大鼠的血清中乳酸和LDH的升高幅度有所降低,抑制骨骼肌LDH活力的下降。说明补充BCAA可明显提高大鼠的运动能力,减少运动造成的蛋白质分解     

喂食槲皮素对Ⅰ型糖尿病大鼠的生化及血浆代谢组学研究

目的：探究喂食槲皮素对链脲佐菌素诱导的Ⅰ型糖尿病大鼠的治疗效果及引起的代谢通路变化。方法：采用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素60 mg/kg建立Ⅰ型糖尿病大鼠模型,随机分为模型（T1DM）组、槲皮素低剂量（T1DM+QUE(25)）组、槲皮素高剂量（T1DM+QUE(50)）组。治疗组给予相应浓度的槲皮素（mg/kg）,正常对照组（Normal）与T1DM组给予与治疗组相应体积的空白溶剂,持续喂养8周后收集血样进行乙酰乙酸、糖化血红蛋白、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、血脂等检测,收集肌肉组织样品检测糖原合成酶水平。并以LC-MSMS进行血浆代谢组学分析。结果：与T1DM组相比,T1DM+QUE(50)组血浆中的乙酰乙酸、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶水平显著降低（P<0.05）,脂蛋白脂酶、总抗氧化能力水平显著上升（P<0.05）,其水平相较T1DM组更接近Normal组,而糖化血红蛋白、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、低密度脂蛋白、总胆固醇水平也有一定改善,但不显著;肌肉中的糖原合成酶蛋白表达亦有显著改善（P<0.05）。代谢组学分析结果显示槲皮素喂食主要干预鞘脂的代谢与合成、类固醇激素生物合成、视黄醇代谢、花生...     

肿瘤中甲硫氨酸代谢及其相关基因的表达调控

甲硫氨酸(methionine)作为人体必需氨基酸,生理功能多样,在肿瘤代谢重编程过程中具有重要意义。研究发现,多种肿瘤细胞对外源性甲硫氨酸存在依赖性,该效应被称为Hoffman效应。在人体内,甲硫氨酸经甲硫氨酸循环代谢,参与一碳单位代谢、叶酸循环,以及多胺、谷胱甘肽、半胱氨酸和核苷酸等多种物质的合成。肿瘤中常出现甲硫氨酸代谢的改变,并伴随甲硫氨酸代谢相关酶基因表达的异常,其中以甲硫氨酸腺苷转移酶(methionine adenosyltransferase, MAT)相关基因表达改变及甲硫腺苷磷酸化酶(methylthioadenosine phosphorylase,MTAP)基因的缺失最为常见,二者可分别引起甲硫氨酸循环及甲硫氨酸补救合成途径的异常,进而导致甲基供体S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(S-adenosylmethionine, SAM)的生成减少和甲硫腺苷(methylthioadenosine, MTA)的堆积,其与肿瘤的发生、发展和转移等活动密切相关。由甲硫氨酸的代谢改变和代谢酶的基因表达异常,分别衍生出2种不同的治疗策略,即甲硫氨酸限制疗法和靶向治疗。本文将从甲硫氨酸代谢出发,阐述肿瘤中甲硫氨酸依懒性、肿瘤细胞MAT和MTAP相关基因的表达调控,并概述甲硫氨酸相关肿瘤治疗方案的新进展与新问题,为肿瘤治疗方案的进一步探索提供新思路。     

氨基酸转运体在肿瘤代谢中的研究进展

代谢重编程是肿瘤的重要特征,是指肿瘤细胞为满足其快速增殖的生物合成与能量需求,对其糖代谢、脂代谢以及氨基酸代谢等代谢路径进行的重编程,以维持增长速度以及补偿能量代谢所造成的氧化还原压力。虽然不同的癌症代谢变化不同,但有些特征是所有癌症共有的,氨基酸代谢重编程是其中一个重要的特征。氨基酸进出细胞需要氨基酸转运体的协助,因而在肿瘤细胞中多种特定的氨基酸转运体均过表达。靶向氨基酸转运体通过影响肿瘤细胞的氨基酸代谢从而达到抗肿瘤的目的,是目前抗肿瘤药物的研究热点之一。主要介绍了几种在肿瘤代谢中发挥重要作用的氨基酸转运体以及靶向氨基酸转运体抗肿瘤治疗的研究进展及相关作用机制,旨在了解氨基酸转运体在抗肿瘤研究中的作用,以期促进靶向氨基酸转运体抗肿瘤药物的发展。     

Ontogenetic Study of the Effects of Energetic Nutrients on Amino Acid Metabolism of Rat Cerebral Cortex

We studied the effect of various energetic nutrients on metabolism of l-[U-¹⁴C]leucine and [1–¹⁴C]glycine in cerebral cortex of rats at different ages. At gestational age, glucose and lactate stimulated protein synthesis from l-[U-¹⁴C]leucine and [1–¹⁴C]glycine and from l-[U-¹⁴C]leucine, respectively; glucose, -OH-butyrate and lactate stimulated lipid synthesis from l-[U-¹⁴C]leucine. At 10 days of age, glucose, mannose, and fructose stimulated protein synthesis, and glucose and mannose stimulated oxidation to CO₂ as well as lipid synthesis from l-[U-¹⁴C]leucine. In adult rats, glucose, mannose, and fructose stimulated protein synthesis from l-[U-¹⁴C]leucine and [1–¹⁴C]glycine; glutamine also markedly decreased the oxidation of l-[U-¹⁴C]leucine and [1–¹⁴C]glycine in 10–day-old and adult rats.     

