New species of spiral nematode from the mountain tundra of Kamchatka]

A new species of nematodes, Rotylenchus alpinus sp. n., is described. The species was found in the rhizosphere of Vaccinum uliginosum and Arctous alpina from the mountain tundra of Kamchatka. It differs from the close species R. orientalis in having a higher place of entering of the oesophagal dorsal gland duct, well developed hind ovary and in having males. From R. goodeyi the species differs by a lower place of entering of the dorsal gland duct, smaller sizes of the body and gubernaculum.     

A new Delphinium subsp. firom Formentera (Balearic Islands)

A new subspecies, Delphinium pentagynum subsp. formsnteranum N. Torres, L. Sáez, Rosselló & C. Blanché, is described from the island of Formentera (pytiusic Islands, Balearic archipelago). The new plant differs typical D. pentagynum by the narrower sepals and smaller size of the corolla, spur, and follicles. Both D. pentagynum subsp. pentagynum and D. pentagynum subsp. formenteranum have 2n= 16 chromosomes and share similar karyotypes. The new taxon is regarded as a schizoendemic and dry island vicariant of Iberian and North African populations of D. pentagynum subsp. pentagynum which probably evolved under insular isolation. After revision of its conservation status, it should be considered as critically endangered (CR) following the IUCN criteria.     

四川葱属一新种及其核型

本文分析了该新种的核型,其核型公式为K(2n)＝2x＝16=14m+2st(2SAT),具一对居间随体,有时该居间随体不明显。核型的不对称性为2A型。     

A New Species of Allium L. from Sichuan and Its Karyotype

The new species of Allium L. , A. maowenense J. M. Xu, from Sichuan Province is described in this paper. It is similar to A. eusperma Airy-Shaw, but differs from the latter by white flowers and filaments about 2 times longer than tepals. The present paper also reports the karyotype of the new species. The karyotypic formula was K (2n) = 2x = 16 = 14m +2st (2SAT) with one pair of intercalary satellites, which sometimes were not found clear-ly. The karyotypic asymmetry belongs to Stebbins’ 2A type.     

A new species of Heterosentis Van Cleave, 1931 (Acanthocephala, Arhythmacanthidae), a parasite of pinguipedid fishes in the southwest Atlantic

A new species of arhythmacanthid acanthocephalan, Heterosentis martini n. sp., parasitic in the Argentinean sandperch Pseudopercis semifasciata (Cuvier) (Perciformes, Pinguipedidae) from the coasts of Argentina is described. Heterosentis martini n. sp. differs from all congeneric species by having 10 longitudinal rows of hooks in the proboscis, each with 7-8 hooks, consisting of 1 medium apical and 3 larger sub-apical hooks with root, and 3-4 smaller, basal, curved hooks with rudimentary roots and spines in both ventral and dorsal regions of the body. The most similar species, Heterosentis heteracanthus (Linstow, 1896) Van Cleave, 1931, and Heterosentis brasiliensis Vieira, Felizardo and Luque, 2009, also have 10 longitudinal rows of hooks, but H. heteracanthus differs from the new species by having only 3-5 (more frequently 4) hooks in each row, with only the anterior hook large and bearing a developed root. Heterosentis brasiliensis differs from the new species by possessing 2 sub-apical hooks in each row (instead of 3), similar body length but shorter proboscis, and trunk spines restricted to the ventral surface of body.     

