长尾粉蚧的生物学特性及防治

长尾粉蚧是厦门市和行道树的重要害虫,一年发生５－６代。长尾粉蚧以老熟若虫在叶背或枝条上越冬,翌年３月中旬越冬若虫开始活动,取食。若虫期约６０天,卵期６天,成虫期１３天。已知天敌有隐唇瓢虫,红点唇瓢虫,草蛉等,前者为主要天敌。试验表明,敌敌畏,氧化乐果,甲胺磷,辛硫磷,敌百虫,呋喃丹等农药对若虫均有良好的防治效果。     

孟氏隐唇瓢虫和台毛艳瓢虫对茶椰圆蚧的捕食作用

本首次报道,孟氏隐唇瓢虫和志艳瓢虫是茶椰圆蚧的重要捕食性天敌。1998－1999年我们研究了这两种瓢虫的生活习性及其对茶椰圆蚧二龄若虫的捕食作用。这两种瓢虫成6虫对共椰圆蚧二龄若虫的功能反应均可用HollingⅡ型模型模拟。孟氏隐唇瓢虫的模型参数为：α'=1.1302,Th=0.0093,maxNa=107.6233;台毛艳主虫的模型参数为：α'=1.0005,Th=0.0126,maxNa=79.3741。温度对孟氏隐唇瓢虫捕食作用的影响大于对台毛艳瓢虫的影响,个体间相互干扰对捕食作用的影响,孟氏隐唇瓢虫大于台毛艳瓢虫孟氏隐唇瓢虫干扰反应模拟模型参数为：Q＝0.4045,m=0.4359;台毛艳瓢虫干扰反应模拟模型参数为：0.3335m=0.4042。     

草皮逍遥蛛等天敌对吐伦球坚蚧捕食作用的初步研究

采用HollingⅡ型和Ⅲ型模拟测定了草皮逍遥蛛等3种天敌对吐伦球坚蚧初龄若虫的捕食功能。结果表明：草皮逍遥蛛具有相当的食蚧能力,食量仅稍低于多异瓢虫,但远低于以食蚧为主的孪斑唇瓢虫。     

龟纹瓢虫对扶桑绵粉蚧的捕食功能反应

为初步探究龟纹瓢虫Propylea japonica对入侵性害虫扶桑绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley的生物防控能力,本实验在(T=26℃±2℃,R=80%±5%,L∶D=16∶8)条件下进行。将饥饿处理过的各个龄期的龟纹瓢虫分别与扶桑绵粉蚧不同密度的1龄若虫进行组合,在一定的时间内,测定各龄期的龟纹瓢虫对猎物进行的捕食量、捕食率。龟纹瓢虫1龄幼虫、2龄幼虫和成虫对扶桑绵粉蚧1龄若虫的功能反应属Holling-Ⅱ型反应,其捕食者的捕食率随猎物密度的增加而逐渐下降;龟纹瓢虫对猎物的处理时间Th随瓢虫龄期的增大而呈减小趋势。龟纹瓢虫3龄幼虫,4龄幼虫对扶桑绵粉蚧1龄若虫的功能反应属Holling-Ⅲ型反应,其捕食量随虫龄的增大而增加,发现率和最大捕食量也增大,平均处理时间减少。结果表明,龟纹瓢虫对扶桑绵粉蚧具有较强的控制潜能。     

柑桔地粉蚧种群发生动态与防治试验

柑桔地粉蚧(Geococcus cirinus Kuwana)是一种典型的土栖粉蚧．生活在土壤中为害柑桔根部．在福州郊区一年发生3代,主要以若虫和少数成虫越冬．各代若虫盛发期为6月、8月和10-11月．药剂试验结果,以40％速扑杀2000倍液杀虫．杀卵效果均比较理想．各世代低龄若虫期是药剂防治的适期．抓紧第一代若虫盛发期防治至关重要．     

紫薇毡蚧种群生物学特性研究

该文报道紫薇毡蚧EriococcusLagerostroemiae Kuwana的种群生物学特性。该虫80年末传入贵州,在贵阳地区每年发生3-4代,世代重叠极重,越冬代是第3、4两代的混合群体,越冬虫态有卵、若虫和蛹。分别估测了卵、雄若虫、蛹、雌若虫和雌成虫的发育起点温度(T₀)和有效积温(K)。周年虫口变动有两个高峰：6月中旬至7月上旬和8月上旬至9月上旬。11月至翌年4月,因寄主休眠和低温导致虫口缓慢下降。雌成虫产卵量与寄主生长势好坏有关。控制紫薇毡蚧虫口最有效的天敌是红点唇瓢虫Chilocoruskuwanae Silverstri。药液涂干并辅之具内吸作用的杀虫药液灌根是目前较好的药剂防治方法。     

