医院科研管理信息化建设研究与实践

信息系统建设有助于提升医院科研管理水平。从科研项目管理、科研经费管理、科研物资管理、科研资源共享、科研绩效管理等方面对医院科研管理信息化发展方向进行了探讨。北京大学人民医院构建了科研管理信息系统,并与医院资源管理系统集成,促进了科研项目的全过程精细化管理。     

我院加强科研管理工作的实践与体会

分析了医院科研管理中存在的主要问题,从科研管理人员管理创新、健全科研经费管理制度、创新人才培养机制、完善科研激励机制入手,加强医院科研管理工作,提高了医院的科研水平。     

The Politics of Egalitarianism: Theory and Practice

The Politics of Egalitarianism: Theory and Practice . Jacqueline Solway, ed. New York: Berghahn, 2006. 260 pp.     

Fragile Castles: The Paradox of Research Politics,Scientific Progress,and the Mutation of Medical Knowledge

This paper is based on fieldwork done from 1996-1999 in different locations among village communities from Central Anatolia afflicted with the deadly malignancy of mesothelioma. Medical research has long established the relationship between mesothelioma and the environment; yet in earlier work correlations deduced through my genealogies provide evidence of a possible genetic cofactor causing these cancer deaths. This paper illustrates how medical research becomes an arena for local and global political interests and how the disruption of the doctor-cancer patient relationship impedes medical research. Methods include illness and clinical narratives, kinship charts and pedigrees, and observation of involved doctors and patients in multiple sites and geographical locations. Under focus are the anthropologist's involvement in global biomedical research and her interconnectedness with its political events.     

科学构建生命科学类专业实践教学体系的研究与实践

实践教学是生命科学类专业教学的重要组成部分和关键环节,对培养生命科学各专业人才起到至关重要的作用,构建科学、完善的实践教学体系是生命科学类专业人才培养的重要保障。探讨了生命科学类专业实践教学体系的构建,其中包括生命科学类专业实践教学改革的主要内容、实验实践教学平台建立、增强学生科研参与度、加强毕业论文的管理和考核、加强实践教学教师队伍建设等,总结了辽宁大学生命科学类专业实践教学改革的初步成果,为综合性大学生命科学类专业实践教学提供有益的借鉴,为综合型、应用型生命科学人才培养创造条件。     

Special Section Introduction: Socioecological Disequilibrium in the Circumpolar North

Despite the evident challenges posed by arctic environments past and present, and despite the widespread acknowledgement that human population histories in the Arctic have historically been quite dynamic, it is often assumed that traditional pre-colonial populations were in perfect equilibrium with their environment, that they were perfectly adapted to their local environmental conditions. This adaptationist assumption is strongly challenged by recent research in ecology that has shown that many high-latitude ecological communities are in fact far from equilibrium with environmental conditions. Here we briefly introduce the notion of disequilibrium and the papers making up this special section. Ranging from the European Palearctic to the predicaments faced by contemporary populations in the circumpolar North, this collection presents a solid comparative evidence base for this new perspective. Together, these papers underline that adaptation – defined classically as the outcome of selection matching a particular feature or behaviour to the social or natural environment – cannot be assumed but needs to be empirically demonstrated. The papers also offer numerous qualitative and quantitative avenues for how to conduct such empirical investigations.     

Nationalism, Politics, and the Practice of Archaeology

Nationalism, Politics, and the Practice of Archaeology. Philip L. Kohl and Clare Fawcett. eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. 329 pp.     

Utilization of Standardized Mental Health Assessments in Anthropological Research: Possibilities and Pitfalls

In the past decade anthropologists working the boundary of culture, medicine, and psychiatry have drawn from ethnographic and epidemiological methods to interdigitate data and provide more depth in understanding critical health problems. But rarely do these studies incorporate psychiatric inventories with ethnographic analysis. This article shows how triangulation of research methods strengthens scholars’ ability (1) to draw conclusions from smaller data sets and facilitate comparisons of what suffering means across contexts; (2) to unpack the complexities of ethnographic and narrative data by way of interdigitating narratives with standardized evaluations of psychological distress; and (3) to enhance the translatability of narrative data to interventionists and to make anthropological research more accessible to policymakers. The crux of this argument is based on two discrete case studies, one community sample of Nicaraguan grandmothers in urban Nicaragua, and another clinic-based study of Mexican immigrant women in urban United States, which represent different populations, methodologies, and instruments. Yet, both authors critically examine narrative data and then use the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale to further unpack meaning of psychological suffering by analyzing symptomatology. Such integrative methodologies illustrate how incorporating results from standardized mental health assessments can corroborate meaning-making in anthropology while advancing anthropological contributions to mental health treatment and policy.     

