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1.
Background
Fractures of the long bones and femur fractures in particular are common in multiple trauma patients, but the optimal management of femur fractures in these patients is not yet resolved. Although there is a trend towards the concept of "Damage Control Orthopedics" (DCO) in the management of multiple trauma patients with long bone fractures as reflected by a significant increase in primary external fixation of femur fractures, current literature is insufficient. Thus, in the era of "evidence-based medicine", there is the need for a more specific, clarifying trial.Methods/Design
The trial is designed as a randomized controlled open-label multicenter study. Multiple trauma patients with femur shaft fractures and a calculated probability of death between 20 and 60% will be randomized to either temporary fracture fixation with fixateur externe and defined secondary definitive treatment (DCO) or primary reamed nailing (early total care). The primary objective is to reduce the extent of organ failure as measured by the maximum sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA) score.Discussion
The Damage Control Study is the first to evaluate the risk adapted damage control orthopedic surgery concept of femur shaft fractures in multiple trauma patients in a randomized controlled design. The trial investigates the differences in clinical outcome of two currently accepted different ways of treating multiple trauma patients with femoral shaft fractures. This study will help to answer the question whether the "early total care" or the ?damage control” concept is associated with better outcome.Trial registration
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN10321620 相似文献2.
F. Lardellier F. Varlet M. François G. Audry P. Buisson R. Dubois P. Galinier S. Geiss D. Gorduza N. Kalfa I. Lacreuse M.-D. Leclair T. Merrot A. Paye-Jaouen P. Ravasse E. Sapin Y. Teklali J.-S. Valla N. Diraduryan E. Guye M. Lopez 《Andrologie》2010,20(3):194-202
Introduction
The testicular trauma is uncommon in children and the literature about this topic is very poor. The aim was to investigate the testicular trauma in children from a retrospective study.Materials and methods
All the French pediatric surgical departments were requested to send their cases of testicular trauma reported between 2000 and 2009. The analysis was performed from the data and the operative report. Isolated scrotal wounds, testicular torsions revealed by trauma, and incomplete files were excluded.Results
Fifteen departments sent their data and 2 had no cases. From 60 cases, 15 were excluded and 45 selected. The mean age was 12.3 years (2 days–18 years). The circumstances of the trauma were 23 knocks (foot, knee, and fist), 13 falls, 4 motorcycle accidents, 4 unknown traumas, and 1 obstetrical trauma. There were 4 wounds and 41 without wound. A color Doppler sonography was performed in 34 cases (75.5%) with an accurate diagnosis in 30 cases; 2 testicular fractures and 1 intratesticular hematoma were not confirmed at surgery, and 1 epididymal hematoma was not seen on sonography. The lesions were testicular fractures (15), intratesticular hematomas (8), benign testicular blunt traumas (6), spermatic cord hematomas (6), epididymal hematomas (6), isolated hematoceles (3), and avulsion (1). Surgical treatment was done in 33 children and 12 had nonoperative treatment. Among the 15 testicular fractures, 13 were operated (8 sutures and 5 partial orchidectomies) and 2 were only observed. For the intratesticular hematomas, a surgical treatment was performed in 5 children and a nonoperative treatment in 3, with a good evolution. Only 20 children were controlled beyond 4 months, especially the testicular fractures and no secondary testicular atrophy was seen.Conclusion
The testicular trauma in children is rare and the prognosis is rather good. The color Doppler sonography now allows a good diagnosis in most cases and the surgery can be often avoided in benign blunt trauma. In this situation, it is important to repeat sonography 24 or 48 hours after trauma to ensure there is no fracture or other lesion necessitating a surgical treatment. 相似文献3.
