简并PCR法用于白色念珠菌MAPK新基因的筛选

ＭＡＰＫ很可能在白色念朱菌形态发生中起作用。根据所有ＭＡＰＫ保守区域ＶＩＢ和ＩＸ的氨基酸序列合成了两个简并的引物,以ＳＣ５３１４染色体ＤＮＡ作为模板,在非严谨条件下（３７℃）进行ＰＣＲ以筛选白色念球菌中新的ＭＡＰＫ基因,一共测定了１００个ＰＣＲ基因片段的序列,在２５个新基因片段中,筛选到两个新的ＭＡＰＫ基因片段,以这两个基因片段为控针从染色体基因库中克隆了对应的全长基因,序列分析表明它们是新的ＭＡ     

白色念珠菌CRK1基因的敲除及其功能研究

在筛选白色念珠菌促分裂原活化蛋白激酶（ＭＡＰＫ）相关蛋白激酶基因的过程中,得到了ＣＲＫ１（ＣＤＣ２－ｒｅｌａｔｅｄ ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ ｋｉｎａｓｅ １）基因。利用同源重组原理,敲除了ＣＲＫ１双拷贝基因片段,构建了ＣＲＫ１纯合缺失株,发现ＣＲＫ１基因的缺失影响到白色念珠菌的生长速度,絮凝生长和形态发生。     

白念珠菌新型耐药基因MXR1的敲除与鉴定

目的 构建用于白念珠菌MXR1基因敲除的载体质粒,并通过Ura-Blaster策略敲除MXR1两条等位基因.方法 分别扩增白念珠菌MXR1基因ORF两侧上下游的片段,通过酶切与连接反应,将上下游片段分别插入到p5921质粒的hisG-URA 3-hisG盒两端,从而形成MXR1敲除载体质粒pUC-MXR1-URA3.通过Ura-Blaster策略将载体质粒转染到白念珠菌RM 1000内,并采用PCR和Southern-blot杂交方法鉴定各步转染、复筛所得的阳性克隆.结果 成功获得MXR1基因缺失的菌株.结论 MXR1基因缺失菌株的构建,有助于深入研究白念珠菌耐药机制.     

CEK2,一个白色念珠菌新的MAPK能互补fus3／kss1突变 …

在利用合成寡核苷酸片段和利用简并ＰＣＲ方法筛选白色念球菌ＭＡＰＫ相关蛋白激酶基因的过程中,都得到了一个新的ＭＡＰＫ基因ＣＥＫ２（Ｃａｎｄｉｄａ ａｌｂｉｃａｎｓ ｅｘｔｒａｃｅｌｌｕｌａｒ ｓｉｇｎａｌ－ｒｅｇｕｌａｔｅｄ ｋｉｎａｓｅ２）。ＣＥＫ２基因全长为１１１９ｂｐ,编码３７３个氨基酸,白色念珠菌ＣＥＫ１同源性达５６％。ＣＥＫ２与啤酒酵母ＦＵＳ３基因同源性很高,核苷酸的同源 达５７％,氨基酸     

白色念珠菌CaECM25基因对细胞形态发生、细胞增殖及致病性的影响

白色念珠菌（Candida albicans）作为一种重要的机会性病原真菌,其致病性与细胞形态、细胞壁构成以及细胞生长速率都有着密切的关系．通过同源比对,在白色念珠菌中克隆了CaECM25基因,并构建了Caecm25A／A缺失突变体,对其是否影响细胞形态发生、细胞壁代谢以及致病性等进行了分析．结果显示,该基因的缺失会导致母细胞和子细胞分离异常,细胞生长速率明显变慢,真菌丝和假菌丝的伸长受阻,细胞黏附能力有所降低．动物实验模型表明,CaECM25基因的缺失会导致白色念珠菌毒力的下降．由此推测,白色念珠菌CaEcm25p为细胞壁合成与代谢以及细胞形态发生所需,并与其致病性相关．     

