Intrathecal Morphine Use in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Surgery is Associated with Decreased Opioid Use and Decreased Length of Stay

BackgroundLength of stay (LOS) in the hospital following posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has decreased over the past decade due to well-defined postoperative clinical pathways, earlier mobilization, and improved pain control methods. Historically, liberal use of parenteral and oral opioids for pain control caused side effects, resulting in delayed discharge. Intraoperative intrathecal morphine (ITM) has been posited to reduce the need for postoperative opioids and to expedite the discharge process. This study examines the relationship between the use of ITM with average required postoperative opioid usage and with average LOS.MethodsThis IRB-approved retrospective cohort study examined 105 patients with AIS who received PSF with instrumentation split into two cohorts. One cohort underwent PSF via standard surgical protocol (n=40) while the other cohort received intraoperative ITM with the standard surgical protocol (n=65). Power analysis demonstrated a study power of 0.8. LOS and total postoperative opioid analgesic medication (morphine milligram equivalent, MME) data were collected. Age at surgery, gender, number of spinal levels fused, estimated intraoperative blood loss (EBL), preoperative Cobb angle, and any complications related to the use of ITM were also recorded. Continuous variables were analyzed with Student’s t-test and categorical variables were analyzed with chi-square independent-sample tests using SAS 9.4 (α = 0.05).ResultsPatients who were treated with ITM displayed shorter LOS (p<0.0001) and reduced postoperative analgesic requirement (p<0.0001). Patients who received ITM spent an average of 1.8 fewer midnights in the hospital and received an average of 221.2 MME less than patients who received standard protocol (57% decrease). There were no significant differences between the two groups for any other variable.ConclusionIntraoperative ITM is a simple and effective treatment for scoliosis surgeons to better control postoperative pain in patients, reduce the risk of dependency, and achieve earlier discharge from the hospital. Shortened LOS reduces the overall cost of care, benefitting patients, hospitals, and insurance companies. Based on the results of this study and several earlier studies, the authors recommended that scoliosis surgeons consider incorporating use of ITM into their standard operative protocols. Level of Evidence: IV     

Postoperative morphine requirements of free TRAM and DIEP flaps

In a review of the charts of 158 patients who had undergone breast reconstruction with free transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) or deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps and who were treated for postoperative pain with morphine administered by a patient-controlled analgesia pump, the total dose of morphine administered during hospitalization for the flap transfer was measured. Patients whose treatment was supplemented by other intravenous narcotics were excluded from the study. The mean amount of morphine per kilogram required by patients who had reconstruction with DIEP flaps (0.74 mg/kg, n = 26) was found to be significantly less than the amount required by patients who had reconstruction with TRAM flaps (1.65 mg/kg; n = 132; p < 0.001). DIEP flap patients also remained in the hospital less time (mean, 4.73 days) than did free TRAM flap patients (mean, 5.21 days; p = 0.026), but the difference was less than one full hospital day. It was concluded that the use of the DIEP flap does reduce the patient requirement for postoperative pain medication and therefore presumably reduces postoperative pain. It may also slightly shorten hospital stay.     

Peripheral regional analgesia with femoral catheter versus intravenous patient controlled analgesia after total knee arthroplasty: a prospective randomized study

The aim of this study is to compare the effects of femoral analgesia (FA) with 0.25% levobupivacain and intravenous patient controlled analgesia (PCA) with morphine on postoperative pain assessed by a visual-analog scale (VAS) score and their complications during the first 24 postoperative hours after the a total knee arthroplasty in a prospective randomized study. Secondary outcomes included: morphine use, patient satisfaction, complication of analgesia and duration of hospital stay. We analyzed 71 patients with an ASA score of II or III. The patients were randomized into two groups: group PCA (n = 36) was given the PCA pump, which contained morphine; and group FA (n = 35) was given first a bolus dose, then a continuous infusion 0.25% levobupivacain via a femoral catheter. The assessment of VAS was performed every 2 hours. There were no differences between the PCA and FA groups regarding demographic characteristics, operation duration, ASA score distribution, duration of hospital stay and satisfaction with analgesia (although there were more satisfied patients in the FA group). Significant differences were noted in the quantity of morphine used (higher values were in the PCA group; p < 0.001). More complications were recorded in PCA group (p < 0.001). The VAS score was lower in the FA group (p < 0.001). The highest difference occurred 4 hours after the operation, with the PCA group having significantly higher VAS score values compared to the FA group. Femoral analgesia leads to a stronger pain relief with less side effects, less morphine use and more patient satisfaction than intravenous PCA with morphine.     