广东省扶桑绵粉蚧对园林植物为害及其天敌的调查

2013-2014年调查了扶桑绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley对广东城镇绿化带、公园、高速(国道)公路等园林植物的危害及其天敌种类,结果表明,广州、珠海、深圳等17个地级市均有扶桑绵粉蚧发生,呈点片分布,主要为害扶桑、驳骨丹、蟛蜞菊等9种园林植物,高速(国道)公路绿化带的园林植物受扶桑绵粉蚧为害最严重,其次是公园(景点)绿化带的园林植物,而城区绿化带、苗木花卉基地(市场)由于管理较好,园林植物受到扶桑绵粉蚧为害最轻。调查过程中,共采集到了7种天敌昆虫,分别是孟氏隐唇瓢虫Cryptolaemus montrouzineri Mulsant、圆斑弯月毛瓢虫Nephus quadrimaculatus(Kamiya)、六斑月瓢虫Menochilus sexmaculata(Fabricius)、草蛉Chrysopa sp.、班氏跳小蜂Aenasius bambawalei Hayat、粉蚧抑虱跳小蜂Acerophagus coccois Smith和粉蚧广腹细蜂Allotropa sp.。     

菠萝洁粉蚧天敌调查及香港角毛瓢虫的捕食作用研究

调查发现我国雷州半岛菠萝洁粉蚧Dysmicoccus brevipes的天敌有4科8种,其中香港角毛瓢虫Horniolus hisamatsui Miyatake、丽草蛉Chrysopa formosa Brauer及一种瘿蚊Aphidoletes sp是优势天敌。香港角毛瓢虫Hhisamatsui、细毛小瓢虫Scymnus (Pullus) syoitii Sasaji为广东新记录种。香港角毛瓢虫Hhisamatsui捕食菠萝洁粉蚧的量随猎物密度的增大而增加,且随着龄次的增加而增加,但当猎物密度达到一定程度后,其增长率就随猎物密度的增大逐渐减缓,即捕食量与猎物密度为逆密度制约关系,呈负加速曲线,以Holling(1959）圆盘方程进行模拟的结果是属于Holling-Ⅱ型。香港角毛瓢虫1龄、2龄、3龄、4龄幼虫和成虫对菠萝洁粉蚧2 龄若虫的理论最大捕食量分别为1153头/天、2611头/天、6173头/天、7042头/天、7407头/天。     

孟氏隐唇瓢虫研究现状及其种质资源描述规范的建立

孟氏隐唇瓢虫Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant原产于澳大利亚,是粉蚧的重要捕食性天敌,作为生物防治重要的天敌资源被广泛引进世界各地.本文介绍了国内外近几十年来对孟氏隐唇瓢虫在生活史、行为、抗药性以及生物防治等方面的研究概况,并提出建立孟氏隐唇瓢虫种质资源描述规范的必要性,为充分发挥其控害潜能提供理论依据.     

班氏跳小蜂对寄主龄期选择的研究

班氏跳小蜂Aenasiusbam bawalei Hayat是扶桑绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley的优势种寄生蜂。本文研究了在限制选择和自由选择的条件下,扶桑绵粉蚧的2龄若虫、3龄若虫和雌成虫对该蜂的寄生率、发育历期、子代性比和个体大小的影响。结果表明:在两种选择条件下,班氏跳小蜂对扶桑绵粉蚧3龄若虫的寄生率显著高于对雌成虫和2龄若虫的寄生率,但寄生粉蚧雌成虫的子代雌雄性比显著高于寄生3龄若虫或2龄若虫的性比;在两种选择条件下,雌蜂在寄主三种虫龄(态)上的发育历期差异不显著,但是雄蜂在粉蚧雌成虫中的发育历期显著长于寄生2龄若虫或3龄若虫的发育历期;在两种选择条件下,寄生于粉蚧雌成虫的子代雌蜂和雄蜂的个体都是最大,其后足胫节长度显著长于寄生于2龄若虫或3龄若虫的子代胫节的长度。     