白色念珠菌氟康唑耐药相关基因研究进展

近 2 0年来由于临床上对癌症患者、器官移植患者大量使用化疗药物、广谱抗生素和免疫抑制剂 ,以及艾滋病 (AIDS)的流行 ,使深部真菌感染的发生率在免疫受损的病人群体中急剧升高。深部真菌感染已日益成为一种常见病、多发病 ,并已逐渐成为这类疾病患者死亡的主要原因之一。深部真菌感染中最常见菌属是念珠菌属 (Candidaspecies) ,其中以白色念珠菌 (Candidaalbicans)为最常见菌种。目前临床上常用的抗真菌药物有两大类 :干扰真菌细胞膜脂质合成的药物(二性霉素B ,唑类药物 )和干扰真菌核酸合成的药物 (5 氟胞嘧啶 )。由于唑类药物中的氟…     

白念珠菌基因敲除技术的研究进展

深部念珠菌感染已经成为最常见的医院获得性感染之一,其中白念珠菌是最主要的病原菌.白念珠菌难以防治的重要原因在于其具有广泛的耐药性.因此研究白念珠菌的耐药机制,寻找新的药物作用靶点都是目前需迫切解决的难题.采用基因敲除技术研究白念珠菌的耐药性已十分成熟.本文主要从方法学的角度总结了用于白念珠菌基因敲除的主要策略及其优缺点.     

Cleavage of human big endothelin-1 by Candida albicans aspartic proteinase

Abstract A Candida albicans aspartic proteinase (CAP), one of the secretory proteinases of Candida albicans , is thought to be a possible virulence factor in Candida albicans infection. Whereas endothelin-1 is found as an endothelium-derived strong vasoconstrictive peptide, it is known to have a role in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis and tissue survival. Endothelin-1 is generated from a precursor form of endothelin-1, the so-called big endothelin-1. It has recently been reported that cathepsin D, E and pepsin, which are aspartic proteinases, convert big endothelin-1 to endothelin-1. In this study, the relationship between CAP and big endothelin-1 was studied. High performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that big endothelin-1 was cleaved into several amino acid sites by CAP, but endothelin-1 was not converted from big endothelin-1. CAP cleaved big endothelin-1 at different sites when compared with that of other known aspartic proteinases, and it suppressed endothelin-1 production through the degradation of big endothelin-1. CAP may break homeostatic mechanism of endothelin-1 in Candida albicans infectious lesion.     

HOG1基因对白念珠菌超微结构的影响

目的探讨HOG1基因对白念珠菌超微结构的影响。方法设置实验组、HOG21组(hog1/hog1双等位基因缺陷株);对照组、WT组(标准株),分别在扫描电镜及透射电镜下观察两组菌株细胞的超微结构。结果扫描电镜下观察两组细胞均呈圆形或椭圆形,呈多边出芽繁殖的生长方式。但HOG1基因缺陷株细胞表面粗糙、凹凸不平,出芽数目比标准株少;标准株细胞表面光滑,出芽数量较多,可见"花瓣样"结构的芽痕;透射电镜下HOG1基因缺陷株细胞壁结构不完整,电子透明层厚薄不一,部分细胞可见棉絮状电子致密外层局灶性缺失、细胞膜外凸、不连续以及细胞膜周围见囊泡聚集等现象。标准株细胞壁各层结构完整。结论HOG1基因对白念珠菌细胞壁结构具有一定影响。     

白念珠菌SPE1基因高表达菌株构建及鉴定

目的构建白念珠菌SPEl基因高表达菌株。方法将白念珠菌．SPEl基因的ORF置于高表达质粒载体pCaE—xP的MErF3启动子后面,构建pCaEXP—SPEJ的高表达质粒,然后采用醋酸锂转染法将高表达质粒转染白念珠菌RMl000中,在SD—ura’met—cys-选择性固体培养基上筛选阳性克隆,抽取基因组进行PCR验证,将验证为阳性转染子的菌落采用RealTimeRT．PCR方法进行SPE1基因转录水平的表达验证。结果通过酶切鉴定pCaEXP—SPEl高表达质粒构建正确;通过PCR验证表明SPEl基因整合到亲本菌中的RPl0位点;通过RealTimeRT—PCR方法筛选出sPEJ基因在转录水平高表达的菌株。结论利用高表达质粒载体pCaEXP通过基因同源重组等方法正确构建SPEl基因高表达的白念珠菌。     