Karyological observations on plant taxa endemic to the Balearic Islands

Mitotic chromosome numbers are reported from 35 vascular plant taxa endemic to the Balearic Islands that are poorly known cytogenetically. The chromosome numbers of Chaenorhinum rodriguezii (2 n  = 14), Coristospermum huteri (2 n  = 22), Carduus ibicensis (2 n  = 26), Filago petro-ianii (2 n  = 26), Ononis crispa ssp. zschackei (2 n  = 30), and Ophrys bertolonii ssp. balearica (2 n  = 36) were determined for the first time. New chromosome numbers are reported in Pimpinella bicknellii (2 n  = 22), Calamintha rouyana (2 n  = 46), Vicia bifoliolata (2 n  = 14), and Teucrium asiaticum (2 n  = 30). A new diploid cytotype (2 n  = 16) was found in Ranunculus paludosus ssp. barceloi , which is restricted to populations from the western Balearics (Eivissa and Formentera), whereas tetraploid plants are known from the eastern Balearics (Mallorca). It is suggested that the tetraploid cytotype arose from the diploid cytotype through autopolyploidy. The idiograms of Coristospermum huteri , Pastinaca lucida , Pimpinella bicknellii , Carduus ibicensis , Helianthemum scopulicolum , Helichrysum crassifolium , Vicia bifoliolata , p aeonia cambessedesii , Helleborus lividus , Ranunculus paludosus ssp. barceloi , and Linaria aeruginea ssp. pruinosa are determined for the first time.  © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2007, 153 , 463–476.     

A CLADISTIC ANALYSIS OF CIRCAEA (ONAGRACEAE)

Abstract— Circaea (Onagraceae), a genus of seven species from the northern hemisphere, forms a monophylctic group defined by the following synapomorphies: two stamens (opposite the sepals), fruits indehiscent capsules, hooked hairs on the fruits, and perianth parts reduced to two. A cladistic analysis of the genus was performed using 22 characters from morphology, anatomy and palynology. The seven species and seven additional subspecies were considered the terminal taxa. Polarity of the characters is based on the outgroup comparison method. Eighteen equally parsimonious cladograms were produced, each with 32 steps and a consistency index of 0.75. A successive weighting procedure was applied, resulting in six cladograms with a consistency index of 0.95. All 24 cladograms share the following seven monophylctic groups: (1) all species except C. cordala and C. glabrescens (stipules deciduous); (2) the group of C. mollis , the three subspecies of C. lutetiana and C. erubescens (exsertcd nectary); (3) C. repens and all six subspecies of C. alpina (single-seeded fruits, stolons terminated by tubers, and viscin threads reduced or absent); (4) the six subspecies of C. alpina (unilocular ovaries with no trace of a second loculc and tardily opening perianth); (5) C. alpina subspecies alpina, micrantha, pacifica , and imaicola (flowers opening on ascending to erect pedicels); (6) C. alpina subspecies alpina, micrantha , and pacifica (translucent leaves); (7) C. alpina subspecies alpina and murantha (glabrous stems). Results of the cladistic analysis support most of the current systematic classification of the genus, except for the relationships among the three subspecies of C. lutetiana .     

A new species of Sprostoniella Bychowsky and Nagibina, 1967 (Monogenea: Capsalidae) from Chaetodipterus zonatus (Osteichthyes: Ephippidae) in Chamela Bay, Mexico

A new species of Sprostoniella is described from the gills of Chaetodipterus zonatus in Chamela Bay, on the west coast of Mexico. The new species differs from the 2 previously described congeners by having smaller testes each of which is not nearly as long as the ovary. It further differs from the type species, Sprostoniella multitestis, by having a poorly developed pair of accessory sclerites and the cecal diverticula are not confluent posteriorly. The new species also differs from Sprostoniella micrancyra, the other species of the genus, by having a shorter peduncle, the glands of Goto are smaller than the testes and ovary, and by having a slightly different haptoral structure, with 1 pair of hamuli rather than 2 pairs, and 1 central haptoral loculus instead of 2 loculi.     

