THREE NEW SPECIES IN THECATILLARIACEAEFROM THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS OF CENTRAL SCOTLAND

Three species are recognized as additions to the British montane lichen flora:Catillaria gilbertiisp. nov.,Halecania bryophilasp. nov., andH. micaceasp. nov. All three have so far been recorded only from the mica-schist mountains of the Central Highlands of Scotland.     

SPECIES OF THE GENUSLECIDEA(LECANORALES) ON GYPSUM IN SPAIN

The genusLecideain the lichen flora of the gypsum soils of Spain is represented by two species:L. gypsicolaLlimona andL. circinarioidesCasares & Hafellner sp. nov., which are described in this article. Chemical, anatomical and ecological differences are also described, as is the taxonomic value of the morphological characteristics of the mature ascoma.     

Lichens from gambia,with a new black-fruiting isidiate caloplaca on savannah trees

Twenty-five lichen species are reported from Gambia. The corticolous isidiate Caloplaca gambiensis is described as new to science. It is characterized by a blackish, isidiate thallus and brown to black apothecia. It occurs on exposed trees in savannah area, where the lichen flora is dominated by Physciaceae. All 27 species mentioned are new records for Gambia; Trypethelium nigroporum is also new to Africa.     

Musaespora,a genus of pyrenocarpous lichens with campylidia,and other additions to the foliicolous lichen flora of New Guinea

Abstract: The new lichen genus Musaespora is described from Java and Papua New Guinea. It is the first known pyrenocarpous lichen genus with campylidia, and appears to belong to the Aspidotheliaceae. Three species are described, two foliicolous species from Papua New Guinea and one corticolous species from Java. In addition, a list is given of the foliicolous lichen flora of the site in Papua New Guinea, where the foliicolous Musaespora species have been found, two more new foliicolous species are described, Echinoplaca hispida and Sporopodium lucidum, and 19 species are recorded for the first time form Papua New Guinea.     

THE LICHEN VEGETATION OF ACID WATERCOURSES IN ENGLAND

The lichen vegetation of forty-five acid watercourses in England is described and related to ecological variables. The zonation scheme adopted for chalk and limestone streams that involves four overlapping bands of lichen vegetation related to length of submergence is also appropriate for this habitat. The flora involves around 90 species, a number of which are rarely recorded specialists. Evidence is presented that substratum chemistry is a more powerful ecological factor than water chemistry. An attempt has been made to relate the lichen flora to homogeneous stream segments from the headwaters down to the alluvial lowlands. An investigation into the effects of water quality showed that both suspended solids (silting) and eutrophication are highly deleterious to the lichen flora; the submerged and fluvial mesic zones are the first to be affected. The zonation across streams in England is compared with those reported from Germany and found to be closely similar.     

The lichens of high ground in the English Lake District

Abstract: A general account of the lichens of high-level acid habitats in the Lake District is provided. This is followed by detailed studies of base-rich sites in the Helvellyn range, acid outcrops in Langdale, and three upland tarns, one of which is of outstanding importance. The lichen vegetation is richer than in Snowdonia or the Northern Pennines, but its diversity is considerably less than that of certain individual mountains in the Scottish Highlands. The montane element is interpreted as representing the last remnants of communities that have declined gradually through the Postglacial Period. Many species are extremely rare. Current restraints on the alpine lichen flora include the climate, the predominance of wet, acid rock and heavy sheep grazing. Rhizocarpon simillimum is reported as new to the British lichen flora.     

Contributions to the lichen flora of the Lakshadweep (Laccadive) Islands,India

Abstract:The first lichen records from the Lakshadweep (Laccadive) Islands are presented.Lithothelium insulare (Pyrenulaceae) is described as new and nine other taxa are reported. The poor lichen flora, dominated by pantropical species, is probably a result of the lack of natural habitats in this area.     

The lichen flora of coastal saline lagoons in England

Abstract:The lichen flora associated with twenty saline lagoons in England is described. Though often scarce, lichens were present on shingle, miscellaneous stones, half-submerged concrete structures, retaining walls, salt marsh vegetation, wooden posts, and strand-line materials. Sites that had been modified by the activity of man often held richer assemblages than ones in a more natural condition. The lichen flora is a mixture of common-place species and maritime specialists. The large lagoon behind Chesil Beach, known as ‘The Fleet’, was the most important site surveyed. Many of the marine lichens present are typical of very sheltered coastlines. Caloplaca suaedae, found at two sites, is described as new to science.     

