夜蛾科中国一新记录属和二新记录种记述(鳞翅目)

2020年在西藏色季拉山采集过程中发现一中国新记录属长角冬夜蛾属Meganyctycia Hreblay&Ronkay,1998和二中国新记录种:长角冬夜蛾Meganyctycia forcipata Hreblay&Ronkay,1998和褐元夜蛾Avitta rufifrons Moore,[1887].文章详细描...     

Tradition in Lemur catta Behavior at Berenty Reserve,Madagascar

Lemur catta Troop D at Berenty Reserve has been studied intermittently for 35 years. During 90 hours of continuous sampling in August 1998, I observed and mapped troop movement and scent marking. I compared these observations with data from June, 1975. The core of Troop D1's 1998 home range is the same as for Troop D in 1975. Sixty-two percent of Troop D1's time in 1998 was spent in the 1975 home range, and 52% of their scent marks were placed in that 1975 home range. The remainder of their time was spent in an extension of their home range, which is now an area of confrontation with an adjacent troop. They used the same sleeping trees in the 2 years, and all of the 1998 scent marks deposited in the 1975 home range were placed in the same locations marked in 1975. The similarities in their use of space in 1975 and 1998 were remarkable.     

The 2005 version of the chloroplast DNA sequence from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)

The complete nucleotide sequence of tobacco chloroplast DNA was first determined in 1986, and then its updated gene map was reported in 1998. During the course of sequencing the chloroplast DNA ofNicotiana sylvestris, the female progenitor of tobacco, we found some sequence errors and amended the 1998 version. The tobacco chloroplast DNA comprises 155,943 bp, 4 bp longer than the 1998 version.     

Short reviews of Nordic publications

By Jonas E. Lawesson Moen, A. 1998. Nasjonalatlas for Norge: Vegetasjon (National Atlas of Norway: Vegetation). Fremstad, E. 1997. Vegetasjonstyper i Norge. (Vegetation types in Norway). Påhlsson, L. (ed.) 1998. Vegetationstyper i Norden (Vegetation types in the Nordic countries). TemaNord 1998.     

Episodic heterogeneous decline and recovery of coral cover in the Indian Ocean

Long-term changes in coral cover for the Caribbean and the Pacific/Southeast Asia regions (PSEA) have proven extremely useful in assessing the main drivers, magnitude and timescales of change. The one major coral reef region where such assessments have not been made is the Indian Ocean (IO). Here, we compiled coral cover survey data from across the IO into a database of ~2,000 surveys from 366 coral reef sites collected between 1977 and 2005. The compilation shows that the 1998 mass coral bleaching event was the single most important and widespread factor influencing the change in coral cover across the region. The trend in coral cover followed a step-type function driven by the 1998 period, which differs from findings in the Caribbean and the PSEA regions where declines have been more continuous and mostly began in the 1980s. Significant regional variation was observed, with most heterogeneity occurring during and after 1998. There was a significant relationship between cover and longitude for all periods, but the relationship became stronger in the period immediately after 1998. Before 1998, highest coral cover was observed in the central IO region, while this changed to the eastern region after 1998. Coral cover and latitude displayed a significant U-shaped relationship immediately after 1998, due to a large decrease in cover in the northern-central regions. Post-1998 coral cover was directly correlated to the impact of the disturbance; areas with the lowest mortality having the highest cover with India–Sri Lanka being an outlier due to its exceptionally high recovery. In 1998, reefs within Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) were more heavily impacted than unmanaged reefs, losing significantly greater total cover. MPA recovery was greater such that no differences were observed by 2001–2005. This study indicates that the regional patterns in coral cover distribution in the IO are driven mainly by episodic and acute environmental stress.     

Epidemiological trends in multiple births in the United States, 1971-1998.

The astounding rise in multiple births in the United States continues. We analyzed live birth files from the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics. Twin, triplet, quadruplet, and quintuplet+ rates were calculated for the period 1971-1977 and for each year between 1990 and 1998. Triplet rates were also computed within categories of mother's education and age. The twin rate increased from 1.8% in 1971-77 to 2.8% in 1998. The rate of triplets increased 5.9-fold, quadruplets 11.9-fold, and quintuplets+ 5.3-fold between 1971-77 and 1998. Increases in triplet rates were much more marked among births to university-educated women and women 30 years and older. Among women 45 years and older, the triplet rate was approximately fifty times higher in 1998 than in 1971-77. This group of older women (> or = 45 years) had the highest multiple birth rate in 1998.     

The relationship between B-mating-type genes and nuclear migration in schizophyllum commune

Raudaskoski, M. 1998. The relationship between B-mating-type genes and nuclear migration in Schizophyllum commune. Copyright 1998 Academic Press.     