不同术式经皮椎间孔镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效分析

目的:探讨不同术式经皮椎间孔镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法:选取我院2013年9月~2015年7月我院收治的采用经皮椎间孔镜治疗的腰椎间盘突出症患者159例,根据不同手术方式进行分组,其中采用YESS手术的36例患者作为YESS组,采用TESSYS手术的76例患者作为TESSYS组,采用BEIS手术(即改良的TESSYS手术)的47例患者作为BEIS组。于术前、术后1天、3个月、6个月、12个月对所有患者进行视觉疼痛模拟评分(VAS)和改良的MacNab疗效评定。结果:三组的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),BEIS组和TESSYS组的手术时间、术中出血量高于YESS组,且BEIS组手术时间、术中出血量高于TESSYS组,BEIS组的住院时间高于YESS组和TESSYS组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。三组患者术后各时期VAS评分均较术前降低(P0.05),但三组间术前、术后不同时期VAS评分整体比较均无统计学差异(P0.05)。三组优良率整体比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:不同术式经皮椎间孔镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效相当,可以有效减轻术后患者的疼痛,但是三种术式的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间有所差异,临床上针对不同类型的腰椎间盘突出症应采用不同术式,以获得更确切的疗效。     

下肢可调负重支具训练联合渐进性抗阻运动训练对股骨粗隆间骨折术后患者康复效果、髋关节功能和生活质量的影响

摘要 目的：探讨下肢可调负重支具训练联合渐进性抗阻运动训练在股骨粗隆间骨折术后患者中的应用效果。方法：按照随机数字表法将我院2020年3月~2021年6月间收治的93例股骨粗隆间骨折术后患者分为对照组（n=46,接受常规训练、渐进性抗阻运动训练）和研究组（n=47,接受常规训练、渐进性抗阻运动训练联合下肢可调负重支具训练）。观察并对比两组患者的临床指标、髋关节功能、疼痛情况、生活质量和并发症发生率。结果：与对照组相比,研究组的骨折愈合时间、住院天数、首次下床活动时间明显缩短（P<0.05）。干预1个月后、干预3个月后、干预6个月后,两组Harris髋关节功能评分依次升高,视觉疼痛模拟评分（VAS）依次下降（P<0.05）,干预1个月后、干预3个月后、干预6个月后,研究组Harris髋关节功能评分高于对照组,VAS评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。干预6个月后,两组简明健康调查量表（SF-36）各维度评分均升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组并发症发生率组间对比,差异不显著（P>0.05）。结论：股骨粗隆间骨折术后患者采用下肢可调负重支具训练联合渐进性抗阻运动训练,可促进髋关节功能恢复,减轻疼痛症状,提高生活质量。     

Surgeon-Performed Ultrasonography as an Adjunct to Minimally Invasive Radio-Guided Parathyroidectomy in 100 Consecutive Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism

ObjectiveTo examine whether surgeon-performed ultrasonography (SPU) in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and negative preoperative sestamibi scans improves adenoma localization, increases the directed unilateral exploration rate, and reduces operative time and length of hospital stay.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 100 consecutive patients with primary hyperparathyroidism encountered between January 1, 2005, and March 31, 2007. Patients underwent preoperative sestamibi scanning and SPU. Minimally invasive radio-guided parathyroidectomy (MIRP) was performed on patients with positive sestamibi scans. In sestamibi scan–negative patients, unilateral exploration was performed with removal of the adenoma, which was submitted for frozen section. Accuracy, operative time, hospital length of stay, mortality, and morbidity were assessed.ResultsOf 100 patients, 79 had positive sestamibi scans and underwent MIRP. Twenty-one had negative sestamibi scans, 18 of whom underwent SPU. Parathyroid adenoma was localized in 17 (94%) of the 18 patients. Operative time and length of hospital stay were not significantly different between sestamibi scan–negative patients who underwent SPU with directed unilateral exploration and sestamibi scan–positive patients who underwent MIRP (operative time: 46 minutes vs 38 minutes, respectively; length of hospital stay: 17.8 hours vs 16.1 hours, respectively). Operative time and length of hospital stay were significantly shorter in sestamibi scan–negative patients who underwent SPU with directed unilateral exploration and in patients who underwent MIRP than in historical controls who underwent 4-gland exploration (P < .01 for both outcomes). No morbidity or mortality was documented.ConclusionSPU localizes 94% of adenomas in sestamibi scan–negative patients, which allows for directed unilateral exploration and results in operative time and length of hospital stay not significantly different from patients undergoing MIRP. (Endocr Pract. 2008;14:28-32)     

术前心理沟通疏导对人工膝关节置换术患者应激反应、心理状态及术后疼痛的影响

目的:分析术前心理沟通疏导对人工膝关节置换术患者应激反应、心理状态以及术后疼痛的影响。方法:选取2018年1月～2019年1月汕头大学医学院第一附属医院和南方医科大学附属东莞市人民医院收治的拟行人工膝关节置换术的患者89例,以随机数字表法分为术前干预组和常规手术组,常规手术组按常规行术前患者教育,术前干预组行术前心理沟通疏导,比较两组术后康复情况、应激反应,采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分、焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分、视觉模拟评分(VAS)以及简化的McGill问卷(SF-MPQ)评价患者的抑郁、焦虑、疼痛情况。结果:术前干预组术后2周膝关节活动度(ROM)、膝关节特种外科医院(HSS)评分高于常规手术组(P0.05);术前干预组术后即刻醛固酮(ALD)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)水平低于常规手术组(P0.05);术前干预组出院时SDS评分、SAS评分低于常规手术组(P0.05);术前干预组术后VAS评分、SF-MPQ评分低于常规手术组(P0.05)。结论:术前心理沟通疏导能够明显减轻接受人工膝关节置换术治疗的患者的应激反应,改善不良情绪,减轻术后疼痛感,促进患者康复。     

Similar Outcomes Achieved Between Anterior and Posterior Approach Total Hip Arthroplasty Using Dual Mobility Implants

BackgroundDual mobility (DM) bearings for total hip arthroplasty (THA) have been proposed to reduce the risk of instability in high-risk patients; however, their utility in primary THA remains relatively unexplored. No previous reports have described whether surgical approach influences outcomes associated with DM implant systems. This study aims to compare patient reported outcomes and post-operative groin pain between patients undergoing anterior approach versus posterior approach following primary THA with DM implants.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent primary THA and received a DM implant between 2011-2021. Patients were stratified into two cohorts based on surgical approach (anterior vs. posterior approach). Primary outcomes included the presence of substantial postoperative groin pain as well as readmission and revision rates. Demographic differences were assessed using chi-square and independent sample t-tests. Outcomes were compared using multilinear and logistic regressions.ResultsOf the 495 patients identified, 55 (11%) underwent THA via the anterior approach and 440 (89%) via the posterior approach. Surgical time (100.24 vs. 109.42 minutes, p=0.070), length of stay (2.19vs.2.67 days,p=0.072), discharge disposition (p=0.151), and significant postoperative groin pain (1.8%vs.0.7%,p=0.966) did not statistically differ between the cohorts. 90-day readmission (9.1%vs.7.7%,p=0.823) and revision rate (0.0%vs.3.0%,p=0.993) did not significantly differ as well. Specifically, readmission (p=0.993) and revision (p=0.998) for instability did not significantly differ between the cohorts. We found no statistical difference in HOOS, JR (p=0.425), VR-12 PCS (p=0.718), and VR-12 MCS (p=0.257) delta score improvement from preoperative to 1-year follow-up between the two groups.ConclusionComparable outcomes following implantation of DM constructs may be achievable irrespective of the surgical approach employed. The incidence of iliopsoas injections for groin pain did not significantly differ between anterior and posterior approaches. Future investigation is needed to determine whether surgical approach influences long-term outcomes in patients receiving DM implants. Level of Evidence: III     