灰白蚕蛾生物学特性及其防治

灰白蚕蛾OcinaravariansWalker是小叶榕 (FicusbenjamingMig)的主要害虫之一。幼虫危害叶片或嫩梢 ,被危害的叶片呈透明状或缺刻 ,严重时将整株叶片吃光。此虫在海南岛 1年发生 1 0代 ,1代一般需要 30d左右 ,最长的需要 6 0d。完成 1代有效积温为 5 0 1 5日·度 ,发育起点温度为 1 0 6℃ ,可采用90 %的敌百虫 80 0倍稀释液喷雾防治     

Ecological significance of the aerial seed pool of a desert lignified annual,Blepharis sindica (Acanthaceae)

Reproductive traits of a lignified annual plant, Blepharis sindica were studied in relation to the formation of an 'aerial seed pool' on dead plants in an arid grassland in the Thar Desert of northwestern India. The dead plants remained standing on the soil surface and retained fruits for more than one year. Aerial seed pools developed about 6 cm above the ground. There were no seed pools on or below the ground surface. Only 5.7% of seeds died on dead plants because of insect predation or fungi infection during one year. Seed release was cued by rainfall, and a fraction of seeds on the aerial seed pools was released in each rainfall event. After 13 rainfall events during the monsoon season, 25% of seeds was still retained on the plants. Seed predation on the ground surface was intensive; all cones placed on the soil surface were removed within four days, and 97% of fruits were removed within 10 days. Fifty percent of seeds germinated within 3.5 h, and there were no differences in viability and time required for germination between first year seeds and older seeds. The results indicate that the aerial seed-holding on dead plants is an available way to avoid seed predation in harsh desert environments where seed predation is intense and favorable periods for growth are temporally limited and unpredictable.     

无忧花茸毒蛾的生物学习性

无忧花茸毒蛾（Ｄａｓｙｃｈｉｒａ ｈｏｒｓｆｉｅｌｄｉ　Ｓａｕｎｄｅｒｓ）在山东１年发生３代,以蛹越冬。翌年４月中、下旬成虫羽化、产卵,幼虫６～７龄,一生可食泡桐叶片１～２．６片（２５０－６５０ｃｍ~２）。各虫态历期分别为：卵１０～２２天;幼虫２５～５０天;蛹８～１５天（越冬蛹１６０－１８０天）。其生长发育受寄主植物,空气温、湿度的影响,种群数量的消长则受天敌、降雨和冬季低温的制约。防治可采用在树干基部打孔注入内吸农药,既不伤害天敌,也可减少对环境的污染。     

A case for a free-running circannual rhythm in soldier developmental time of Formosan subterranean termites

The success of all insect societies relies on their ability to maintain optimal levels of different castes. Here we report on an apparent free-running circannual rhythm that optimizes the developmental time of the soldier caste of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Over a 3 year period, bioassays were conducted each month (except June) with groups of 100 termite workers in a 28°C incubator in total darkness. The number of days needed for C. formosanus soldiers to develop varied depending on the time of the year (month). In March, just prior to the major swarming exodus for alates (April to June), 9 days were required before a worker molted to a presoldier. Longer times were required for such a molt in all other months, with an increasing trend from April to December (from 13 to 30 days) and a decreasing trend from January to February (from 25 to 12 days). Colony origin or the length of time that termites were kept in the laboratory under constant conditions (26 – 28°C, 70 – 80% RH) before testing (7 days – 1 year) did not affect this rhythm. This is the first demonstrated evidence of a free-running circannual rhythm in a social insect. Received 23 July 2007; revised 9 and 21 August 2007; accepted 23 August 2007.     

Beauveria bassiana -A Potential Mycopesticide for the Efficient Control of Coffee Berry Borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) in India