LICHENS OF SKOMER ISLAND,WEST WALES

Skomer Island, a National Nature Reserve, lies off the West coast of Wales. This small island holds lichen communities of international importance associated with large populations of seabirds. Saxicolous lichen communities are described, 248 species listed and details given of a base-line monitoring programme, which will provide data on changes in the lichen flora over time and distinguish cyclical from permanent deleterious changes. Threats to island populations are discussed, such as the likely effects of oil pollution following the Sea Empress accident in February 1996.     

THE LICHEN VEGETATION OF CHALK AND LIMESTONE STREAMS IN BRITAIN

The results of a nationwide survey of lichens associated with streams on chalk and limestone are reported. The lichen communities are present as a series of overlapping bands related to length of submergence. These have been named the submerged, fluvial mesic, fluvial xeric and fluvial terrestrial zones. The flora involves around 50 lichens, many of which are rarely recorded specialists restricted to this habitat. The richest sites for submerged species are headwaters, especially around springs. Active tufa deposition and disturbance of the stream bed by farm stock are detrimental to aquatic lichens. Diversity further downstream is related to the amount of exposed limestone available for colonization, with topographical complexity also important. An investigation of the influence of water quality suggests that suspended solids (silting) is a significant determinant of lichen distribution together with eutrophication. 1996 The British Lichen Society     

云南的牛皮叶属地衣

本文报道中国云南的6种牛皮叶地衣,其中裂边牛皮叶(Stieta ptaetextata为中国新记录种,柄扇牛皮叶(S.gracilis),双缘牛皮叶(S.duplolimbata)和缘裂牛皮叶(S.weigelii)为云南首次记载,用TLC方法测定了每种地衣的地衣物质,并发现平滑牛皮叶(S.nylanderiana)除含三苔色酸(gyrophoric acid)外,还含有伴三苔色酸(congyrophoric acid);长期以来一般被认为不产生地衣物质的缘裂牛皮叶含有一未知物质,其斑点处于C溶剂系统的Rf3区,C+黄色KC+红色。     

粤北大东山种子植物区系研究

大东山位于广东北部,地理位置约为２４°５０′～２５°００′Ｎ,１１２°３７′～１１２°４７′Ｅ。大东山有种子植物１６１科,５６０属,１１２４种。其中裸子植物６科,１０属,１４种;被子植物１５５科,５５０属,１１１０种。大东山区系的表征科是蔷薇科、樟科、茶科、壳斗科、山矾科、冬青科、木兰科、安息香科和金缕梅科。属的地理成分组成为热带分布属占５４．３４％,温带分布属占４５．６６％。本区系与江西九连山及福建武夷山区系有密切的联系,与黑石顶、大瑶山和花坪区系的联系也较紧密。大东山区系属华南地区的一部分。     

山东昆嵛山植物区系研究

昆嵛山植物区系是山东半岛植物区系的典型代表之一,具有以下特征：植物种类丰富,计有维管植物１１６科,４１４属、８７８种;优势现象;分布类型多亲,地理成分复杂,温带性质明显,又与热带植物区系具有一定的新缘关系,特有现象比较明显。将昆嵛山植物区系一邻近区系的地理分布类型用ＵＰＧＭＡ法进行聚类分析和属、种相似性系数比较,认为,昆嵛山植物区系与千山植物区系的差异较大,植物区系资料研究表明,将山东半岛、辽东半     

Progress in the study of the lichen flora of the British Isles

SEAWARD, M. R. D., 1987. Progress in the study of the lichen flora of the British Isles. Advances in our taxonomic, ecological and geographical knowledge of the lichen flora of the British Isles over the past three centuries are assessed. The growth of literature and the development of field recording are critically surveyed, complemented by numerical and cartographical analyses. The evolution of a comprehensive programme of network recording is described and evaluated. The present and future use of technological advances, particularly in respect of computer databases, is examined.     