A Cytogeographical Study on Clintonia udensis (Liliaceae)

The genus Clintonia has four species in North America and one in eastern Asia (Fig．1)．In this paper,the karyotypes and the intraspecific morphological and cytogeographic differentiations of ten populations of C．udensis from China are analysed,and the probable origin area of the genus is also discussed．The conclusions are as follows： (1)Based On the chromosome numbers 2n=28 from the North American species,the Japanese and Himalayan groups,the earlier investigators established x=14 as the basic chromosome number of Clintonia,and they thought that there was polyploid in this genus except for aneuploid only in C．borealis (Utech,1975;Utech and Suda,1975),but a few authors(Sen,1975;Wang et al,1993)pointed out the x=7 basic number of this genus based on 2n=14 in C．udensis from Primorskiy Kray of Russia(Skolovskaya,1966)and Yunlong,Yunnan Province of China(Wang et al,1993)respectively．Our result along with there reports by previous authors(see table 1)shows that at least two ploid levels exist in C．udensis,i.e．2n＝14 and 2n＝28．The diploids are widely distributed from northwest Yunnan of China to Primorskiy Kray of Russia,while the tetraploids are located in northwest Yunnan,Himalayas,Japan,and a narrow area in Mt．Hualongshan of southern Shaanxi(07 population)(Fig．2)．Therefore,the basic chromosome number of Clintonia certainly is x=7 ratherthan x=14,while 2n=28 in North America,Japan and Himalayan area are tetraploid, not diploid, According to the previous data,so far no diploid taxa of Clintonia has been found in North America and Himalayas．So we consider that the primitive type of Clintonia is in eastern Asia,and the secondary diversity center and the present distribution center of this genus are in North America． (2)C．udensis is widely distributed in eastern Asia(Fig．2);it has two cytotypes．The karyotypes for all the diploid populations are remarkablely similar. Taken together, they can be roughly repersented by the formula:K(2n)=14=2V+6J+2v+4j(2NOR+2j). The chromosomes range in length 25.55～12.78 μm, with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.0. The karyotype belongs to Stebbins (1971)2A(→2B). For the tetraploid taxa, except for 07 population, karyotypes are also identical and may be roughly symbolized as: K (2n)=28=4V + 12J + 4v+8j ( 2NOR + 6j ). The length of chomosomes is from 27.87 to 13.93 μm, with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.0, and thus the karyotype belongs to 2A(→2B). The karyotype of 07 population is similar to those of above tetraploid taxa but also has some differences, especially in the position of satellites and the morphology of 10th and 14th pairs of chromosomes. Its formula is K(2n)=28=4V+12J(2NOR+10J)+4v+ 8j(2n=28=10m+16sm(2SAT)+2st). The ratio of the longest (23.72μm)to the shortest(12.97μm) chromosomes is 1.83. The Karyotype belongs to 2A. And the distribution range of this population is very narrow. We think that it is probably a recent evolutionary event in C. udensis. (3)Wether Clintonia in eastern Asia has 1 sp. or 2 spp. or 1 spp. and 1 var. has been debated for a long period. According to our observation, within C. udensis, only the size of seeds is related to its ploidy level, i.e. diploid individuals have smaller seeds and tetraploid ones have larger ones; the colour of seeds is related to its geographic distribution, i.e. the materials from the Himalayas through Yunnan, Sichuan to eastern Qinling Range have pale brown seeds, while those from Mt. Lüliang, Shanxi Province via Hebei, Liaoning, Jilin to Siberia and Japan have dark brown seeds. Some other morphological characters, such as the size of leaves and fruits, inflorescence type and flower numbers between individuals in one locality, even within one populaion have evident variation. Therefore, we consider that evidence(see Table 4 )for separating C. alpina or C. udensis var. alpina from C. udensis is notsufficient.     

Mathevolepis junlanae sp. n. (Cyclophyllidea: Hymenolepididae: Ditestolepidini), a new cestode species from shrews of Far East

Mathevolepis junlanae sp. n. from shrews (Sorex spp.) of Far East is described given. The new species occupies an intermediate position between the Palaearctic species M. petrotschenkoi Spassky, 1948 (total number of proglottids--4) and M. skrjabini (Sadovskaya, 1965) (10-12 segments in a series) by the number of synchronously developing proglottids (2-4). The new species differs from M. larbi Karpenko, 1982 by the structure and measurements of copulative apparatus in proglottids. In M. larbi, vagina S-shaped, vagina length 0.147-0.154 mm, cirrus length 0.146-0.149 mm, and cirrus bursa reaching aporal excretory vessels. M. junlanae sp. n. has cirrus bursa slightly crossing center line of sexually mature proglottids, cirrus about half as long (0.084-0.092 mm), and smaller sac-shaped vagina (0.075-0.10 mm). The new species differs from the Nearctic representative M. macyi (Locker and Rausch, 1952) by lesser measurements of cirrus bursa (0.12-0.14 mm versus 0.4 mm) and a fewer number of proglottids in series (2-4 versus 5-7).     