Comparisons of the 1995 and 1998 coral bleaching events on the patch reefs of San Salvador Island, Bahamas

Coral patch reefs around San Salvador Island, Bahamas have been monitored with the aid of Earthwatch volunteers three times a year since 1992. During that period two significant mass bleaching events occurred: autumn 1995, and late summer 1998. Elsewhere in 1995, bleaching was caused by higher-than-normal summer sea temperatures; in San Salvador, however, temperatures were normal. In 1998 a prolonged period of higher-than-normal sea temperatures preceded bleaching on San Salvador and worldwide. During the 1995 event, one of the monitored reefs had twice the percentage of coral colonies bleached as the other two. Bleaching was more evenly distributed among the reefs during the 1998 event. In 1995 Agaricia agaricites was significantly more affected than other coral species, with almost 50% of all its colonies showing bleaching. Bleaching was more evenly spread among coral species in 1998, with five species showing bleaching on more than 40% of their colonies. Bleaching began on Millepora as early as August during the 1998 event and progressed to other species through the remainder of the autumn. In 1995 bleaching was not seen until late autumn and appeared to impact all affected species at about the same time. Recovery from the 1995 event was complete: no coral death or damage above normal background levels were seen. In the 1998 event, all Acropora cervicornis on the monitored reefs died and A. palmata was severely damaged. Millepora sp. lost almost half of their live tissue, and Montastraea sp. showed significant tissue damage following this event. Phototransect analysis suggests that more than 20% of total live tissue on affected species died during the 1998 event. A. cervicornis has demonstrated no re-growth from 1998 to 2000 on monitored reefs. Monitoring has suggested significant differences in causes and courses in these two events.     

Implementation of first Croatian Law on Protection of Persons with Mental Disorders

The aim of this article was to examine Croatian psychiatric practice regarding involuntary hospitalization, after the Law on Protection of Persons with Mental Disorders became effective, on January 1, 1998. Data on the practice of involuntary hospitalizations of patients with mental disorders in Vrapce Psychiatric Hospital were collected from the medical records, for the years 1998 and 1999. Data regarding involuntary hospitalizations from other Croatian hospitals and departments were obtained from heads of psychiatric hospitals and departments for the first five months of 1998. The rate of involuntarily hospitalized patients in Vrapce Psychiatric Hospital rose significantly from 1998 to 1999 (p < 0.01). The rate of patients involuntarily hospitalized under section 21, subsection 3 rose significantly from 1998 to 1999 (p < 0.01), while rate of patients involuntarily hospitalized under section 22, subsection 1 decreased significantly in the same period (p < 0.01) in Vrapce Psychiatric Hospital. The implementation of the Law on protection of persons with mental disorders was not applied uniformly in all Croatian psychiatric institutions during first five months of 1998. Further analyses on this subject are necessary in order to investigate the influence of changes and supplements to the Law on the protection of persons with mental disorders on the practice of involuntary hospitalizations.     

Imaging the Arctic.

Imaging the Arctic. J. C. H. King and Henrietta Lidchi. eds. London: British Museum Press, 1998. (Also Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1998; Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1998.) 256 pages.     

Jewish in America or the Search for an Identity

How Jews Became White Folks and What That Says about Race in America. Karen Brodkin. Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1998. 243 pp.
Dispersing the Ghetto: The Relocation of Jewish Immigrants across America. Jack Glazier. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998. 245 pp.
Portrait of the American Jewish Community. Norman Linzer. David J. Schnall. and Jerome A. Chanes. eds. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1998. 220 pp.
From Immigrant to Ethnic Culture: American Yiddish in South Philadelphia. Rakhmiel Peltz. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1998. 269 pp.     

Floral meristems as a source of enhanced yield and quality of DNA in grasses

Floral meristems of Lolium and Festuca grasses give a 5- to 19-fold enhancement in yield of extracted DNA in comparison with leaves. Meristems also provide highly pure DNA samples. The method could be useful for applications in molecular genetics in many species of the Gramineae. Received: 14 April 1998 / Revision received: 8 June 1998 / Accepted: 10 July 1998     

HIV infection in Russia in 1998

The statistic information about the distribution of HIV-infected persons in 1998 in different regions of Russian Federation was presented 3169 new cases of HIV-infected persons of Russia registered by 11.5 months in 1998. This are only 82.2% cases in comparison of cases (3856) which registered in 1997. The total number HIV-infected persons registered by 1st of January 1987-16th of November 1998 was 10,193, among them 431 children. 112 children were infected during period of mother's pregnancy and parturitions.     

Theoretical evaluation of cell membrane ion channel activation by applied magnetic fields

This letter re-examines a recently published calculation of the forces exerted on a membrane ion channel by a cation passing through in the presence of an externally applied magnetic field. We show here, in contradiction to the originally published calculation, that the forces generated due to the Lorentz force of the magnetic field on the cation are negligible compared with the forces required to activate an ion channel protein conformation change associated with the gating of the channel. Received: 11 August 1998 / Revised version: 25 October 1998 / Accepted: 11 November 1998     

Occurrence of Bunodera sacculata Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932 in Perca flavescens from Silver Creek and Silver Lake,Michigan

Bunodera sacculata (Trematoda: Allocreadiidae) infected 65 (54%) of 120 yellow perch collected in 1997 and 40 (50%) of 80 perch from Silver Creek in 1998. and 17 (30%) of 56 perch in 2000 from Silver Lake in lower Michigan. Gravid B. sacculata occurred in the pyloric ceca and anterior intestine. There were differences in monthly trends (July through August) in prevalences, mean intensities, and mean abundances of B. sacculata in Silver Creek between 1997 and 1998. The mean intensity +/- SD (8.2 +/- 9.1) and mean abundance (4.1 +/- 7.8) of B. sacculata were significantly higher in 1998 than in 1997 and 2000. An additional 20 perch (0+ in age) collected from the creek in July 1998 were all infected and had the highest mean intensity of 21.3 +/- 14.1.     