高蛋氨酸饲料喂养的大鼠高同型半胱氨酸血症模型的实验研究

探讨高蛋氨酸饲料诱导高同型半胱氨酸血症的适应剂量及其对相关代谢的影响.选择质量分数1%、2%和3%蛋氨酸饲料喂饲大鼠,高压液相色谱法测定血清同型半胱氨酸、半胱氨酸和还原形谷胱甘肽含量.结果表明饲料中1%蛋氨酸可以使血清同型半胱氨酸水平升高且无生长抑制等毒副作用,2%和3%蛋氨酸饲料喂养大鼠后出现摄食量减少和生长抑制等毒...     

氨基酸代谢与肝性脑病

肝性脑病 (HepaticEncephalopathy)又称肝昏迷 ,即由于严重肝病引起的中枢神经系统功能紊乱 ,患者出现一系列神经精神病状 ,直至进入昏迷。在此仅从氨基酸代谢异常的角度叙述与肝性脑病的关系。     

Anaerobic Amino Acid Metabolism

Anoxic stress induces a strong change in sugar, protein, and amino acid metabolism in higher plants. Sugars are rapidly consumed through the anaerobic glycolysis to sustain energy production. Protein degradation under anoxia is a mechanism to release free amino acids contributing in this way to maintaining the osmotic potential of the tissue under stress. Among free amino acids, a particular role is played by glutamic acid, being a precursor of some characteristic compounds of the anaerobic metabolism (alanine, -aminobutyric acid, and putrescine). The glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase cycle contributes to ammonia reassimilation and primary assimilation of nitrate, and resynthesizes constantly glutamate for the synthesis of other compounds. Some polypeptides involved in these pathways are expressed under anoxia. The importance of amino acid metabolism for the response to anaerobic stress is discussed.     

Reconstruction of Pathways Associated with Amino Acid Metabolism in Human Mitochondria

We have used a bioinformatics approach for the identification and reconstruction of metabolic pathways associated with amino acid metabolism in human mitochon- dria. Human mitochondrial proteins determined by experimental and computa- tional methods have been superposed on the reference pathways from the KEGG database to identify mitochondrial pathways. Enzymes at the entry and exit points for each reconstructed pathway were identified, and mitochondrial solute carrier proteins were determined where applicable. Intermediate enzymes in the mito- chondrial pathways were identified based on the annotations available from public databases, evidence in current literature, or our MITOPRED program, which pre- dicts the mitochondrial localization of proteins. Through integration of the data derived from experimental, bibliographical, and computational sources, we recon- structed the amino acid metabolic pathways in human mitochondria, which could help better understand the mitochondrial metabolism and its role in human health.     

Amino Acid Metabolism in Rat Hippocampus During the Period of Brain Growth Spurt

We studied protein synthesis, lipid synthesis and CO₂ production by oxidation of glycine, alanine and leucine by slices of rat hippocampus during the period of brain growth spurt. The metabolism of the three amino acids decreased with the age of the animals, A major reduction was observed in protein synthesis, which was 4 times higher at 7 days of age than at 21 days of age for all amino acids studied. Glycine oxidation to CO₂ was twice as high as alanine oxidation and ten times higher than leucine oxidation. The major pathway of leucine utilization was incorporation into proteins. Glycine was the amino acid that had the highest metabolic rate.     

氨基酸对于Monascus ruber生物合成Monacolin K影响的研究

在Monacolin K发酵中添加氨基酸后发现较高质量浓度的氨基酸高度抑制了Monacolin K的产量。0.1 g.L-1的D-甲硫氨酸在发酵第4 d添加可以提高产量30%以上,而L-甲硫氨酸则没有此功能,D,L-甲硫氨酸因D-甲硫氨酸的关系也有一定的增产效果。以甲硫氨酸代替蛋白胨作为主要氮源,则抑制了polyketide途径的前期步骤,因此严重抑制了色素及Monacolin K的生产。另外,发现1 g.L-1的L-苯丙氨酸的添加时间越早越有利于Monacolin K的生产,在起始时添加发酵单位可达135.9 mg.L-1,可能是因为L-苯丙氨酸经过脱氨后,可以进入polyketide途径从而促进了Monacolin K的生产。