缬草与蜘蛛香挥发油的抗菌抗氧化活性研究

通过对缬草和蜘蛛香挥发油抗菌抗氧化活性的研究,为开发天然高效的抗菌抗氧化药物提供新的选择。采用纸片扩散法和试管稀释法对缬草和蜘蛛香挥发油进行抑菌圈大小及最小抑菌浓度的测定;用DPPH法对其抗氧化能力进行研究。结果表明:缬草和蜘蛛香挥发油均具有一定的抗菌作用,细菌试验中对金黄色葡萄球菌的作用最强,二者对其最小抑菌浓度分别为3.125 mg/mL和6.25 mg/mL;对真菌的抑制作用相对较弱,其中蜘蛛香挥发油作用强于缬草挥发油。两者挥发油不同浓度对DPPH自由基有较好的清除能力,实验浓度范围内,最高清除率分别达65.35%和71.75%,均强于阳性对照品BHT。     

中国野生植物资源 第25卷（2006年）总目次

第1期(2006年2月)苦苣苔科(Gesneriaceae)植物研究进展温放,李湛东(1)世界传统医药体系与草药的应用袁昌齐,冯煦,单字,等(7)缬草和蜘蛛香的资源分布及民族药用调查黄宝康,郑汉臣,张巧艳,等(12)福建漳平市野生观赏植物陈世品,陈存及(16)广州市郊野生药用植物资源调查陈红锋,刘东明,易绮斐,等(19)马齿苋科植物的潜在价值研究王红艳,王鸿磊,黄群策(23)水生植物在瘦西湖公园中的应用田跃萍(26)河南省大别山区百合科野生花卉资源朱正普,戴启金(29)金钟藤的危害与利用孙东磊,申建梅,万树青,等(32)峨眉山天南星科药用植物资源研…     

蜘蛛香的研究进展

本文介绍了国内外对中药蜘蛛香的生药学、化学成分、药理活性、组织培养、活性成分含量测定等的研究概况。蜘蛛香的化学成分有挥发油成分、环烯醚萜成分 (包括其酯和甙 )及其他一些成分。药理活性包括镇静催眠、抗菌、抗病毒、细胞毒、抗肿瘤和对循环系统的作用。活性成分含量测定包括挥发油 ,缬草素类成分 ,β -谷甾醇及总酸的测定。     

中国欧缬草近缘种的分类订正

作者通过查阅国内外标本及多次野外调查采集,对我国的欧缬草近缘种做了一个初步整理。经研究发现,在我国与欧缬草相近的缬草种共有6种1变种,其中包括两个新种;此外,欧缬草在我国仅有引种栽培,而与我国广泛分布且过去被误定为欧缬草的并非一种。     

最安全的安定药——缬草

缬草（Ｖａｌｅｒｉａｎａｏｆｆｉｃｉｎａｌｉｓ）是败酱科多年生草本植物,产于欧洲和亚洲温带地区,在我国自东北至西南均有分布。缬草的根茎有强烈气味,含香精油,其主要成分是戊酸冰片酯和甲酸冰片酯。早在中世纪,民间已将缬草的干根茎加工后用作调味品或香精。...     

马蹄香环烯醚萜类成分的分离鉴定

马蹄香又名蜘蛛香,系败酱科缬草属植物(Valeriana jatamansi Jones),其根茎民间用于消化不良,小儿疽积,腹泻等。本品种的化学成分已报道含挥发油,并具有抗心律失常作用。国外学者从该种植物中分离鉴定了环烯醚萜类成分,并具有镇静和改善协调能力的作用,近来还报道有细胞毒作用。     

马蹄香精油的化学成分研究

马蹄香(Valeriana jatamansi Jones.)系败酱科缬草属植物,又名蜘蛛香、土细辛、鬼见愁等。多年生草本。生于土壤潮湿、富含有机质的地方,常见于海拔1800—2800米疏林或灌木林下,或溪沟、田埂边,云南全省均有分布,也产于四川、贵州、湖北、河南、陕西等省。其根具特有的香气,是常用于消食健胃、理气止痛、祛风解毒的中药。尽管马蹄香在我国早已广泛应用,但其精油的化学成份一直未见报道,为此我们对其根精油进行了分析。气相色谱示一共含有17个成分(见图1),主要成份约有10种,我们鉴定了8种成分(见表1),另外含量约为10.9％和18.7％的二个倍半萜类和20.3％的一个酯类化合物尚未鉴定。     

麻叶荨麻化学成分、药理作用及应用研究进展

麻叶荨麻在我国分布广泛,资源丰富,药用价值极大,具有抗炎、抗菌、抗氧化及抑制前列腺增生的药理作用,在我国各民族医学上都被广泛地进行药用。该文归纳了近年来麻叶荨麻在化学成分、药理作用及应用价值方面的研究进展,旨在为其更好地发挥药用价值以及进一步的开发应用提供参考。     