To test the historically documented hypothesis of a general increase in deliberate violence in the eastern Adriatic from the antique (AN; 2nd–6th c.) through the early medieval (EM; 7th–11th c.) to the late‐medieval period (LM; 12th–16th c.), an analysis of the frequency and patterning of bone trauma was conducted in three skeletal series from these time periods. A total of 1,125 adult skeletons—346 from the AN, 313 from the EM, and 466 from the LM series—were analyzed. To differentiate between intentional violence and accidental injuries, data for trauma frequencies were collected for the complete skeleton, individual long bones, and the craniofacial region as well as by type of injury (perimortem vs. antemortem). The results of our analyses show a significant temporal increase in total fracture frequencies when calculated by skeleton as well as of individuals exhibiting one skeletal indicator of deliberate violence (sharp force lesions, craniofacial injuries, “parry” fractures, or perimortem trauma). No significant temporal increases were, however, noted in the frequencies of craniofacial trauma, “parry” fractures, perimortem injuries, or of individuals exhibiting multiple skeletal indicators of intentional violence. Cumulatively, these data suggest that the temporal increase in total fracture frequencies recorded in the eastern Adriatic was caused by a combination of factors that included not only an increase of intentional violence but also a significant change in lifestyle that accompanied the transition from a relatively affluent AN urban lifestyle to a more primitive rural medieval way of life. Am J Phys Anthropol 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
4.
Background
Since the recommendations on group housing of mink (Neovison vison) were adopted by the Council of Europe in 1999, it has become common in mink production in Europe. Group housing is advantageous from a production perspective, but can lead to aggression between animals and thus raises a welfare issue. Bite marks on the animals are an indicator of this aggressive behaviour and thus selection against frequency of bite marks should reduce aggression and improve animal welfare. Bite marks on one individual reflect the aggression of its group members, which means that the number of bite marks carried by one individual depends on the behaviour of other individuals and that it may have a genetic basis. Thus, for a successful breeding strategy it could be crucial to consider both direct (DGE) and indirect (IGE) genetic effects on this trait. However, to date no study has investigated the genetic basis of bite marks in mink.Result and discussion
A model that included DGE and IGE fitted the data significantly better than a model with DGE only, and IGE contributed a substantial proportion of the heritable variation available for response to selection. In the model with IGE, the total heritable variation expressed as the proportion of phenotypic variance (T2) was six times greater than classical heritability (h2). For instance, for total bite marks, T2 was equal to 0.61, while h2 was equal to 0.10. The genetic correlation between direct and indirect effects ranged from 0.55 for neck bite marks to 0.99 for tail bite marks. This positive correlation suggests that mink have a tendency to fight in a reciprocal way (giving and receiving bites) and thus, a genotype that confers a tendency to bite other individuals can also cause its bearer to receive more bites.Conclusion
Both direct and indirect genetic effects contribute to variation in number of bite marks in group-housed mink. Thus, a genetic selection design that includes both direct genetic and indirect genetic effects could reduce the frequency of bite marks and probably aggression behaviour in group-housed mink. 相似文献5.
N. Noe-Nygaard 《Human Evolution》1989,4(6):461-491
The different types of ancient man-made bone modifications serve as evidence concerning human activities. Correct identification
and interpretation of cut, scrape, chop, sawing, and blow marks is based on their morphology and recurrent position on the
various bones. Important information concerning the processes by which the marks were inflicted leads to a greatly improved
insight into modes of fundamental human activities such as hunting, killing, skinning, butchering, food preparation, and marrow
fracturing. 相似文献
6.
