武汉地区硅质磷片金藻的初步研究

1986年11月,在武汉植物所的3个池塘及东湖附近的池塘内采集的标本中,含有大量的具硅质磷片的金藻,共11种,分别隶属于Spiniferomonas,Paraphysomonas, Chrysosphaevella, Mallomonas和Synura 5个属。本文提供了这些藻的硅质磷片、刺及毛的电镜照片。这些藻在中国研究得很少,许多种都是第一次报道,它们中的大多数在世界上其它一些地区也是普遍出现的,有些则毫无疑问地属于世界性分布。     

华山的硅藻

华山是我国名山之一。这里的植物以前很少有人研究,藻类方面,至今未见有人报道。1976年至1982年作者对该地区进行了多次调查采集,现将研究结果报道如下。     

7种铁线莲的染色体研究

本文描述了我国产毛茛科铁线莲属的7个种的染色体数目和形态。其核型公式分别为:芹叶铁线莲和宽芹叶铁线莲为2n(2x)=16=10m+6st(2SAT);黄花铁线莲和棉团铁线莲及山木通为2n(2x)=10m+4st+2t(2SAT);圆锥铁线莲为2n(2x)=32=20m+8st(2SAT)+4t(2SAT);吴兴铁线莲为2n(4x)=32=20m+6st(4SAT)+6t(4SAT);本文还讨论了一些种的分类问题。     

中华猕猴桃与毛花猕猴桃种间杂交初步研究

本文用中华猕猴桃和毛花猕猴桃为材料进行种间杂交试验,初步结果表明,两物种间具有一定程度的杂交亲合性。正反交组合的座果率与对照组一样,均为100%;其当代果重和种子数量,均低于对照组;与亲本类似,杂交组合当代果重与种子数量呈正相关。本文可供猕猴桃育种工作及种系发生研究参考,     

巴山冷杉针叶精油化学成分的研究

应用毛细管气相色谱标准样品叠加法和色谱-质谱-计算机联用技术分析了巴山冷杉(Abies fargesii Franch. )针叶精油的化学成分。从气相色谱分离出的225个色谱峰中,初步鉴定出43个组分,占精油总量的94.15%,主要成分为α-蒎烯(13.25%)、柠檬烯(10.82%)、石竹烯(10.75%)、莰烯(10.40%)、乙酸龙脑酯(6.9%)、γ-杜松烯(6.28%)、α-蛇麻烯(3.97%)、檀烯(3.52%)、芳萜醇(3.02%)、α-依兰油烯(2.76%)、β-甜没药醇(2.56%)及α-橙花叔醇(2.54%)等。     

几种表面活性剂对两种作物安全性的初步研究

在植物中广泛存在着具有表面活性剂功能的物质,如皂苷、糖脂、磷脂等,这类物质的存在可增加水溶性较低的化合物的溶解度。在进行化感物质活性检测时,为了真实和准确地反映水溶性较低的化合物在自然条件下的溶解情况及生物活性,利用表面活性剂进行助溶是较为有效的手段。表面活性剂在以植物为受试对象的活性检测中应用不多,缺乏对其安全性的研究。本研究以小麦和白菜种子作为受试对象,对表面活性剂吐温80、吐温60、吐温40、吐温20,泊洛沙姆188以及卖泽52的安全性进行了研究,实验结果表明,各种助溶剂对小麦和白菜的安全浓度分别是：吐温80浓度为低于0·1%、低于1·5%（小麦、白菜,下同）;吐温60浓度为低于0·5%、低于4·0%;吐温40浓度为低于0·1%、低于6·0%;吐温20浓度为等于0·1%、低于0·1%;泊洛沙姆188浓度为低于8·0%、低于4·0%;卖泽52浓度为低于1·0%、等于0·5%。吐温80、吐温60、吐温40和泊洛沙姆188安全范围较宽,在化感研究中可作为助溶剂使用;卖泽52和吐温20的安全浓度范围相对较窄,不建议用作化感研究中的助溶剂。     