宽叶缬草繁殖生物学特性研究

报道了药用植物宽叶缬草自然生长的历程,并对其不同生长环境及传粉环境下收获的瘦果千粒重和发芽率进行了统计分析。结果表明在不同的生长环境中,宽叶缬草瘦果千粒重有极显著差异;而在不同传粉环境中,养蜂实验区和防蜂实验区瘦果的发芽率有极显著差异,且前者高出后者近4倍。证明了通过增加传粉媒介蜜蜂的数量能够解决宽叶缬草人工栽培中的制种问题,从而使大面积栽培宽叶缬草成为可能,实现对宽叶缬草资源的可持续利用。     

蜘蛛香中的环烯醚萜类化合物在巨噬细胞中的抗炎活性研究

蜘蛛香(Valeriana jatamansi Jones)作为我国多个民族常用的传统草药具有广泛的药用价值,从蜘蛛香中筛选有效化合物并研究其作用机制,对蜘蛛香的综合开发和利用具有重要的意义。本研究采用脂多糖(LPS)处理RAW264.7细胞作为炎症细胞模型,对从蜘蛛香干燥根及根茎中分离得到的14个环烯醚萜类化合物进行抗炎活性研究。结果显示,化合物1、2、3、5、8、9均可以明显抑制NO的产生,其中化合物1和2的抑制效果最为显著,IC_(50)值分别为0.88和0.62μmol/L。进一步实验研究结果显示,化合物1和2可抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的分泌,下调iNOS、COX-2、NLRP3蛋白表达及IκBα、STAT3和mTOR的磷酸化水平,但是对MAPKs蛋白家族无明显影响。综上说明化合物1和2可能通过下调NF-κB及mTOR/STAT3信号通路,减少炎症相关蛋白的表达以及炎症因子的分泌,从而降低LPS诱导的巨噬细胞的炎性反应。     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Hip Circumference and Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in Men and Women

Objective: It has recently been demonstrated that, in middle‐aged women, a wide hip circumference is a protective factor for a number of health endpoints in later years. The effect seems to be independent of both overweight and waist circumference. This paper aims to replicate this finding in another population‐based sample consisting of women and men. Research Methods and Procedures: This was a prospective observational study consisting of a random subset of adult Danes. A total of 2987 subjects born in 1922, 1932, 1942, or 1952 and 35, 45, 55, or 65 years of age (at examination in 1987 to 1988) participated in the Danish MONICA (MONItoring trends and determinants of CArdiovascular disease) project, with measurements of height, weight, and hip and waist circumference taken. Through personal identification numbers, incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) until the end of 1998 and all causes of death until 2001 were retrieved from the National Registers of Hospital Discharge. There was an average of 10 years of follow‐up for incidence of CVD and CHD and 13 years of follow‐up for total mortality. Results: Large hip circumference, relative to body size and waist circumference, predicted less incidence of CVD, CHD, and total death in women. This was not the case in men; BMI and waist circumference were the strongest independent predictors. Discussion: A large hip circumference seems to have independent and positive effects on CVD and CHD morbidity and mortality in women, but no protective effect on cardiovascular health in men. However, a borderline significant protective effect on total mortality was observed.     

Maternal and fetal cadmium and selenium status in normotensive and hypertensive pregnancy

Cadmium and selenium concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord blood and amniotic fluid were determined in 37 normotensive and 23 hypertensive women during the last trimester of pregnancy in relation to their smoking status. Thiocyanate concentration in plasma was used as the index of smoking status. Cadmium and selenium were determined with atomic absorption spectrometry (graphite furnace and mercury hydride system). In the group of normotensive and hypertensive women, significantly higher cadmium and lower selenium concentrations in blood in smokers were observed than in nonsmokers. Umbilical cord blood selenium concentrations in both normotensive and hypertensive smokers were significantly lower than in nonsmokers as well. In the group of normotensive women, significant differences in selenium concentrations in amniotic fluid were observed between smokers and nonsmokers. In conclusion, the results of this study show that hypertension in pregnant women smokers is related to significantly higher blood cadmium concentrations, which indicates that cadmium may be considered as an independent factor involved in hypertension.     

姜黄色素及其提制方法

来源于姜科姜黄属植物姜黄根茎的姜黄是国内外食品行业允许使用的重要天然色素之一,具有重要的开发利用价值。姜黄素的主要提取方法可分为有机溶剂提取法和水提取法;精制方法主要包括专一性溶剂法、酸碱法、酶水解法和柱层析法等。文中对各种方法进行了简要介绍和评述。     

Selenium and malondialdehyde content and glutathione peroxidase activity in maternal and umbilical cord blood and amniotic fluid