Helen?Vester Markus?S?Huber-Lang Qerim?Kida Alexander?Scola Martijn?van Griensven Florian?Gebhard Andreas?K?Nüssler Mario?Perl
Background
Despite significant medical progress and improved treatment, surgical procedures of proximal femur fractures in older patients are still associated with a high postoperative complication and mortality rate. Recently, several authors investigated the phenomenon of immunoageing, indicating differences in the ageing immune system.The aim of the present multi-center prospective clinical trial was to analyze differences in the posttraumatic immune response of old patients compared to young patients.Methods
Blood was collected from young patients (<50 y, n?=?20) with long bone fractures (YF), old patients (>70 y, n?=?21) with proximal femur fractures (OF) upon clinical admission and within 6 hours after surgery, and two healthy age matched control groups (YH & OH). Serum TRAIL- and cytokine concentrations were analyzed via cytometric bead array, Fas-Ligand and TNF-Receptor-I via ELISA. CD15+ magnetic bead-isolated neutrophils (PMN) were TUNEL stained.Results
IL-6 was significantly increased only in OF after trauma and surgery whereas YF patient exhibited a marked decrease of TNF after trauma. Interestingly, a significant increase of GM-CSF serum levels was observed in YF only, whereas OF exhibited a decrease of systemic IFN-γ concentrations after trauma and after surgery. The healthy controls, old and young, had more or less similar inflammation levels.Moreover, TRAIL serum levels were diminished in OF after trauma and even further after surgery whereas in YF this was only observed after the surgical procedure. Fas-L concentrations were reduced only in YF after surgery or trauma. PMN apoptosis was significantly reduced only in YF, indicating activation of the innate immune system.Discussion
In summary, our data suggest that the posttraumatic immune response is differently regulated in old and young trauma patients. The operative procedure further impacts these differences after trauma. Whether the decreased activation of PMNs and phagocytes along with the observed dysregulation of the posttraumatic inflammatory response contributes to the high perioperative mortality rate of the elderly suffering from a proximal femoral fracture requires further investigation.7.
Background and Aims
European white oaks (Quercus petraea, Q. pubescens, Q. robur) have long puzzled plant biologists owing to disputed species differentiation. Extensive hybridization or shared ancestry have been proposed as alternative hypotheses to explain why genetic differentiation between these oak species is low. Species delimitation is usually weak and often shows gradual transitions in leaf morphology. Hence, individual identification may be difficult, but remains a critical step for both scientific work and practical management.Methods
Multilocus genotype data (five nuclear microsatellites) were used from ten Swiss oak stands for taxon identification without a priori grouping of individuals or populations, using model-based Bayesian assignment tests.Key Results
Three groups best structured the data, indicating that the taxonomical signal was stronger than the spatial signal. Most individuals showed high posterior probabilities for either of three genetic groups that were best circumscribed as taxonomical units. The assignment of a subset of trees, whose taxonomic status had been previously characterized in detail, supported this classification scheme.Conclusions
Molecular-genetic assignment tests are useful in the identification of species status in critical taxon complexes such as the European white oaks. Such an approach is of practical importance for forest management, e.g. for stand certification or in seed trade to trace the origin of forest products.Key words: Assignment test, Bayesian inference, multilocus genotype, nuclear microsatellites, Quercus sp., species complex 相似文献8.
Elisa Maria Amann Markus Thomas Rojewski Sinja Rodi Daniel Fürst Jörg Fiedler Annette Palmer Sonja Braumüller Markus Huber-Lang Hubert Schrezenmeier Rolf Erwin Brenner 《Cytotherapy》2018,20(2):218-231
Background
Effective therapy of Acute Lung Injury (ALI) is still a major scientific and clinical problem. To define novel therapeutic strategies for sequelae of blunt chest trauma (TxT) like ALI/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, we have investigated the immunomodulatory and regenerative effects of a single dose of ex vivo expanded human or rat mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs/rMSCs) with or without priming, immediately after the induction of TxT in Wistar rats.Methods
We analyzed the histological score of lung injury, the cell count of the broncho alveolar lavage fluid (BAL), the change in local and systemic cytokine level and the recovery of the administered cells 24?h and 5 days post trauma.Results
The treatment with hMSCs reduced the injury score 24?h after trauma by at least 50% compared with TxT rats without MSCs. In general, TxT rats treated with hMSCs exhibited a lower level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1B, IL-6) and chemokines (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 [CXCL1], C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 [CCL2]), but a higher tumor necrosis factor alpha induced protein 6 (TNFAIP6) level in the BAL compared with TxT rats after 24?h. Five days after trauma, cytokine levels and the distribution of inflammatory cells were similar to sham rats. In contrast, the treatment with rMSCs did not reveal such therapeutic effects on the injury score and cytokine levels, except for TNFAIP6 level.Conclusion
TxT represents a suitable model to study effects of MSCs as an acute treatment strategy after trauma. However, the source of MSCs has to be carefully considered in the design of future studies. 相似文献9.
