Intestinal microflora of monkeys, normal and in pathology, and its correction by preparations of live bacteria from human biocenosis (coli bacteria, bifikol and bifidum bacterin)

The study of the qualitative and quantitative composition of intestinal microflora in 15 anthropoid apes, 60 lower primates and 72 monkeys with clinically pronounced dysbacteriosis was made, which revealed the prevalence of microorganisms belonging to the genus Proteus, a decrease in the biological activity of normal Escherichia coli and in the content of bifido- and lactobacteria. The treatment of 39 rhesus and pig-tailed macaques with the preparations of live bacteria occurring in normal human microflora led to clinical convalescence and the normalization of the bacteriocenosis, while in 33 control animals no positive shifts in clinical and bacteriological data were observed. The essential similarity of the composition of intestinal microflora in higher and lower primates and in man makes it possible to use these animals as models for testing the effectiveness of new biological preparations and determines the expediency of using bacterial therapy for the treatment of monkeys at the period of acclimatization.     

The correction of dysbiotic disorders of the vaginal microflora by using a preparation made from highly adhesive lactobacteria

The effectiveness of a new bacterial preparation obtained from highly adhesive lactobacteria and intended for the correction of dysbiotic disturbances of vaginal microflora was studied in the treatment of 60 pregnant women with dysbacteriosis of the maternal passages. 30 pregnant women were simultaneously treated by the vaginal application of Lactobacterin. The study showed that the use of the preparation of highly adhesive lactobacteria caused the pronounced and stable correction of the microflora of the maternal passages. This correction was manifested by the domination of lactic acid bacterial flora and a decrease in the number of opportunistic microorganisms.     

The correction of dysbiosis of the female reproductive tract by using an estradiol-containing preparation

The influence of Ovestin, an estradiol-containing preparation, on the vaginal microflora in women of the reproductive age in dysbiosis was studied. As the result of the local application of this preparation, the normalization of microflora was noted in 92% of women, which was manifested by an increase in the number of lactobacteria and indigenous corynebacteria, a decrease in the number, or elimination, of opportunistic microorganisms and the suppression of their capacity for persistence.     

Correction of intestinal microflora in chemotherapeutic dysbacteriosis using bifidobacterial and lactobacterial autologous strains

The oral administration of kanamycin (40 mg/kg) or ampiox (500 mg/kg) to guinea pigs for 5 days led to disturbances in their normal intestinal microflora, manifested by a sharp decrease in the levels of lactobacteria and bifidobacteria, as well as by the appearance of large amounts of enterobacteria and enterococci, normally not detected in the proximal and distal sections of the intestinal tract. In adult volunteers receiving kanamycin orally in a dose of 40 mg/kg for 5 days disturbances in microbiocenosis also occurred: the amount of enterococci, staphylococci, lactobacteria and bifidobacteria considerably decreased, enterobacteria becoming the dominating microorganisms. Three oral administrations of bifidobacterial and lactobacterial autostrains immediately after the abolition of the antibiotic facilitated the rapid and effective restoration of the intestinal microflora.     

Intestinal microecology in some systemic connective tissue diseases

In patients with systemic connective tissue diseases were studied. The species structure intestinal microflora was characterized by decrease of dominating status of anaerobic bacteria and increase of role of opportunistic bacteria. The number of Lactobacillus decreased significantly. Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides was also decreased in number while their detection rate did not change. Opportunistic bacteria with hemolytic activity acquired greater significance in the forming of patients' intestinal microbiocenosis. Significant increase of Staphylococcus and opportunistic Enterobacteriaceae detection rate and density of intestine colonization was detected. Colonization of the intestine by S. aureus was revealed. Comparative analysis of the qualitative and quantitative structure of the intestinal microflora in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic scleriasis revealed similar patterns. However, colonization of the gut by opportunistic intestinal bacteria, Candida and microorganisms with hemolytic activity was more frequently observed in patients with systemic scleriasis.     

The effect of "Solco" lactobacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus) on the survival and microflora of mice with a Salmonella infection

The Solco lactobacterial strain L. acidophilus Lat 11/83 has been used for the normalization of intestinal microflora in experimental post-infectious intestinal dysbacteriosis in mice. The results of experiments indicate that the intragastric administration of live Solco lactobacteria contributes to an increase in the survival rate of infected animals and the normalization of their gastrointestinal microflora. This strain may be used as a bacterial preparation for the regulation of intestinal microbiocenosis.     

The effect of a preparation made from Solco lactobacteria on the survival rate and intestinal microflora of irradiated animals

Lactobacillus acidophilus strain Lat 11/83 Solco has been used for the normalization of intestinal microflora in experimental post-irradiation intestinal dysbacteriosis in mice. The results of these experiments indicate that live Solco lactobacteria, introduced intragastrically, facilitate the enhancement of the survival rate of irradiated animals and the normalization of microflora in their gastrointestinal tract. The strain can be used as bacterial preparation for the regulation of intestinal microbiocenosis.     

