共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Charles Susanne 《Journal of human evolution》1985,14(4):357-370
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Objective: The prevalence of childhood obesity has been rising during the past decades in many parts of the world, including Greece. The dispersion of these trends across age, however, is less clear. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between age and 20‐year changes in anthropometric characteristics of Greek boys. Research Methods and Procedures: A total of 204 and 106 boys 9 years old, 163 and 274 boys 12 years old, and 161 and 240 boys 15 years old were randomly recruited in 1982 and 2002, respectively, throughout the county of Iraklio, Crete, Greece. Height, weight, and BMI were measured. Results: Contemporary 9 and 12 year olds were taller than their peers in 1982 (+2.9% and +1.2%, respectively; p < 0.005), but this was not the case for 15 year olds (?0.8%; p = 0.083). Body weight and BMI were higher now than in the 1980s, and this held true for all age groups (p < 0.001). Increases in weight also showed a decline with advancing age (+17.4%, +13.9%, and +4.0% for 9, 12, and 15 year olds, respectively), whereas BMI changes were similar for those 9 and 12 years of age (～10.5%), but were almost 2‐fold higher than in 15 year olds (+5.5%). Discussion: Contemporary boys are taller, heavier, and have higher BMI values than their peers in 1982, but the magnitude of these increases gradually declines with advancing age. Rates of increase in BMI, however, seem to have greatly accelerated compared with previous decades. 相似文献
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Daniel J. Wescott Deborah L. Cunningham David R. Hunt 《American journal of physical anthropology》2014,154(4):512-524
Average femoral torsion has been reported to differ among populations, and several studies have observed a relatively high prevalence of femoral anteversion asymmetry in Native Americans, especially females. This study investigates sexual dimorphism and temporal trends in femoral torsional asymmetry among the Arikara from the seventeenth to the early nineteenth century. To establish if there are population differences, femoral torsion was first measured using a direct method on a diverse comparative sample of Native Americans from the Southwest, Midwest, and Great Plains as well as American Whites and Blacks. To examine temporal trends among the Arikara, femoral torsion was examined using the orientation of the maximum bending rigidity at subtrochanteric in 154 females and 164 males from three temporal variants of the Arikara Coalescent tradition. There is significant sexual dimorphism in femoral torsional directional and absolute asymmetry among most Native American samples, but not among American Whites and Blacks. Among the Arikara there is significant sexual dimorphism in femoral torsional asymmetry in all three temporal variants, and asymmetry in femoral torsional asymmetry increased significantly from the protohistoric to the early historic period among females. The increased femoral torsional asymmetry is likely associated with a common side‐sitting posture observed in historic photographs of Great Plains females. Historic Arikara females may have habitually sat in this compulsory position for extended periods while conducting domestic chores. The dramatic change from the protohistoric to historic period suggests a cultural change in sitting posture among females that was widespread across the Northern Plains. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:512–524, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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Anthropometric dimensions of 1520 students of Biology at University of Athens in Greece were analysed to determine secular changes of height and body proportions during a 20 year period. Since, 1970, means of standing height, subischial length, and cormic index have been increased, although the rate of increase from 1986 to 1990 has been rather slow. On the contrary the mean sitting height is stable, and cormic/ subischial index have been declined during the same period. There are no data for comparing this sample with the general population, but we suppose that these changes in the body formation is common as a result of the modern way of life. 相似文献
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Hanne Bendixen Claus Holst Thorkild I.A. Srensen Anne Raben Else Marie Bartels Arne Astrup 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2004,12(9):1464-1472
Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the secular trends in the prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) and overweight (25.0 ≤ BMI < 30.0 kg/m2) in Danish adults between 1987 and 2001. Research Methods and Procedures: The study included self‐reported weight and height of 10, 094 men and 9897 women 16 to 98 years old, collected in a series of seven independent cross‐sectional surveys. Prevalence and changes in prevalence of obesity and overweight stratified by sex and age groups were determined Results: The prevalence of obesity more than doubled between 1987 and 2001, in men from 5.6% to 11.8% [odds ratio (OR) = 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.9 to 2.8, p < 0.0001] and in women from 5.4% to 12.5% (OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 2.1 to 3.2, p < 0.0001), with the largest increase among the 16‐ to 29‐year‐old subjects (men, from 0.8% to 7.5%, OR = 10.2, 95% CI = 4.1 to 25.3, p < 0.0001; women, from 1.4% to 9.0% OR = 7.0, 95% CI = 3.5 to 14.1, p < 0.0001). Between 1987 and 2001, the prevalence of overweight increased from 34% to 40% in men and from 17% to 27% in women. Discussion: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Denmark has increased substantially between 1987 and 2001, particularly among young adults, a development that resembles that of other countries. There is clearly a need for early preventive efforts in childhood to limit the number of obesity‐related complications in young adults. 相似文献