Jitka Trtkova Petr Pavlicek Lenka Ruskova Petr Hamal Dagmar Koukalova Vladislav Raclavsky 《BMC microbiology》2009,9(1):234-21
Background
Rapid, easy, economical and accurate species identification of yeasts isolated from clinical samples remains an important challenge for routine microbiological laboratories, because susceptibility to antifungal agents, probability to develop resistance and ability to cause disease vary in different species. To overcome the drawbacks of the currently available techniques we have recently proposed an innovative approach to yeast species identification based on RAPD genotyping and termed McRAPD (Melting curve of RAPD). Here we have evaluated its performance on a broader spectrum of clinically relevant yeast species and also examined the potential of automated and semi-automated interpretation of McRAPD data for yeast species identification. 相似文献10.
Hugh Ramsay Ian Kelleher Padraig Flannery Mary C. Clarke Fionnuala Lynch Michelle Harley Dearbhla Connor Carol Fitzpatrick Derek W. Morris Mary Cannon 《PloS one》2013,8(11)
Objective
Psychotic experiences occur at a much greater prevalence in the population than psychotic disorders. There has been little research to date, however, on genetic risk for this extended psychosis phenotype. We examined whether COMT or BDNF genotypes were associated with psychotic experiences or interacted with childhood trauma in predicting psychotic experiences.Method
Psychiatric interviews and genotyping for COMT-Val158Met and BDNF-Val66Met were carried out on two population-based samples of 237 individuals aged 11-15 years. Logistic regression was used to examine for main effects by genotype and childhood trauma, controlling for important covariates. This was then compared to a model with a term for interaction between genotype and childhood trauma. Where a possible interaction was detected, this was further explored in stratified analyses.Results
While childhood trauma showed a borderline association with psychotic experiences, COMT-Val158Met and BDNF-Val66Met genotypes were not directly associated with psychotic experiences in the population. Testing for gene x environment interaction was borderline significant in the case of COMT-Val158Met with individuals with the COMT-Val158Met Val-Val genotype, who had been exposed to childhood trauma borderline significantly more likely to report psychotic experiences than those with Val-Met or Met-Met genotypes. There was no similar interaction by BDNF-Val66Met genotype.Conclusion
The COMT-Val158Met Val-Val genotype may be a genetic moderator of risk for psychotic experiences in individuals exposed to childhood traumatic experiences. 相似文献11.
Robert Jurmain 《Primates; journal of primatology》1997,38(1):1-14
Incidence of cranial and postcranial skeletal trauma was investigated in samples of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes, P. troglodytes schweinfurthii), lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla), and bonobos (P. paniscus). The larger (adult) samples of chimpanzees (N=127 crania, 92 postcrania) and gorillas (N=136 crania, 62 postcrania) are curated at the Powell-Cotton Museum, Birchington, U.K. The bonobo collection (N=71 crania, 15 postcrania) is housed the Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale in Tervuren, Belgium. In addition, data were collected
on the small but extremely well-documented skeletal sample from Gombe National Park (N=14 crania, 13 postcrania — including adults and adolescents). Cranial injuries, including healed fractures and bite wounds,
were fairly frequent in the museum collection of chimpanzees (5.5% of individuals), but were twice as frequent in gorillas
(11.0%). In the Gombe sample an even higher incidence was observed (28.6% of individuals). Bonobos, however, showed the lowest
incidence of cranial trauma found among any of the African ape samples (1.4% of individuals). Postcranial trauma, documented
most clearly by healed fractures, was seen in 21.7% of the Powell-Cotton chimpanzees, 30.8% of Gombe chimpanzees, 17.7% of
gorillas, and in 13.3% of bonobos. Most of these lesions were found in the upper appendage. Nevertheless, highly debilitating
healed fractures of the femur were also noted, most frequently and severe in female gorillas. The pattern of injuries suggests
serious risks of falling in all free-ranging African apes, but also (in chimpanzees and gorillas) considerable risk from interindividual
aggression, especially for males. 相似文献
12.