Fecal microflora in healthy young people

The study of the intestinal microflora in 119 young adults was carried out. A high content of anaerobic representatives of the intestinal microflora (bifido- and lactobacteria) and extremely wide fluctuations in the number of E. coli (1-5 million to 700-800 million cells per g of feces) were shown. The species composition of the facultative group was found to be variegated. Staphylococci, yeast, fungi, opportunistic enterobacteria, as well as Escherichia and cocci with changed characteristics were detected. 23.5% of the subjects showed a high content of E. coli (greater than 200 million cells per g of feces) accompanied by the increased occurrence of Klebsiella and Escherichia with changed properties. These persons can be regarded as a high risk group with a higher incidence of acute intestinal diseases with unknown etiology.     

Hormonal correction of the resident microflora of the vagina and uterus cervix in women with chronic cervicitis

Clinical, microbiological and hormonal examination of women with chronic cervicitis revealed lesions in the upper section of the reproductive tract in a high proportion of those examined, hormonal disturbances being registered in 96.7% of women. Dysbiotic manifestations (suppression of lacto- and bifidoflora and the excessive growth of opportunistic microorganisms) in the uterus cervix and vagina observed in patients with chronic cervititis were not associated with the etiology of the inflammatory process. The degree of dysmicrobiocenosis in the lower section of the genital tract in women with chronic cervicitis depends on the character of hormonal disturbances. The most significant inhibition of the resident flora was observed when ovarian dysfunction occurred and less significant--in cases of hyperprolactinemia and changes in the level of hypophysial hormones. Hormonal disturbances led to contamination of vagina and cervical canal with opportunistic microorganisms that was inversely proportional to the presence of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria in these organs. Complex therapy of women with chronic cervicitis with the use of preparations for the correction of hormonal disturbances made it possible to restore the normal microflora of the genital tract and to improve the results of treatment.     

Influence of the oral administration of indigenous microorganisms on the resistance of mice to Salmonella infection

The influence of the oral administration of killed bifidobacteria, lactobacteria, bacteroids and fusobacteria on the anti- Salmonella resistance of mice, infected orally with S. dublin, was studied. Bifidobacteria and lactobacteria were shown to produce a dose-dependent immunostimulating effect. The oral administration of killed bifidobacteria and lactobacteria led to the enhanced resistance of mice to Salmonella infection. The oral administration of killed bifidobacteria was conductive to the normalization of the intestinal microflora in dysbacteriosis developing in cases of Salmonella infection. Bacteroids and fusobacteria were found to possess no such effect.     

Effect of homologous serum globulin preparations on the intestinal automicroflora of mice after irradiation

In experiments on 4000 noninbred and CBA mice the influence of the injections of alpha-, beta- and gamma-globusin, IgG and IgM, obtained from the sera of hemostimulated and intact mice, on the intestinal microflora after irradiation has been studied. The experiments have revealed that 3 subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injections of 1 mg per mouse, made 2, 24 and 48 hours after the irradiation of the animals with gamma-rays in a dose of 700 r, considerably reduce the intensity of the accumulation of opportunistic bacteria in the small and large intestines, commonly occurring in irradiated animals. A decrease in the number of lactobacteria is less pronounced. The preparations of globulin and IgG obtained from hemostimulated mice, i.e. enriched with normal tissue antibodies, have proved to be most effective.     

Immunochemotherapy of infants in the first year of life with intestinal infections due to opportunistic gram-negative aerobic bacteria]

The clinical and microbiological observations of 50 babies of the 1st year of age with intestinal infections due to opportunistic organisms were made. The babies were treated with antibacterial drugs and an immunoglobulin preparation. It was shown that the combined use of antibacterial and immunological preparations in the treatment of the babies with the intestinal infections caused by opportunistic organisms provided their earlier clinical recovery and lowered the unfavourable effect of the antibacterial drugs on the intestinal microflora.     

The effect of enterococci on normalizing the intestinal microflora in experimental dysbacteriosis

The normal microflora of the intestine produces essential influence on the vital activity of the host. The exposure of the body to the action of different unfavorable factors (roentgen radiation, the administration of antibiotics, Salmonella infection, etc) results in changes in the normal microflora of the gastrointestinal tract. This work was aimed at the study of the influence of Streptococcus faecium YDC-48 on the intestinal microflora of mice in experimental (chemotherapeutic, postirradiation) dysbacteriosis and Salmonella infection. The effect of the oral administration of S. faecium YDC-48 on the correction of the intestinal microflora of mice in cases of dysbacteriosis etiology was studied. The intragastric administration of S. faecium YDC-48 was found to induce an increase in the level of lactobacterin and a decrease in the number of opportunistic microorganisms in chemotherapeutic and postirradiation dysbacteriosis. The oral administration of S. faecium YDC-48 decreased the manifestations of intestinal dysbacteriosis in experimental Salmonella infection. The possibility of developing a preparation on the basis of S. faecium YDC-48, a representative of normal intestinal microflora, is discussed.     