Introduction: Culture in the Politics of Mental Health Research

Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry -     

Practice and Politics in Japanese Science: Hitoshi Kihara and the Formation of a Genetics Discipline

This paper examines the history of Japanese genetics in the 1920s to 1950s as seen through the work of Hitoshi Kihara, a prominent wheat geneticist as well as a leader in the development of the discipline in Japan. As Kihara’s career illustrates, Japanese genetics developed quickly in the early twentieth century through interactions with biologists outside Japan. The interactions, however, ceased due to the war in the late 1930s, and Japanese geneticists were mostly isolated from outside information until the late 1940s. During the isolation in wartime and under the postwar U.S. Occupation, Kihara adapted to political changes. During wartime, he developed a research institute focusing on applied biology of various crops, which conformed to the national need to address food scarcity. After the war, he led the campaign for the establishment of a national institute of genetics and negotiated with American Occupation officers. The Americans viewed this Japanese effort with suspicion because of the rising popularity of the controversial theory of the Russian agronomist, Trofim Lysenko, in Japan. The institute was approved in 1949 partly because Kihara was able to bridge the gap between the American and Japanese sides. With Kihara’s flexible and generous leadership, Japanese genetics steadily developed, survived the wartime, and recovered quickly in the postwar period. The article discusses Kihara’s interest in cytoplasmic inheritance and his synthetic approach to genetics in this political context, and draws attention to the relation between Kihara’s genetics and agricultural practice in Japan.     

Reliability of Quality Assessments in Research Synthesis: Securing the Highest Quality Bioinformation for HIT

Current trends in bio-medicine include research synthesis and dissemination of bioinformation by means of health (bio)information technology (H[b] IT). Research must secure the validity and reliability of assessment tools to quantify research qualityin the pursuit of the best available evidence. Our concerted work in this domain led to the revision of three instruments for thatpurpose, including the stringent characterization of inter-rater reliability and coefficient of agreement. It is timely and critical toadvance the methodological development of the science of research synthesis by strengthening the reliability of existing measure ofresearch quality in order to ensure H[b] IT efficacy and effectiveness.     

Abisko Scientific Research Station: Environment and Research

The Abisko Scientific Research Station is situated near the altitudinal tree-line in the North Swedish mountains. Research is going on in the area since more than 70 years promoted by its untouchedness, accessibility, variety, facilities and traditions of research. The research initiated at the station and now in progress is referred to three main headings: 1. Ecology of the tree-line; 2. Growth strategies of plants along the chionophilous-chionophobous gradient; and 3. Man's influence on the ecosystems.     

Ideology in the Language of Judges: How Judges Practice Law, Politics, and Courtroom Control

Ideology in the Language of Judges: How Judges Practice Law, Politics, and Courtroom Control. Susan U. Philips. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. 206 pp.     

Witch Hunts, Herbal Healing, and Discourses of Indigenous Ecodevelopment in North India: Theory and Method in the Anthropology of Environmentality

ABSTRACT  In this article, we examine the environmental thought and practice of indigenous peoples living in and around a wildlife sanctuary in North India. Analysis reveals that those religious specialists (such as shamans) who possess knowledge of herbal healing are more committed than other villagers to preventing or mitigating the overharvesting of natural resources. To explain these results, reference is made to a specific juncture of native traditions and modern conditions and in particular to an intersection of local economies with global discourses of "ecodevelopment." Drawing on theories and methods from political ecology and cultural psychology, we present a framework for testing the extent that local actors—in this case, shamanic and herbalist healers—are differently positioned to resist or accommodate state and parastate structures of "environmentality" than are other villagers.     

Indigenous Archaeology: American Indian Values and Scientific Practice.

Indigenous Archaeology: American Indian Values and Scientific Practice. Joe Watkins. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, 2001. 234 pp.