Yih-Jing Tang Shinn-Ying Ho Fang-Ying Chu Hung-An Chen Yun-Ju Yin Hua-Chin Lee William Cheng-Chung Chu Hui-Wen Yeh Wei-Shan Chiang Chia-Lun Yeh Hui-Ling Huang Nian-Sheng Tzeng 《PloS one》2015,10(12)
Background
We conducted a study using a case-crossover design to clarify the risk of acute effects of zolpidem and benzodiazepine on all-sites of fractures in the elderly.Design of study
Case-crossover design.Methods and Materials
Elderly enrollees (n = 6010) in Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database with zolpidem or benzodiazepine use were analyzed for the risk of developing fractures.Results
After adjusting for medications such as antipsychotics, antidepressants, and diuretics, or comorbidities such as hypertension, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis and depression, neither zolpidem nor benzodiazepine was found to be associated with increased risk in all-sites fractures. Subjects without depression were found to have an increased risk of fractures. Diazepam is the only benzodiazepine with increased risk of fractures after adjusting for medications and comorbidities. Hip and spine were particular sites for increased fracture risk, but following adjustment for comorbidities, the associations were found to be insignificant.Conclusion
Neither zolpidem nor benzodiazepine was associated with increased risk of all-site fractures in this case cross-over study after adjusting for medications or comorbidities in elderly individuals with insomnia. Clinicians should balance the benefits and risks for prescribing zolpidem or benzodiazepine in the elderly accordingly. 相似文献13.
Ting Li Jiang Du Shunying Yu Haifeng Jiang Yingmei Fu Dongxiang Wang Haiming Sun Hanhui Chen Min Zhao 《PloS one》2012,7(11)
Background
The interaction of the association of dopamine genes, impulsivity and childhood trauma with substance abuse remains unclear.Objectives
To clarify the impacts and the interactions of the Catechol -O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene, impulsivity and childhood trauma on the age of onset of heroin use among heroin dependent patients in China.Methods
202 male and 248 female inpatients who meet DSM-IV criteria of heroin dependence were enrolled. Impulsivity and childhood trauma were measured using BIS-11 (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11) and ETISR-SF (Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form). The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs737866 on the COMT gene-which has previously been associated with heroin abuse, was genotyped using a DNA sequence detection system. Structural equations model was used to assess the interaction paths between these factors and the age of onset of heroin use.Principal Findings
Chi-square test indicated the individuals with TT allele have earlier age of onset of heroin use than those with CT or CC allele. In the correlation analysis, the severity of childhood trauma was positively correlated to impulsive score, but both of them were negatively related to the age of onset of heroin use. In structure equation model, both the COMT gene and childhood trauma had impacts on the age of onset of heroin use directly or via impulsive personality.Conclusions
Our findings indicated that the COMT gene, impulsive personality traits and childhood trauma experience were interacted to impact the age of onset of heroin use, which play a critical role in the development of heroin dependence. The impact of environmental factor was greater than the COMT gene in the development of heroin dependence. 相似文献14.