神经肌肉电刺激联合间歇性充气加压预防颅脑外伤患者下肢深静脉血栓的临床研究

摘要 目的：探讨神经肌肉电刺激（NMES）联合间歇性充气加压预防颅脑外伤患者下肢深静脉血栓（LEDVT）的临床疗效,为预防LEDVT干预措施的选择提供依据。方法：将2020年11月至2021年8月于安徽中医药大学附属六安医院就诊的72例颅脑外伤患者纳入研究对象,随机数字法分为对照组和观察组,各组36例。对照组给予常规措施+间歇性充气加压干预,观察组在对照组基础上联合NMES干预。收集患者资料,比较两组LEDVT情况、卧床时间、住院时间、干预前后凝血功能指标[凝血酶原时间（PT）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）、D-二聚体（D-D）及纤维蛋白原（FIB）]水平、腘静脉、股总静脉血液流速、视觉疼痛模拟量表（VAS）评分,日常生活能力量表（ADL）评分。结果：观察组LEDVT发生率5.56%（2/36）低于对照组25.00%（9/36）,卧床时间、住院时间短于对照组（P＜0.05）;两组干预后凝血功能指标PT、APTT、D-D、FIB水平较干预前显著改善,且观察组较对照组改善更为显著（P＜0.05）;两组干预后腘静脉、股总静脉血液流速、ADL评分较干预前升高,VAS评分较干预前降低,且观察组腘静脉、股总静脉血液流速、ADL评分高于对照组,VAS评分低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：NMES联合间歇性充气加压干预能缩短颅脑外伤患者卧床时间和住院时间,改善患者凝血功能和血液循环,减少LEDVT的发生,且有助于减轻患者疼痛,提高患者生活能力。     

椎体成形术治疗脊柱压缩骨折的临床疗效

目的:探讨脊柱压缩骨折患者的椎体成形术应用方法与效果。方法:脊柱压缩骨折患者150例根据随机抽签法分为治疗组与对照组各75例,对照组给予传统开放性手术,治疗组给予椎体成形术。通过比较两组手术时间,术中出血量,术后住院时间,术后疼痛评分,术后局部Cobb角的差异评价治疗效果,其中,疼痛评分采用VAS量表,局部Cobb角通过脊椎侧围X片测定。结果:所有患者都顺利完成手术,无严重并发症发生,治疗组的术中出血量与术后住院时间明显少于对照组(P0.05)。两组术前疼痛评分对比差异无统计学意义,术后疼痛评分都呈现明显下降的趋势(P0.05),同时术后治疗组的疼痛评分明显低于对照组(P0.05)。两组术前局部Cobb角对比差异无统计学意义,术后局部Cobb角都明显下降(P0.05),同时术后治疗组的局部Cobb角都明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:脊柱压缩骨折患者的椎体成形术应用能有效缓解疼痛程度,改善椎体前中部高度脊柱后凸情况,对于患者的创伤比较少,有很好的推广应用价值。     

牙列缺损种植修复患者焦虑状况的影响因素分析

探讨牙列缺损种植修复患者发生焦虑状况的可能影响因素。2016年3月至2017年12月期间,选择我院收治的牙列缺损行种植义齿修复患者150例作为研究对象。评价患者的状态和特质焦虑量表(STAI)、修正版牙科焦虑量表(MDAS)和VAS疼痛评分之间的相关性,Logistic回归分析确定患者焦虑的影响因素。根据术前的SAI和TAI评分将牙列缺损患者分为低焦虑组、中焦虑组和高焦虑组,高焦虑组的VAS评分和MDAS评分均显著高于其他两组(p<0.05)。SAI、TAI和MDAS评分分别与VAS评分显著正相关(r=0.664,r=0.758,r=0.437,p<0.05)。性别(女)、年龄(<25岁)、付费方式(自费)、居住地(农村)和收入(<4 000元)为牙列缺损患者产生焦虑情绪的独立危险因素。牙列缺损患者行种植修复手术前的焦虑水平与术后的疼痛正相关。性别、年龄、付费方式、居住地和收入是牙列缺损患者焦虑水平升高的独立危险因素。     

Do Pediatric Hospitals Improve Operative Efficiency?