Selective decontamination of the intestine and total gnotobiologic isolation in treatment of mice with acute radiation sickness]

Comparative study of ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin and amikacin showed that ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin had a selective action on the intestinal microflora of conventional mice. Amikacin induced inhibition not only of the opportunistic bacteria but also of the representatives of the indigenous microflora. The use of the drugs in combination with total gnotobiological isolation in treatment of experimental radiation sickness provided an increase in survival of the irradiated animals, the more so as ciprofloxacin was used.     

Formation of intestinal microflora in children during the first year of their life

In 525 young children the state of intestinal microbiocenosis was studied every month of the first year their life. The study revealed that the process of the microflora formation lasted throughout the first year of their life and was characterized by dysbiotic disturbances. During this period the aggravation of dysbiotic changes in the intestine of these children on months 3, 6-7 and 11-12 was of particular importance. The formation of stable dysbacteriosis led to a decrease in the immunological status of the child, which was manifested by the increased content of such microorganisms as hemolytic cocci, Proteus and a decrease in the quantitative level of bifidobacteria in the total intestinal microbiocenosis by the end of the first year of child's life.     

Qualitative composition of the normal intestinal microflora in individuals from the various age groups

The study of the microflora of the large intestine in healthy adult volunteers of different age groups (25-36, 55-68 and 88-94 years old), living in Switzerland, has been carried out. As revealed by the analysis of the result obtained in this study, normal intestinal microflora in adults has different qualitative and quantitative characteristics at different periods of their life. The greatest diversity of intestinal microflora is observed at a mature age (55-68 years old), while the poorest microflora is observed in people more advanced in age. The amount of microorganisms inhabiting the intestine reaches its maximum in people of mature age and is low in elderly people. Changes in normal intestinal microflora are probaly linked with morpho-functional transformations in the host body at different periods of life. It is expedient to work out the criteria of norm for the microflora of different age groups with a view to use these criteria for the evaluation of the microbial status of the intestine in persons of different age.     

Intestinal microflora in workers of harmful industry

Prolonged work in industry under unhealthy working conditions leads to disturbances in the normal intestinal microflora in employees. The content of bifidobacteria decreases simultaneously with an increase in the amount of opportunistic microorganisms. The degree of disturbances in intestinal microbiocenosis correlates with the length of service.     

Sensitivity of the intestinal microflora of patients to antimicrobial preparations studied in order to conduct rational antibiotic treatment

The oral administration of amikacin, ampiox, nystatin to CBA mice and the external treatment of the animals with 1% chlorhexidine solution makes it possible to create the germ-free state in the animals which must be then kept in a sterile box. If such animals receive the decantate of the patient's feces, introduced in a single administration, the microflora, which is subsequently formed in the intestine of the recipient animals, is identical to the donor's microflora. This permits the rapid and accurate determination of the sensitivity of the patient's intestinal microflora to different antimicrobial preparations and their combinations. The antibacterial preparations, effectively suppressing the patient's intestinal anaerobic opportunistic microflora in the intestine of the recipient mice, produce, if subsequently prescribed for treatment, a pronounced corrective effect on such microflora in the patient's intestine.     

Effect of human immunoglobulins on microflora of the large intestine in nonspecific ulcerative colitis

The use of commercial preparations of human immunoglobulin for the treatment of ulcerous colitis produces a positive effect on the microflora of the large intestine, contributing to the disappearance of Proteus, the lactose-negative forms of enterobacteria and the hemolytic variants of staphylococci, as well as to the increase of the amount of useful indigenous microflora (bifidobacteria and lactobacteria). The quantitative and qualitative improvement of the microflora leads, possibly, to the decrease of the intoxication of the body, improvement in the activity of the intestine and increased vitamin formation, thus giving a pronounced clinical effect and improvement in the endoscopic picture of the mucous membrane of the large intestine, peculiar for this disease.     

Photoinactivation of microorganisms in the presence of photosensitizers

Two photosensitizing preparation for the photodynamic therapy of oncological diseases have been obtained. As revealed in this study, under experimental conditions their action suppresses the growth of Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus, which may be of great importance for the treatment of infections. And in contrast to antibiotic therapy, their use may not affect the development of normal intestinal microflora. The study has shown that their derivatives with the residues of carbonic (or muramic) acids more intensively penetrate microorganisms through their cell walls. This makes in possible to expand the spectrum of action of the preparations. The proposed method permits the rapid analysis of the photochemical activity of preparation for photodynamic therapy in the process of their development.