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Objective: Our aim was to examine whether secular trends in childhood overweight and obesity during five decades could be explained by economic growth. Research Methods and Procedures: Annual measurements of height and weight were available for all children born between 1930 and 1983 attending primary school in the Copenhagen Municipality: 165,389 boys and 163,609 girls from the age of 7 through 13 years. After computerization, we calculated BMI (kg/m2) and estimated the prevalence of overweight and obesity, according to international age‐ and gender‐specific criteria, by year of birth and of measurement, and separately by each age group and gender. Economic growth was indicated by the Gross National Product and the overall consumption per capita, adjusted for inflation. Results: The prevalence of overweight occurred in phases: an increase from 1930 until the 1950s, followed by a plateau period between the 1950s and the 1960s and a steep increase thereafter. This pattern was apparent across all age groups and in both genders. Obesity trends showed a similar phase pattern; the prevalence remained relatively stable from 1930 until the 1940s, increased until the mid‐1950s, followed by a plateau until 1965, and thereafter a second steep increase. Obesity trends were similar among boys across all age groups, although only among girls from 11 to 13 years of age. In both genders, increments were most pronounced in the upper BMI percentiles. After stagnation until 1947, the economic growth indicators showed a steady increase; i.e., after the first increase started in overweight and obesity, whether analyzed by year of birth or year of measurement, there were no indications of phases in the rise thereafter. Discussion: Prevalence of overweight and obesity among Danish children rose in phases, which were not paralleled by trends in economic growth. The macroeconomic growth indicators seem inappropriate as proxies for the environmental exposures that have elicited the obesity epidemic. 相似文献
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Maria P. Dore Giovanni M. Pes Giovanni Sferlazzo Giuseppina Marras Gabrio Bassotti 《Helicobacter》2016,21(6):575-580
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Antti Kilpeläinen Heli Peltola Ismo Rouvinen Seppo Kellomäki 《Trees - Structure and Function》2006,20(1):16-27
The aim of this study was to analyse and model the effects of elevated temperature and carbon dioxide concentration on daily height growth of 20-year-old Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.). The trees were grown with a low nitrogen supply in closed chambers with a factorial combination of two temperature regimes (ambient and elevated) and two carbon dioxide concentrations (ambient and twice ambient). The temperature elevation corresponded to the predicted increase at the site after a doubling in atmospheric CO2. The height growth of Scots pines was first empirically studied in terms of its onset, cessation and duration, and the allocation of daily height growth within the growing period in 2000 and 2001, and then a model predicting daily height growth as a function of daily temperature and temperature sum was developed. The empirical results showed elevated temperature to be the dominant variable explaining variation in daily height growth. Elevated temperature also hastened both the onset and cessation of height growth, and the temperature sums for both of them were higher in the elevated than in the ambient temperature treatments. The daily variation in height growth could also be explained by the daily mean temperature in the model. Elevated CO2 concentration had no effect on the onset, cessation or duration of height growth. The amount of height growth was not affected by any of the treatments. 相似文献
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Bruns W Bruce M Prescott G Maffulli N 《American journal of physical anthropology》2002,119(3):224-230
We measured how much the radius of the anterior curvature and the length of the femoral shaft of cadaveric bones have changed from medieval to recent times. Around 20 (x, y) coordinates of a virtual coordinate system were measured at intervals of 1.5 cm along the shaft of the femur to calculate one single radius of a virtual circle in the (x, y) plane. The median radii of curvature were 119, 141, and 158 cm for medieval, early, and late 20th century femora, respectively. Early and late 20th century femora were of similar length (45 cm), but medieval femora were shorter (43.5 cm). Femora have become not only longer but also straighter since the Middle Ages. These findings account in part for the increase in height of modern generations. Size and shape changes may have significant implications for the biomechanical response of the femur to the forces to which it is subjected in everyday life, in trauma, and following surgical intervention. 相似文献