BackgroundIn recent years there has been a push towards developing free standing pediatric facilities to provide care specifically towards pediatric patients. The purpose of this study was to determine if moving pediatric cases from a general hospital to a dedicated pediatric facility improved the quality and efficiency of surgical procedures.MethodsA retrospective review of pediatric patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion (PSF) was performed. All procedures were performed by one orthopaedic surgeon (SLW) from 2015 to 2019. The procedures were performed at a general hospital (GH) the first two years, and at a pediatric hospital (PH) the subsequent years. Data extracted included patient sex, age, and procedure type as well as procedure duration, operative turnover time, hospital length of stay, transfusion requirements, and operative delay. Exclusively pediatric adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients undergoing PSF were included due to the high volume and consistent surgical procedures therefore limiting confounding variables.ResultsA total of five hundred PSF pediatric procedures were performed during the time period. After excluding non-adolescent idiopathic scoliosis cases, a total of 208 procedures were reviewed (105 at GH; 103 at PH). There was no statistical difference between the groups in regards to operative time (GH: 200 min, PH: 200 min; p=0.91), room turnover time (GH: 38 min, PH: 38 min; p=0.801), or rate of transfusion (GH: 20% PH: 30%; p=0.09). Length of stay was significantly shorter in the PH cohort compared to the GH cohort (4.35 vs. 3.84 days, p=0.0001). However, a smaller proportion of cases at the PH started on time compared to the GH (34% vs. 58%; p=0.0005).ConclusionOverall, this study demonstrated that AIS procedures at the PH did show a statistically significant reduction in hospital length of stay. However, timely start of the procedure was less likely at this particular facility. Level of Evidence: III     

骨刺所致跟骨痛的新临床分型的提出及新治疗方案的探索

目的:介绍和建立一种新的骨刺所致跟骨痛的临床分型并对更为有效的治疗方案进行探索。方法:对2013.01-2015.01来在我院就诊,明确诊断为骨刺所致跟骨痛的共计45例患者(共60例足)纳入本次实验。1)探索患者的症状、功能评分等与新临床分型的关系,探索新临床分型的临床意义。并探索substance p浓度与临床分型之间的关系。2)将上述45例患者随机分入3个治疗组:A组(单纯骨刺切除组);B组(substance p抑制剂注射组);C组(骨刺切除+substance p抑制剂注射)。比较治疗前后患者的VAS(Visual Analogue Scale)疼痛评分与AOFAS(American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society)功能评分。结果:1)I型和II型患者在疼痛及功能评分的比较中均有显著性差异(P0.05),但在骨刺指标中无显著差异(P0.05),从而提示新的临床分型具有较好的临床指示意义;2)substance p浓度与患者疼痛程度及临床分型之间均有显著性差异(P0.05),从而提示新临床分型有治疗意义且substance p有可能可以作为治疗靶点;3)三组不同治疗方式患者在治疗后的疼痛及功能评分较治疗前均有显著性的改善(P0.05)。且C组显著优于其他两组(P0.05)。所有患者均未出现严重并发症。结论:新的临床分型具有良好的临床诊断及治疗意义;substance p浓度与患者症状正相关,且有可能作为新的治疗靶点;骨刺切除+substance p抑制剂注射的治疗方法较传统治疗有显著的优势,有望成为一种新的更为有效的骨刺所致跟骨痛的的治疗方法。     