A synopsis of East-Mediterranean Synaphris Simon, 1894 (Araneae, Synaphridae) with a description of a new species from Israel

Three species of Synaphris occurring in the East Mediterranean - Synaphris orientalis Marusik & Lehtinen, 2003, Synaphris lehtineni Marusik, Gnelitsa & Kovblyuk, 2005 and Synaphris letourneuxi (Simon, 1884) - are surveyed; and a new species - Synaphris wunderlichisp. n. - is described from southern Israel on the basis of males. The new species differs from other East- Mediterranean congeners by its smaller size, a smaller lamella with fewer ridges, and a thick palpal femur. Comparative figures are provided for all species from the East Mediterranean.     

A new species of Comephoronema (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae) from the stomach of the abyssal halosaur Halosauropsis macrochir (Teleostei) from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

A new species of parasitic nematode Comephoronema macrochiri n. sp. (Cystidicolidae), is described from the stomach of the marine deep-sea fish Halosauropsis macrochir (abyssal halosaur) from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). The new species, studied with both light and scanning electron microscopy, is characterized mainly by 6 pairs of preanal papillae, by which it principally differs from members of Ascarophis; the spicules are 297-375 microm and 99-120 microm long and fully developed eggs possess 2 long filaments on 1 pole. Rhabdochona beatriceinsleyae is transferred to Comephoronema as C. beatriceinsleyae (Holloway and Klewer, 1969) n. comb. Comephoronema macrochiri differs from all other congeners mainly in having eggs with filaments on 1 pole only, and from individual species by some additional features such as the number of preanal papillae, the shape of pseudolabial projections, and the body and organ measurements.     

A New Scolopocryptopid Centipede from Northeastern Brazil (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha)

A new species of centipede, Scolopocryptops piauhyensis sp. n., is described from Piauí State, northeastern Brazil. It is the only species in this genus known to occur in the ‘caatinga’ biome. The new species is related to S. inversus (Chamberlin, 1921) and S. ferrugineus (Linné, 1762) but differs primarily in the short, high dental plates of the coxosternum, the wider ultimate sternite, and the smaller pore field on the coxopleuron of the ultimate segment.     

Thysanotaenia congolensis n. sp. (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) in the lesser savanna cane rat, Thryonomys gregorianus from Democratic Republic of Congo, Africa

Ten (100%) lesser savanna cane rats, Thryonomys gregorianus, collected from the Lake Kivv area of the Democratic Republic of Congo, Africa were found to be infected with an undescribed anoplocephalid tapeworm, Thysanotaenia congolensis n. sp. Like other species of Thysanotaenia, T. congolensis n. sp. has the ovary and vitellarium centrally located, and the egg capsules and testes are intervascular. The new species differs from the 2 existing species, Thysanotaenia lemuris in lemurs and Thysanotaenia cubensis in humans, in being smaller (34-50 mm long) and in having a smaller scolex (260-410 microns in diameter), a shorter cirrus sac (115 microns long), and smaller eggs (40 microns in diameter). Anastomoses of the excretory system and formation of egg capsules in the new species are also described.     

A new species of Polystichum (Pteridophyta: Dryopteridaceae) from South Africa

A new Polystichum (Pteridophyta: Dryopteridaceae) species, P. incongruum J.P.Roux sp. nov. from the Western and Eastern Cape Provinces from Soudi Africa is described. This variable species is related to P. pungens (Kaulf.) C.Presl but differs from it in pinnule morphology, the frequent occurrence of glandular cells along the sporangium stalk, the (more rare) occurrence of clavate unicellular glands along the indusium margin and a chromosome number of 2 n = 164.     