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H V Meredith 《American journal of physical anthropology》1976,44(2):315-325
Studies conducted during the past century in Australia, Canada, Japan, Norway and the United States indicate that the magnitude of secular increase in mean height rose with advancing age from childhood to mid-adolescence. Comparisons for a period approximating two-thirds of a century yield average increases in mean height of 12.2 cm for female youths age 12 years, and 12.5 cm for male youths age 14 years; for the same calendar span, the amount of secular increase in mean height declines from mid-adolescence to early adulthood. Comparisons of Belgian females, spanning a period approximating 130 years, yield increases in mean height of 18.1 cm at age 12 years, 11.9 cm at age 16 years, and 3.7 cm in early adulthood. For a period of 90 years, increases obtained on United States White males are 14.8 cm at age 14 years, 8.8 cm at age 17 years, and 5.3 cm in early adulthood. These and other displayed findings show clearly that the search for causes of secular change should take particular account of a phenomenon widespread among human populations, i.e., the phenomenon of childhood and early adolescent growth in body height proceeding at a faster pace in recent decades than about a century ago. 相似文献
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Lin Wansheng; Xiao Jianwen; Ye Gongshao 《人类学学报》1989,8(04):355
This paper reported growth secular trend in Chinese Han nationality children in twelve cities, including Beijing, Tianjin, Jinan, Harbin, Shenyang, Changchun, Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Chengdu. The majority of children's age were from 7 to 18. From 1950' till now, growth secular trend in Han nationality children was obvious. During the last 30 years, the average body height increase was 2.66 (boys) and 2.4 (girls) cm and body weight increase was 1.64 (boys) and 1.14 (girls) kg in each decade. The differences of increase level were shown in each of the three decades and the largest increase value was in the last decade. The increase value at period of growth spurt was higher than other ages. Age at peak height velocity was 1 to 2 years earlier than before in most of the cities, from 1930' up to present, the growth secular trend also was obvious in Beijing, Nanjing, Shanghai, Guangchou and Hangzhou. During the last half century, height increased 1.12 -2.66cm in boys and 1.42-2.67 cm in girls and weight increased 0.56-1.27 kg in boys and 0.65-1.18kg in girls in each decade. 相似文献
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中国汉族儿童生长的长期趋势 总被引：17，自引：10，他引：17
本文报告了中国北京、天津、济南、哈尔滨、沈阳、长春、上海、南京、杭州、武汉、广州及成都等12个城市汉族7—18岁儿童生长的长期趋势。 50年代至今,汉族儿童生长的长期趋势是明显的,30年来同年龄儿童身高每10年增长2.66(男)、2.40(女)厘米,体重每10年增长1.64(男)、1.14(女)公斤,近10年来的增长最为显著。生长突增高峰年龄大都提前1—2年。北京、上海、南京、广州、杭州等五所城市自30年代至今,生长长期趋势也是明显的,半个世纪来,每10年增长值,男童身高为1.12—2.66厘米,体重为0.56—1.29公斤,女童身高为1.42—2.67厘米,体重为0.65—1.18公斤。 相似文献
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Susi Rugholm Jennifer L. Baker Lina W. Olsen Lene Schack‐Nielsen Jenny Bua Thorkild I. A. Srensen 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2005,13(12):2187-2194
Objective: To assess whether changes in the birth weight distribution or changes in the association of birth weight with the later risk of childhood overweight have contributed to the development of the obesity epidemic. Research Methods and Procedures: A Danish population‐based cohort study of 124,615 girls and 128,346 boys (ages 6 to 13 years), born between 1936 and 1983, were studied. Birth weight and annual measurements of height and weight were obtained from school health records. Overweight was defined by BMI in relation to internationally accepted criteria. The relative risk of being overweight by birth weight was calculated separately for each age, sex, and time period. Results: The birth weight distribution remained relatively stable over time. Compared with children with a birth weight of 3.0 to 3.5 kg, the risk of overweight increased consistently with each increase in birth weight category among girls and boys and at all ages between 6 and 13 years. Furthermore, the association between birth weight and increased risk of overweight in childhood remained stable across a 48‐year period. Discussion: The increase in the prevalence of overweight could not be explained by time trends in the distribution of birth weight or by changes in the association between birth weight and the later risk of overweight over time. This implies that, unless the prenatal environment influences the later risk of overweight without increasing birth weight, the environmental influences contributing to the obesity epidemic in children of school age operate in the early postnatal period. 相似文献
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运用树木年轮气候学方法,研究原始阔叶红松林分布区内白石砬子自然保护区(40.9° N)、长白山自然保护区(42.4° N)、凉水自然保护区(47.2° N)和胜山自然保护区(49.4° N)4个纬度样地的2个径级红松径向生长对气候变化的响应,分析不同径级红松对气候因子响应的异同,以及影响不同纬度红松径向生长的关键气候因子,探讨气候变化显著的40多年中红松径向生长的变化动态.结果表明: 2个径级红松对气候因子的响应具有很大的相似性,但是小径级(胸径为10～20 cm)红松对当年生长季的平均最低气温以及上一年的气候因子更敏感,而大径级(胸径>40 cm)红松对当年生长季的平均最高气温和平均相对湿度更敏感.影响4个纬度样地红松径向生长的关键气候因子存在一定差异:在最南端的白石砬子自然保护区是当年生长季的季均气温和季均最高气温;最北端的胜山自然保护区是低温因子,包括所有季节的平均最低气温、冬季的平均最高气温,以及除上一年生长季末期和当年生长季以外所有季节的平均气温;中间纬度的长白山自然保护区是当年生长季和生长季末期的帕尔默干旱指数(PDSI)和当年生长季的降水量;凉水自然保护区是当年生长季的平均气温.在气温不断上升的40多年,最南端的2个径级红松径向生长均显著下降,最北端均显著上升,中间2个纬度样地变化均不显著. 相似文献