Sensory lateralization in pain subjective perception for noxious heat stimulus

The aim of the present study was to identify and characterize hemispheric lateralization for pain intensity perception. A sample of 351 healthy volunteers was tested by the immersion of the right hand for 10 s followed by the same test for the left hand (RL group; n = 199) or in a random sequence (RND group; n = 152) into a water bath (48 degrees C, 15 s). Pain intensity was self-reported by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The motor hemispherical Lateralization Index (LI) was obtained by the Edinburgh Inventory. Gender, hand skin fold, interstimulus time and menstrual cycle data in case of female subjects were recorded. The sample, 60.7% females and 39.3% males, 20.4 +/- 0.18 (mean +/- SEM) years old, showed 92.1% right-handed subjects. Left hand VAS was significantly higher than right hand VAS for RL (7.24 +/- 1.31 vs 6.74 +/- 1.52; p < 0.01) and RND (7.24 +/- 0.82 vs 6.73 +/- 1.25; p < 0.01) both for right- and left-handed subjects. A low but significant correlation for VAS scores and LI was found (r = 0.14; p < 0.05 or r = 0.18; p < 0.05, for left or right hand, respectively). Skin fold was statistically similar in both hands (p > 0.05) being highly correlated with each other (r = 0.68; p < 0.05). Pain subjective perception was not correlated to interstimulus time (r = -0.01; p > 0.05). Females showed significantly higher values than males for both left and right hand VAS scores. Periovulatory phase VAS value was significantly higher than luteal phase VAS only for the right hand test (7.57 +/- 0.20 vs 6.47 +/- 0.33; p < 0.01). The results of the present study suggest a lateralization of pain intensity perception to the right hemisphere not correlated with the motor hemispheric lateralization.     

盐酸羟考酮注射液用于腹部全麻患者术后镇痛的有效性和安全性

目的:探讨盐酸羟考酮注射液用于腹部全麻患者术后镇痛的有效性和安全性。方法:选择2016年1月至2016年12月来我院治疗的择期全麻下行腹部手术的患者60例。按照治疗方法,采用随机数字表法将患者平均分为硫酸吗啡注射组(简称吗啡组)和盐酸羟考酮注射组(简称羟考酮组),每组30例。用药3、24、48 h后,采用VAS方法对患者进行疼痛评分。记录术后48 h内患者补救镇痛率以及患者对镇痛的满意度。记录72 h后患者恶心、呕吐等不良事件的发生情况。结果:镇痛48 h内的不同时间点,两组间VAS评分、补救镇痛率与吗啡组相比无显著差异(P0.05)。羟考酮组术后不良事件发生率为16.7%,显著低于吗啡组40.0%(P0.05),羟考酮组患者镇痛满意度显著高与吗啡组(93.3%vs.70.0%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:盐酸羟考酮注射液的镇痛效果与硫酸吗啡相当,且可安全有效地改善患者术后生活质量,提高患者满意度。     

剑突肋缘下三孔式胸腔镜下胸腺切除治疗重症肌无力的早期临床疗效及对生活质量的影响

目的:通过与传统单侧胸腔镜技术对比,探讨经剑突肋缘下三孔式胸腔镜下胸腺切除治疗重症肌无力的早期临床疗效及对患者生活质量的影响。方法:收集2012年1月-2016年6月因重症肌无力就诊于我院行胸腔镜下胸腺切除的115例患者。根据患者的手术方式分为传统单侧胸腔镜组47例和剑突肋缘下三孔式胸腔镜组68例,收集和比较两组患者的基本资料,包括性别、年龄、是否合并胸腺瘤、病程、随访时间、术前Osserman评分、手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流时间、术后引流量、转入ICU时间、术后住院时间、术后并发症的发生情况、术后不同时间点的疼痛评分和生活质量评分及末次随访时的愈后情况。结果:两组患者的年龄、性别比例、胸腺瘤情况、病程、随访时间和术前Osserman评分均没有差异(P0.05)。三孔组手术时间、术中出血量、ICU停留时间和术后住院时间均短于或低于传统组(P0.05)。两组患者术后并发症(膈神经麻痹、胸腔积液、伤口脂肪液化)发生率比较没有统计学差异(P0.05)。三孔组患者在术后3天内和出院时的疼痛评分均显著低于传统组(P0.05)。两组患者在末次随访时的有效率、术前、术后1年和末次随访时的生活质量评分(MGQOL-15评分)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。在三孔组患者末次随访时,女性MGQOL-15评分改善量(11.2±3.3分)高于男性(7.4±2.7分)(P0.001)。Osserman评分3分和4分的患者MGQOL-15评分改善量(10.7±3.7分)显著高于Osserman评分2分的患者(5.0±1.9分)(P0.001)。结论:经剑突肋缘下三孔式胸腔镜下切除胸腺治疗重症肌无力具有手术时间短、术中出血少、术后恢复快的特点,术后患者疼痛程度轻,生活质量改善明显。女性术后获益较男性更大。     