I. Bah A. Bobo Diallo T. Camara M. L. Bah T. M. O. Diallo B. Amougou K. Kouyaté M. Bobo Diallo 《Andrologie》2009,19(4):203-208
Objective
To stick out the anatomoclinic aspects and to evaluate the therapeutic results of a series of some pelvic trauma complications is followed at the Urology-Andrology ward in the teaching hospital of Conakry.Material and method
It’s about a retrospective examined joining together 52 cases of some pelvic trauma complications in a period of five years.Results
The pelvic trauma complications were representing 3% of whole the hospitalisations during the period of study. The mean age of our patients was 33 years with extremes of 10 and 63 years. The traumas were due to accidents on the public road in 54.9% of cases. In terms of clinics, the symptomatology was essentially constituted by the acute retention of urines with 80.7% of cases and the hemorrhage (hematury and uretrorragy). The main trauma was a back urethral lesion with 82.7% of cases. All the patients profited a surgical treatment. The therapeutics has been judged after an average relapse of 52 months in terms of urinary and sexual complications. Thus, in terms of urinary complications results have been judged good in 59.6% of cases, less in 17.3% and bad in 23.7% of cases. In terms of sexual, we remarked 53.8% of good result, 25% of medium results and 21.2% (N = 11) of bad results.Conclusion
Management of urinary complication after pelvic trauma is controversy. Thus, we insist on more necessary collaboration between urologist and orthopedist because the stabilisation of the pelvic trauma is very interesting to the management. 相似文献15.
Estelle Bockers Stefan Roepke Lars Michael Babette Renneberg Christine Knaevelsrud 《PloS one》2014,9(9)
Background
Previous research has identified a number of variables that constitute potential risk factors for victimization and revictimization. However, it remains unclear which factors are associated not only with childhood or adolescent victimization, but specifically with revictimization. The aim of this study was to determine whether risk recognition ability and other variables previously associated with revictimization are specifically able to differentiate individuals with childhood victimization only from revictimized individuals, and thus to predict revictimization.Methods
Participants were N = 85 women aged 21 to 64 years who were interpersonally victimized in childhood or adolescence only, interpersonally revictimized in another period of life, or not victimized. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine whether risk recognition ability, sensation seeking, self-efficacy, state dissociation, shame, guilt, assertiveness, and attachment anxiety predicted group membership.Results
The logistic regression analysis revealed risk recognition ability, attachment anxiety, state dissociation, and self-efficacy as significant predictors of revictimization. The final model accurately classified 82.4% of revictimized, 59.1% of victimized and 93.1% of non-victimized women. The overall classification rate was 80%.Conclusions
This study suggests that risk recognition ability, attachment anxiety, self-efficacy, and state dissociation play a key role in revictimization. Increased risk recognition ability after an interpersonal trauma may act as a protective factor against repeated victimization that revictimized individuals may lack. A lack of increased risk recognition ability in combination with higher attachment anxiety, lower self-efficacy, and higher state dissociation may increase the risk of revictimization. 相似文献16.
Karine Briot Simon Paternotte Sami Kolta Richard Eastell Dieter Felsenberg David M. Reid Claus-C. Glüer Christian Roux 《PloS one》2013,8(12)
Purposes
The aim of this study was to analyse how well FRAX® predicts the risk of major osteoporotic and vertebral fractures over 6 years in postmenopausal women from general population.Patients and methods
The OPUS study was conducted in European women aged above 55 years, recruited in 5 centers from random population samples and followed over 6 years. The population for this study consisted of 1748 women (mean age 74.2 years) with information on incident fractures. 742 (43.1%) had a prevalent fracture; 769 (44%) and 155 (8.9%) of them received an antiosteoporotic treatment before and during the study respectively. We compared FRAX® performance with and without bone mineral density (BMD) using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) c-statistical analysis with ORs and areas under receiver operating characteristics curves (AUCs) and net reclassification improvement (NRI).Results
85 (4.9%) patients had incident major fractures over 6 years. FRAX® with and without BMD predicted these fractures with an AUC of 0.66 and 0.62 respectively. The AUC were 0.60, 0.66, 0.69 for history of low trauma fracture alone, age and femoral neck (FN) BMD and combination of the 3 clinical risk factors, respectively. FRAX® with and without BMD predicted incident radiographic vertebral fracture (n = 65) with an AUC of 0.67 and 0.65 respectively. NRI analysis showed a significant improvement in risk assignment when BMD is added to FRAX®.Conclusions
This study shows that FRAX® with BMD and to a lesser extent also without FN BMD predict major osteoporotic and vertebral fractures in the general population. 相似文献17.