The Coffee Berry Borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) has been a serious insect pest of coffee cultivars C. robusta and C. catimor in India since 1991, causing 40-80% coffee bean loss. To combat this important pest, an indigenous entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin was isolated from dead and moribund coffee berry borers from the wild. The fungus was cultured on yeast extractpeptone supplemented liquid medium. The mycelial mat was harvested from 12-day old cultures and lyophilized. A suspension of the most virulent isolate (Bb2) was prepared in sterile water and used as a mycopesticide. The laboratory studies were conducted on coffee berry borers by applying conidial suspensions at a dosage rate of 1 ×10 6 conidia ml -1 . Pest mortality with the Bb2 isolate increased from 69.3% to 95.3% with an increase in relative humidity (RH) at 25 ±2°C. Field experiments were conducted in a coffee plantation area in the Kodagu district of Karnataka, and the results showed that, under favourable environmental conditions (27- 29°C; 82-91% RH; 10-15 inches rainfall per year), the fungus required only eight days to colonize and kill the target pest. A maximum of 75.6% insect mortality was recorded 24 days after spraying. Large-scale field trials conducted in five plantation plots between September 1995 and September 1998 showed significant insect mortality both in C. robusta and C. catimor cultivars of coffee. The potential use of this indigenous fungal strain of B. bassiana as a mycopesticide for management of CBB in India is discussed.     

长齿真片叶蜂形态观察及生物学特性

长齿真片叶蜂Eutomostethuslongidentus是毛竹PhyllostachyspubescensMazelexH .deLehaie的食叶害虫 ,可对竹林造成严重损失。该虫 1年发生 1代 ,以 4、5龄幼虫在 6月底 7月初进入越夏越冬。翌年 5月初越夏越冬幼虫复出活动取食 ,5月上旬开始化蛹 ,蛹期 8～ 1 5d。 5月下旬开始羽化、产卵 ,成虫寿命3～ 6d ,卵期 5～ 9d。通过连续 4年的室内外饲养和实地调查观察 ,基本摸清了长齿真片叶蜂 (2 0 0 3年发表新种 )在浙江省遂昌县的生物学特性和发生规律 ,进行了有效的防治。     

福建引种天蚕生物学特性的研究

天蚕是一种资源昆虫,该虫自浙江引种,在福建一年发生一代,以卵越冬。翌年4月上旬孵化,幼虫5龄,幼虫期34—40天,5月中旬化蛹,蛹期21—32天,成虫671中旬羽化,成虫寿命4—7天。     

平利短肛棒（虫）生物学特性研究

1997年至 1998年 ,我们在四川南充市金城山林场对平利短肛棒 (BaculumpinglienseChenetHe)的生物学特性及天敌进行了研究 ,结果表明 :该虫一年发生一代 ,以卵在卵囊内越冬 ,翌年 4月初开始孵化 ,4月中旬为孵化盛期 ,若虫共 5龄 ,6月下旬出现成虫 ,7月上旬到 9月下旬为产卵期 ,成虫 7月底开始死亡 ,终见于 9月下旬 ;具拟态、保护色、假死性和若虫断足能再生等奇特生命现象 ,但没有竹节虫常见的孤雌生殖行为 ;其天敌主要有鸟类、蜘蛛和捕食性昆虫等共 17种。     

大皱鳃金龟甲的生物学和防治

大皱鳃金龟甲Tremalodve grandis Semenov是陕北沙区一种重要地下害虫。除本省外,内蒙古、甘肃、宁夏等省(区)的沙区亦有分布。该虫食性甚杂,对多种沙地植物能造成严重危害,已成为陕北沙漠绿化治理工作的一大障碍。该虫在榆林沙区两年发生一代,以幼虫或成虫在深层沙土中越冬。成虫7—8月份羽化,当年不出土,翌年春上升地面,取食植物芽、卧及嫩茎,为害期3个月左右。幼虫取食根皮、截根,在地下为害长达400余天。提出以营林措施为主的综合防治方法:成虫取食紫穗槐枝叶可中毒致死,营造固沙林时,带状栽植紫穗槐围隔或间隔杀虫;成虫产卵盛期前,以5%西维因粉喷杀之;播种前以50%单拌磷     

蔗扁蛾生物学特性及幼虫耐寒性初步研究

蔗扁蛾在江苏地区目前已发现 5个科、8种寄主 ;在扬州 1年发生 4代 ,以幼虫越冬 ;2 5℃下 ,利用寄主发财树饲养该虫 ,卵历期为 5 7d ,幼虫期为 3 4 4d ,蛹历期为 1 4 9d ,整个世代历期为 5 7 6d;不同季节高龄幼虫的过冷却点不同 ,分别为 :冬前 -4 3 6℃ ,隆冬 -6 44℃ ,冬后 -4 89℃ ;不同低温对蔗扁蛾幼虫死亡率影响很大 ,-2℃幼虫 72h后大都死亡 ,-5℃幼虫 48h全部死亡 ;在扬州地区 ,蔗扁蛾在室外安全越冬的可能性较小