Antagonistic interplay of Swi1 and Tup1 on filamentous growth of Candida albicans

Candida albicans is a polymorphic human opportunistic pathogen in which the Swi-Snf complex functions as an activator whereas Tup1 acts as a general repressor during the yeast-hyphae transition. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the interplay between the Swi-Snf complex and the Tup1-Ssn6 repressive complex regulates the balance between active and repressed chromatin structures of a number of genes. To study the interplay between Candida albicans Swi1 and Tup1 and their effects on morphogenesis, we analyzed phenotypes of swi1/swi1, tup1/tup1 and swi1/swi1 tup1/tup1 mutants under various growth conditions. The swi1/swi1 mutant failed to form true hyphae, whereas the tup1/tup1 mutant exhibited constitutive filamentous growth. Deletion of SWI1 in the tup1/tup1 mutant completely blocked hyphal growth under all the conditions examined. Under aerobic conditions, the swi1/swi1 tup1/tup1 mutant most resembled the swi1/swi1 mutant in phenotype, actin polarization and gene expression pattern. In invaded agar, the double mutant showed similar phenotypes as the swi1/swi1 mutant, while under embedded conditions, it grew as a pseudohypha-like form different from that of the wild-type strain, swi1/swi1 or tup1/tup1 mutants. These results suggest that Swi1 may play a dominant role by antagonizing the repressive effect of the Tup1 on hyphal development in C. albicans.     

白念珠菌高铁还原酶FRP1基因的功能

白念珠菌((Candida albicans)获得铁的能力影响细胞的生长和毒力,高铁还原酶是白念珠菌高亲和铁吸收系统的重要组成部分.[目的]构建高铁还原酶FRP1(Ferric reductase protein)基因缺失突变株,对FRP1基因功能进行初步研究.[方法]使用Northem杂交的方法分析FRP1基因在缺铁和富铁条件下的表达.利用PCR介导的基因敲除技术构建frp1缺失突变株,并且对野生型和缺失突变株在细胞高铁还原酶活性以及缺铁条件下的生长情况进行比较分析.[结果]缺铁条件可以诱导FRP1基因的表达.frp1缺失突变株不能在铁缺陷的固体培养基上生长.[结论]FRP1蛋白可能是白念珠菌在缺铁条件下起主要作用的高铁还原酶.     

Infection of HEp2 epithelial cells with Candida albicans: adherence and postadherence events

We have previously observed that the infection of HEp2 epithelial cells with Candida albicans results in HEp2 cell actin rearrangement, and that a culture filtrate of C. albicans (Candida metabolite) caused the same changes and reduced membrane ruffling and motility. It was found that the Candida metabolite consisted of several proteins and nonproteinaceous components. In this study we report on the identity of three of the main proteins in the Candida metabolite, namely a secretory aspartate protease (Sap), an agglutinin-like adhesion sequence (Als) and a glucan 1,3-beta-glucosidase. The effect on HEp2 cells caused by the Candida metabolite, an inhibitor of the PKC MAP kinase signal pathway - bisindolylmaleimide (BIM), or the actin polymerization inhibitor - cytochalasin D (CyD) were studied alone and in combination. Exposure of HEp2 cells to the Candida metabolite, together with the BIM or CyD, had profound effects on HEp2 cell morphology, as compared to individually treated cells, and also reduced the adherence of the organisms to HEp2 cells. Our results show that the interaction of C. albicans with HEp2 cells is, not unexpectedly, complex, and involves changes in the host cell that may be related to the effect of Candida-secreted biomolecules.