Ramsés A. Gamboa-Suasnavart Norma A. Valdez-Cruz Gerardo Gaytan-Ortega Greta I. Reynoso-Cereceda Daniel Cabrera-Santos Lorena López-Griego Wolf Klöckner Jochen Büchs Mauricio A. Trujillo-Roldán 《Microbial cell factories》2018,17(1):189
Background
In Streptomyces, understanding the switch from primary to secondary metabolism is important for maximizing the production of secondary metabolites such as antibiotics, as well as for optimizing recombinant glycoprotein production. Differences in Streptomyces lividans bacterial aggregation as well as recombinant glycoprotein production and O-mannosylation have been reported due to modifications in the shake flask design. We hypothetized that such differences are related to the metabolic switch that occurs under oxygen-limiting conditions in the cultures.Results
Shake flask design was found to affect undecylprodigiosin (RED, a marker of secondary metabolism) production; the RED yield was 12 and 385 times greater in conventional normal Erlenmeyer flasks (NF) than in baffled flasks (BF) and coiled flasks (CF), respectively. In addition, oxygen transfer rates (OTR) and carbon dioxide transfer rates were almost 15 times greater in cultures in CF and BF as compared with those in NF. Based on these data, we obtained respiration quotients (RQ) consistent with aerobic metabolism for CF and BF, but an RQ suggestive of anaerobic metabolism for NF.Conclusion
Although the metabolic switch is usually related to limitations in phosphate and nitrogen in Streptomyces sp., our results reveal that it can also be activated by low OTR, dramatically affecting recombinant glycoprotein production and O-mannosylation and increasing RED synthesis in the process.18.
Background
Tyrannosaurus rex was one of the largest terrestrial carnivores of all time, and consequently its ecology and diet have been the focus of much discussion. However, there is little direct evidence of diet or feeding habits in this species.Methodology/Principal Findings
Examination of museum collections has revealed four specimens of Tyrannosaurus rex that bear tooth marks made by large, carnivorous dinosaurs. Because Tyrannosaurus is the only large carnivore known from the Late Maastrichtian of western North America, we infer that Tyrannosaurus made these tooth marks.Conclusions/Significance
The marks are interpreted as feeding traces and these fossils therefore record instances of cannibalism. Given that this behavior has a low preservation potential, cannibalism seems to have been a surprisingly common behavior in Tyrannosaurus, and this behavior may have been relatively common in carnivorous dinosaurs. 相似文献19.
Marie Hudson Janet Pope Michael Mahler Solène Tatibouet Russell Steele Murray Baron Marvin J Fritzler 《Arthritis research & therapy》2012,14(2):R50-9
Introduction
Autoantibodies to Ro52 recently identified as TRIM21 are among the most common autoantibodies in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases, but their clinical association remains poorly understood. We undertook this study to determine the clinical and serologic associations of anti-Ro52/TRIM21 antibodies in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).Methods
Detailed clinical data and sera from 963 patients with SSc enrolled in a multicenter cohort study were collected and entered into a central database. Antibodies to Ro52/TRIM21 and other autoantibodies were detected with an addressable laser-bead immunoassay and different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) systems. Associations between anti-Ro52/TRIM21 antibodies and clinical and other serologic manifestations of SSc were investigated.Results
Anti-Ro52/TRIM21 antibodies were present in 20% of SSc patients and overlapped with other main SSc-related antibodies, including anti-centromere (by immunofluorescence and centromere protein (CENP)-A and CENP-B ELISA), anti-topoisomerase I, anti-RNA polymerase III, and anti-Pm/Scl antibodies. Anti-Ro52/TRIM21 antibodies were strongly associated with interstitial lung disease (odds ratio (OR), 1.53; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11 to 2.12; P = 0.0091) and overlap syndrome (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.01 to 4.19; P = 0.0059).Conclusions
Anti-Ro52/TRIM21 antibodies were the second most common autoantibodies in this SSc cohort. In SSc, anti-Ro52/TRIM21 antibodies may be a marker of interstitial lung disease and overlap syndrome. 相似文献20.