Recent Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) infestations in Florida--a genetic perspective

Microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variability data were used to study infestations of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) in Florida in 1997 and 1998. A total of 132 flies collected in monitoring traps or as larvae removed from fruit were examined at three polymorphic mtDNA restriction sites and two microsatellite loci. All of the flies sampled in Florida in 1997 displayed the mitochondrial AAB haplotype and represent a novel introduction of Mediterranean fruit flies into the state. All flies collected in central Florida in 1998 also displayed the AAB haplotype. Microsatellite analysis of these specimens from 1998 detected only alleles that were present in 1997. These results strongly indicate that the 1998 Florida outbreaks were derived from the Florida populations from the previous year. According to our analyses, the Mediterranean region is the most likely source for the 1997 Florida infestation. Flies from a small outbreak in Miami Springs, Dade County, FL, early in 1998 had a different mtDNA haplotype, characterized by the AAC restriction pattern. Microsatellites of these specimens showed significant differences in their allelic distribution from AAB flies, indicating an origin from a separate source population. South America is the most likely source for the Miami Springs flies.     

The current problems in the epidemiology and prevention of viral hepatitis B and C in the Russian Federation

The data on the epidemiological situation with hepatitides B and C in the Russian Federation in 1991-1998 are presented. Morbidity rates in hepatitis B, registered during the recent 3 years, were 35.8 (1996), 36.3 (1997) and 35.7 (1998) per 100,000 of the population. Morbidity rates in acute hepatitis C were 3.2 (1996), 9.1 (1997) and 11.6 (1998) per 100,000 of the population. Different regions of the Russian Federation were noted to have pronounced differences in the activity of the epidemic processes of hepatitides B and C.     

The annual reproductive pattern of the Antarctic clam, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Laternula elliptica</Emphasis> from Marian Cove,King George Island

The annual reproductive cycle of the Antarctic soft-shelled clam, Laternula elliptica, in Marian Cove, King George Island was studied over a 2-year period from February 1998 to January 2000. Annual changes in the gametogenesis were investigated by measuring the percentage of area occupied by oocytes in a follicle [follicle index (FI)] and the oocyte size. In 1998, the monthly mean FI increased significantly from October to November, peaked in December, and decreased rapidly from December to January. In February and March 1999, degenerated eggs were observed in the spent follicles. Degeneration and resorption of residual eggs by phagocytosis occurred mostly in February and March in both 1998 and 1999, although the resorption process was observed year-round. The histology indicated that complete vitellogenic growth of L. ellpitica at Marian Cove takes at least a year and the clams spawn annually during the austral summer. The ripening and subsequent spawning of clams at Marian Cove in 1998 and 1999 coincided with the algal blooming (September–October 1998 and December and January 1999–2000) suggesting that in coastal Antarctica food supply is a crucial factor that governs gonad maturation and subsequent spawning along with the water temperature.     

Notoedric mange in western gray squirrels from Washington

From February 1998 to July 1999, 65 western gray squirrels (Sciurus griseus griseus) were trapped at three sites in Klickitat County, Washington (USA) as part of a home range and habitat use study. No squirrels (0/9) with mange lesions were identified in the initial trapping session (February and March 1998). During all subsequent trapping sessions (August 1998 through July 1999), squirrels with lesions consistent with notoedric mange, caused by the mite Notoedres centrifera (douglasi), were captured or recaptured at all three study sites. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology and examination of mites obtained from skin scrapings from two affected squirrels. Of the 56 squirrels captured from August 1998 to July 1999, 33 (59%) had characteristic mange lesions, and 14 (42%) affected squirrels died directly of mange or of secondary complications of mange. Only four breeding females of 22 radio-collared animals (males and females) in the study population were known to have survived the mange outbreak (12 died, 6 missing). Factors potentially contributing to this mange outbreak include a mast crop failure in the fall of 1998 and transmission of mites from animial to animal during trapping and processing sessions.     

Endophytic fungi in leaves of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill

Endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy tomato leaves from field-grown plants. Several surface-sterilization techniques were assayed for removing and killing epiphytes on tomato leaves. Surface-sterilization with an undiluted commercial solution of sodium hypochlorite was employed. To determine the spectrum of endophytes, samples were collected in February 1998 and 1999 from tomato plants (cultivar Tommy) cultivated in the experimental fields of Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. In general, different spectra of species were isolated in 1998 and 1999.Alternaria alternata was the fungus most frequently isolated from tomato leaves in 1999, but it was the second most common species in 1998. In contrast, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was the fungus most frequently isolated in 1998, but it was not found in 1999. Species of other genera, such as Cladosporium and Penicillium, were isolated in both years.