虫草蝙蝠蛾的有丝分裂染色体特性

本文首次报道虫草蝙蝠蛾（鳞翅目，蝙蝠蛾科，蝙蛾属）的有丝分裂染色体核型。应用醋酸分离和热干燥技术，研究了云南的两种虫草蝙蝠蛾Hepialus zhayuensis Chu er Wang Hepialus sp.的有丝分裂染色体，　他们的染色体数目为2n=64。在有丝分裂的早中期染色体上清晰地呈现出散漫着丝粒。然而，分裂中期和较晚的中期阶段，每条染色体裁都具有显著的初级着丝粒（即主缢痕）。他们的雄性中期核型都有一对典型的异型性染色体，X染色体着色稍淡，且都具中或亚中着丝粒；Y染色体比X染色体长，染色很深。 在胸性的分裂间期细胞中，观察到异固缩性染色质体，此异固缩体是Y染色体。     

大壁虎不同地理居群的遗传变异与分化

以线粒体细胞色素b (Cyt b) 基因作为分子标记，对中国广西12个地区，以及越南和老挝大壁虎(Gekko gecko) 进行序列测定，获得Cyt b基因424 bp的序列片段，共有7个单倍型。以白脊壁虎和沙虎为外群，用邻接法和最大简约法构建了大壁虎不同地理种群的系统发育关系，其结果显示中国广西4个不同单倍型黑大壁虎之间的平均遗传距离为0.20%—1.20%，越南红大壁虎与老挝红大壁虎之间的平均遗传距离为0.50%，广西宁明红大壁虎与越南红大壁虎和老挝红大壁虎之间平均遗传距离分别为1.70%和2.20%。广西黑大壁虎种群与红大壁虎种群之间的平均遗传距离为8.60%—9.50%，达到了亚种或种分化的差异。     

SCALED CHRYSOPHYTES (CHRYSOPHYCEAE AND SYNUROPHYCEAE) FROM ADIRONDACK DRAINAGE LAKES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES1

The relationships between 23 scaled chrysophyte taxa (Chrysophyceae and Synurophyceae) and measured limnological variables in 62 Adirondack, New York, drainage lakes were examined by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The major proportion of variation in chrysophyte species distributions was strongly related to total monomeric Al (Al_m) and Mg concentrations, and their close correlates pH, Na, Ca, and acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC). Total monomeric Al concentrations explain a greater proportion of species variation than pH, suggesting that Al_m concentrations may be more important in governing the distribution of chrysophyte taxa in these lakes. Gaussian logit (GL) and linear logit (LL) regressions of the relative percentages of individual chrysophyte taxa to lakewater pH and Al_m concentrations and the examination of pH–Al_m response surfaces show that many chrysophyte taxa exhibit unique responses to these environmental gradients; taxa can be characterized as alkaline, circumneutral, acidic, and pH indifferent. Within each of these groups, taxa can be characterized further based upon their optima and tolerances to Al_m concentrations. Chrysophyte indicator species (i.e. a taxon with a strong statistical relationship to the environmental variable of interest, a well-defined optimum, and a narrow tolerance to the variable of interest) for pH include Mallomonas hindonii, M. crassisquama, M. pseudocoronata, and Synura uvella; M. hindonii, M. crassisquama, M. pseudocoronata, S. petersenii, and S. spinosa are good indicators of Al_m concentrations. Highly significant predictive models were developed to infer lakewater pH and Al_m concentrations from the relative percentages of chrysophyte scales in the study lakes. Model evaluation was based on their correlation coefficients and the root-mean-squared error of prediction (RMSE) derived from bootstrapping. Weighted averaging regression and calibration with tolerance down-weighting (i.e. weighting taxa inversely to their variance) produced superior results when compared to the computationally and data-demanding maximum likelihood methods and to simple weighted averaging regression and calibration.     

POLYMERIZATION OF SILICA IN ACIDIC SOLUTIONS: A NOTE OF CAUTION TO PHYCOLOGISTS1

Concentrated stock solutions of sodium metasilicate (Na₂SiO₃.9H₂O), prepared in deionized-distilled water and acidified to pH 2 as suggested by McLachlan (1973), were found to be polymerized; stocks kept at their alkaline pH of dissolution were not polymerized. Depolymerization studies using the acidified stock added to deionized-distilled water, 3% NaCl or artificial saltwater medium showed that complete depolymerization took longer than 2 days. Studies of Si uptake, using the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana (Hust.) Hasle and Heimdal, showed that use of an acidified Si stock for experiments can lead to anomolous results. It is recommended that concentrated Si stocks be stored at their pH of dissolution and not be acidified prior to addition to media. In instances where the pH must be adjusted prior to addition (e.g. in some Si-uptake experiments), it may be necessary to take into account polymerization / depolymerization effects.