Acanthocephalus tahlequahensis sp. n. (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) from the the stippled darter, Etheostoma punctulatum (Agassiz), in northeastern Oklahoma.

Acanthocephalus tahlequahensis sp. n. was recovered from the intestines of 4 species of freshwater fishes, Etheostoma punctulatum, E. spectabile, Nocomis asper, and Notropis pilsbryi, collected in northeastern Oklahoma. The new species is distinguished from all other species of Acanthocephalus, except A. japonicus (Fukui and Morisita 1936) Petrochenko 1956, and A. fluviatilus Paperna 1964, by having smaller proboscis hooks. The length of the proboscis hooks for males is 27 to 38 (33) mum and for females 35 to 46 (42) mum. A. tahlequahensis is smaller than either A. japonicus or A. fluviatilis, and has about half the number of longitudinal rows of proboscis hooks of A. japonicus and half the number of proboscis hooks in each longitudinal row of A. fluviatilus. In addition to having smaller hooks. A. tahlequahensis differs from other species of Acanthocephalus parasitizing North American fishes by its smaller, spindle-shaped trunk and more hooks in each longitudinal row.     

假芝属一新种

文报道了1988年5月采自香港的假芝属 Amauroderma 的一个新种,命名为香港假芝 Amauroderma hongkongense Fan et Liu,模式标本保存在山西大学真菌标本室。     

Megalophallus deblocki n. sp. (Digenea: Microphallidae) from Rostrhamus sociabilis (Vieillot) (Aves: Accipitridae) in Paraguay

A new species in the little-known digenean fauna of Paraguayan birds is described in detail, especially in relation to its terminal genitalia. The new form, Megalophallus deblocki n. sp., is a microphallid from the intestine of the snail kite Rostrhamus sociabilis (Vieillot). It is differentiated in detail from its congeners, but differs mainly in having a substantially larger phallus (e.g. in relation to the ventral sucker), a smaller ventral sucker and smaller eggs. Comments are included on the functional morphology of the terminal genitalia.     

A new species of Ascocotyle (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) from the South American sea lion, Otaria flavescens, off Patagonia, Argentina

We describe a new heterophyid species, Ascocotyle (Ascocotyle) patagoniensis n. sp., based on specimens collected from the intestines of the South American sea lion Otaria flavescens from Patagonia (Argentina). Ascocotyle (A.) patagoniensis n. sp. is distinguished from the other species of the subgenus by the number of circumoral spines, which are arranged in 2 rows of 18 to 23. The new species also differs from the other species in having a gonotyl without papillae. The specimens exhibited the widest seminal receptacle described for a species of this subgenus. Species of the subgenus Ascocotyle usually infect fish-eating birds or mammals in freshwater or brackish habitats. Ascocotyle (A.) patagoniensis n. sp. is the first species of the subgenus described from a marine mammal. However, no metacercariae of Ascocotyle spp. were found in 542 marine teleosts from 20 species collected in the same locality. The life cycle of the marine species from the Ascocotyle -complex infecting pinnipeds remains elusive.     

Holcoglossum nujiangense (Orchidaceae: Aeridinae) – a new species and its pollination system

Based on herbarium and field observations, a new species, Holcoglossum nujiangense , is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to Holcoglossum sinicum and H. weixiense . Holcoglossum nujiangense differs from H. weixiense by smaller flowers with broadly rhombic midlobe and from H. sinicum by its broadly rhombic midlobe, papillose spur and notable callus on the disc. The chromosome number of this species was found to be 2n=38. The pollinator for this new species was Micraphis andreniformis Smith that carried the pollinia of Holcoglossum nujiangense on its head. The visiting behavior of the pollinator is food-search kind, although there is no obvious nectar in the spur.