广东大瑶山维管植物区系的基本特征

广东大瑶山地处南岭山脉南部的中亚热带地区, 25°11'18"N, 113°13'02"E,有野生维管植物1411种(含变种),隶属于194科701属。其中蕨类植物132种,所占比例较大,表明植物区系起源古老。区系表征科与植被优势科为壳斗科、山茶科、樟科、木兰科、金缕梅科、桑科、紫金牛科、山矾科等,说明该地域是华夏植物区系的重要组成部分。种子植物属的分布区类型中泛热带分布占优势,同时热带、温带区系成分均有不同程度地侵入,区系成分复杂,充分体现出其原始古老的自然性与植物种类的多样性。     

OBSERVATIONS ON THE GENUS PSAMMINA,INCLUDING THE DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW ALGICOLOUS AND LICHENICOLOUS SPECIES

Psammina inflata Earland-Bennett & D. Hawksw. and P. simplex Earland-Bennett & D. Hawksw. are described as new species from coccoid green algae and crustose or leprose lichens in lowland Britain. Additional records and hosts for P. stipitata are reported, and a key to the four species now known in the British Isles is presented. Psammina simplex is the more strongly pathogenic of the species, eventually destroying its hosts. The discovery of these new species adds weight to the view that the genus is more appropriately regarded as a hyphomycete rather than an acervular coelomycete. The size, shape and septation dimensions of the conidial arms were found to be the most reliable characters for species separations in the genus. Pycnopsammina lobariae Diederich & Etayo is also cited from the British Isles for the first time.     

Lichens — the biodiversity value of western woodlands

Summary

The Atlantic broad-leaved woodlands of Britain are of international renown for their lichen floras. They are inhabited by 517 lichens, representing 28.3% of the total lichen flora and 73.2% of all British woodland lichens, and they are the main habitat for 165 species. Of these, 31 have a marked southern distribution and do not reach Scotland, whereas 26 species are found in Scotland, but not England or Wales. Their British Red-listed species are outnumbered by the 86 species for which Britain has International Responsibility.

Within the Atlantic broad-leaved woodlands, only 30 lichens show a preponderance for oak. With the exception of some ancient oakwoods in southern England, a high lichen biodiversity is rarely dependent on a dominance of oak in the woodland canopy, more usually it is the result of a long ecological continuity, often a varied tree and shrub composition, a varied canopy density, and good air quality. Consequently, the oak stands within former ‘industrial’ woodlands have a much lower lichen biodiversity compared with woodlands that have a history as ‘pasture woodland’ or, as with some ravine woodlands, have otherwise escaped intensive management.

The life-history of an oak tree is considered in relation to the niches it provides for lichen colonisation with time. Some management scenarios are provided with the enhancement of the lichen interest of former ‘industrial’ oakwoods as an objective.     

中国石蕊科地衣研究之三 中国新记录属:扇盘衣属

本文报道了主要分布于澳洲的扇盘衣属地衣,缝裂扇盘衣在中国的首次发现,从而为中国地衣区系增加了一个新记录属。文中报道的该属的地衣不仅在中国,即使在世界范围也十分珍异。因而,对于该属及种的特征从形态学、解剖学与化学方面给以简要描述。     

山西中条山植物区系的特征

中条山植物种类丰富,含种子植物１３２科,４７９属,９３５种。中条山植物区系起源古老。属的地理成分复杂,以温带成分占优势（２９５属,占６９．０９％）,反映出中条山植物区系的温带性质。中条山地处暖温带南部,成为热带、亚热带分布植物与温带分布植物的交汇地和由西南向东北分布的通道,说明中条山植物区系显著的过渡性。     

秦岭植物区系的性质、特点和起源

秦岭是中国长江和黄河两大水系的分水岭,位于北纬32°5′至34°45′;东经104°30′至115°52′,最高峰达3767m。该山区是我国温带植物区系最丰实的地区之一,约有种子植物3124种,隶属于158科,892属。包括热带属220属,温带属563属,和中国特有属39属。根据该山区植物区系中各大科、主要植物群落优势种和组成种类的温带性质以及温带属在整个植物区系中的主导地位。该山区的植物区系和植被具有明显的温带性特点。特有种和非特有种的分析结果表明,该山区植物区系的特点还表现在高度特有性和以中国-日本森林植物区系为主体方面。 根据古植物学资料分析,秦岭地区植物区系的起源时间不会晚于晚白垩纪;植物群落的主要成份可能以原地生长的种类为主;秦岭及其邻近古老山区,不仅对自身的植物区系和植被具有较大的发生意义,而且对东亚植物区系具有始生性质。