平行侧入法硬膜外穿刺CSEA对剖宫产术后腰背痛的影响

目的:探讨平行侧入法硬膜外穿刺腰硬联合麻醉对剖宫产术后腰背痛的影响。方法:选择2014年10月至2016年9月在我院行剖宫产的产妇95例,将其随机分为两组。对照组45例,产妇接受平行直入法硬膜外穿刺腰硬联合麻醉,观察组50例产妇接受平行侧入法硬膜外穿刺麻醉。比较两组产妇术后宫缩、伤口、腰背疼痛VAS评分、术中穿刺情况、术后使用镇痛泵的有效按压次数及术后3 d、7 d、14 d和2个月后腰背疼痛的情况。结果:观察组产妇术后宫缩、伤口以及腰背疼痛评分、术后使用镇痛泵的有效按压次数均显著低于对照组(P0.05),且术中一次性穿刺成功率显著高于对照组(P0.05),且术后7 d、14 d以及2个月腰背痛的发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:平行侧入穿刺法行腰硬联合麻醉可有效提高剖宫产产妇一次穿刺成功率,显著缓解产妇的术后疼痛,并降低术后腰背疼痛的发生率。     

The Effect of Animal-Assisted Therapy on Pain Medication Use After Joint Replacement

Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) has been used in a variety of healthcare settings and studies to evaluate the potential patient benefits are warranted. This retrospective study measured the impact of AAT on the use of oral pain medications by adults after total joint replacement surgery. One group of patients received care in a hospital with an AAT program and the comparison group was in a hospital without an AAT program. Adult patient cohorts were matched on: age, gender, ethnicity, length of stay, and Diagnosis Related Group code for type of total joint replacement. Pain medication doses, converted into morphine equivalent daily doses (MEDD), were compared. Pain medication use was significantly less in the AAT group: 15.32 mg vs. 21.16 (t₍₁₁₉₎ = 2.72, p = 0.007). The effectiveness of AAT in decreasing the need for pain medication and its effect on patient well-being in the post-operative period and in other settings deserves further study.     

新型骨水泥椎弓根螺钉在治疗腰椎滑脱合并骨质疏松症的应用研究

目的:探讨评估聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethvlmethacnrlat, PMMA)增强的具有"渐变孔"结构的侧开孔中空椎弓根螺钉(Fenestrated pedicle screw, FPS)治疗腰椎滑脱症的安全性及疗效。方法:回顾性分析2013年1月～2017年12月收治32例合并有骨质疏松症的腰椎滑脱患者,均应用具有"渐变孔"结构的FPS融合手术治疗,记录手术时长、术中出血量,住院时长;测量椎间隙高度、椎体楔形变指数、滑脱距离、滑脱角、骨盆指数、腰椎前凸角;随访评估Oswestry功能障碍指数问卷表(Oswestry Disability Index Questionnaire, ODI)评分和视觉模拟评分法(Visual Analogue Score, VAS)评分,比较分析术前、术后及末次随访时的差异;结果:术中X线及术后三维CT检查发现3枚渗漏的骨水泥螺钉(2.2%),均为Yeom C型,术后无不适。随访7～61个月(平均34.9个月),滑脱复位良好,后凸畸形和矢状位失衡矫正良好,ODI评分和VAS评分均较术前有显著改善(p0.05)。随访期间,全部病例滑脱无复发,无椎弓根螺钉松动、断裂,无椎间隙塌陷,根据SUK标准融合成功率100%。结论:新型骨水泥螺钉能够提供良好的固定稳定性,并且能够避免骨水泥渗漏发生以及螺钉松动脱出,为骨质疏松脊柱手术提供一种新的选择。