Placenta tissue may be a major source of lipid peroxidation products in pregnancy. It was proven that placental peroxidation activity increases with gestation. Selenium (Se), as an essential constituent of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), takes part in the reduction of hydrogen peroxides and lipid peroxides. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a major breakdown product split off from lipid peroxides. In this study, Se and MDA content and GSH-Px activity were measured in blood and plasma taken from 20 apparently healthy nonpregnant women between 19 and 38 yr of age and from 115 unselected pregnant women between 17 and 45 yr of age (35 in the first trimester, 22 in the second trimester, 38 in the third trimester, and 20 within 2 d of delivery). Samples of umbilical cord blood and amniotic fluid were taken from women in the second and third trimesters and at delivery. The Se content was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), plasma MDA concentration by thiobarbituric acid reaction, and Se-dependent GSH-Px spectrometrically. Blood and plasma Se contents of nonpregnant women were below those considered adequate, indicating low selenium intake. In comparison to nonpregnant women, pregnant women had significantly decreased whole-blood and plasma Se levels in the second and third trimesters and at delivery. The significant drop of whole-blood SeGSH-Px activity was observed in the first trimester of pregnancy and its lower activity was maintained until delivery. A significant drop in plasma SeGSH-Px activity occurred in the second trimester and attained the minimal level at delivery. The Se level and SeGSH-Px activity in maternal and umbilical cord blood were at similar levels. Amniotic-fluid SeGSH-Px activity was nondetectable or exceptionally low and its Se content remained unchanged during pregnancy. Plasma levels of MDA were significantly decreased in the second and third trimesters and at delivery. The fetal blood plasma at birth had a lower MDA level compared to the levels of MDA of their mothers at delivery. A low, but significant inverse correlation existed between blood SeGSH-Px activity and plasma MDA content and between plasma Se and plasma MDA contents during pregnancy. A significant decrease of Se and SeGSH-Px activities (antioxidant enzyme) in both blood and plasma suggests a possible drop in total antioxidant status during pregnancy. Elevated MDA plasma levels might be the result of increased lipid peroxidation in placental tissue during pregnancy.     

Cobalt and antimony: genotoxicity and carcinogenicity

The purpose of this review is to summarise the data concerning genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of Co and Sb. Both metals have multiple industrial and/or therapeutical applications, depending on the considered species. Cobalt is used for the production of alloys and hard metal (cemented carbide), diamond polishing, drying agents, pigments and catalysts. Occupational exposure to cobalt may result in adverse health effects in different organs or tissues. Antimony trioxide is primarily used as a flame retardant in rubber, plastics, pigments, adhesives, textiles, and paper. Antimony potassium tartrate has been used worldwide as an anti-shistosomal drug. Pentavalent antimony compounds have been used for the treatment of leishmaniasis. Co(II) ions are genotoxic in vitro and in vivo, and carcinogenic in rodents. Co metal is genotoxic in vitro. Hard metal dust, of which occupational exposure is linked to an increased lung cancer risk, is proven to be genotoxic in vitro and in vivo. Possibly, production of active oxygen species and/or DNA repair inhibition are mechanisms involved. Given the recently provided proof for in vitro and in vivo genotoxic potential of hard metal dust, the mechanistic evidence of elevated production of active oxygen species and the epidemiological data on increased cancer risk, it may be advisable to consider the possibility of a new evaluation by IARC. Both trivalent and pentavalent antimony compounds are generally negative in non-mammalian genotoxicity tests, while mammalian test systems usually give positive results for Sb(III) and negative results for Sb(V) compounds. Assessment of the in vivo potential of Sb2O3 to induce chromosome aberrations (CA) gave conflicting results. Animal carcinogenicity data were concluded sufficient for Sb2O3 by IARC. Human carcinogenicity data is difficult to evaluate given the frequent co-exposure to arsenic. Possible mechanisms of action, including potential to produce active oxygen species and to interfere with DNA repair systems, still need further investigation.     

Salusin-alpha and -beta expression in heart and aorta with and without metabolic syndrome

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major health problem throughout the world. The role of salusins has not been investigated in heart and aortic tissues under MetS conditions. We examined the distribution of salusin alpha (sal-α) and salusin beta (sal-β) immunoreactivity in heart and aortic tissues and measured circulating salusin concentrations, glucose, insulin, triglycerides, free fatty acids, uric acid, and total cholesterol in Sprague-Dawley rats with and without MetS. Lipid, glucose, insulin and uric acid levels were determined using an autoanalyzer. Serum and tissue salusin levels were measured using ELISA. The expressions of salusins in the heart and aorta tissues were determined using immunohistochemical methods. Serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), sal-α and sal-β concentrations were significantly lower in the MetS group than in the control group. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), total cholesterol, glucose, uric acid and insulin concentrations were higher in the MetS group than in the control group. Sal-α and sal-β were synthesized locally in the fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells of the media of the aorta and in the muscle cells of the heart. Local synthesis of sal-α and sal-β was decreased with MetS. Our findings indicate that decreased serum concentrations of salusins and HDL-C and increased uric acid, glucose and triglyceride concentrations may be indicators of MetS and could play a role in the development of cardiovascular disease.