两种灵芝孢子粉多糖的分离纯化和结构

本文采用水提醇沉法从灵芝孢子粉中提取其粗多糖,经Sepharose CL-6B凝胶柱层析分离得两种主要成分LBPI和LBPII,经高效液相色谱鉴定,均为高均一性成分,分子量分别为9.17×10 ⁴和1.86×10 ⁴;经酸水解、乙酰化和气相色谱分析,确定LBPI的单糖组成为甘露糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖,LBPII的单糖组成为鼠李糖、甘露糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖;通过高碘酸氧化、甲基化和GC-MS进行结构分析,确定LBPI中葡萄糖残基连接方式为1→、1→4,6和1→3,6连接,半乳糖残基为1→6连接,甘露糖残基为1→3,6连接,LBPII中鼠李糖残基连接方式为1→连接,葡萄糖残基为1→、1→4、1→6、1→4,6和1→3,6连接,半乳糖残基为1→6连接,甘露糖残基为1→2,3,6连接。综上,两种多糖LBPI和LBPII均为多分支的中型杂多糖,但两者的单糖组成和连接方式存在差异,这两种多糖成分均为首次报道,可望为灵芝孢子粉的成分、活性研究和资源开发提供理论依据。     

茶多糖TGC的结构表征

采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分析均一茶多糖TGC的单糖组成, 并与NMR, 圆二色谱、紫外扫描等其他分析方法结合, 对茶多糖TGC的一级结构及其在溶液中的构象加以探讨. 结果表明: 茶多糖TGC是由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖和半乳糖等6种单糖组成, 它在水溶液中应以有序的螺旋构象存在, 其一级结构为: 主链的骨架结构由鼠李糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖构成, 这3种单糖都有可能连接支链, 不接支链时其连接方式为β1→3, 支链主要由阿拉伯糖构成, 其连接方式可为β1→2, β1→3, β2→3三种, 木糖以β1→存在于主链和支链的末端.     

东北红豆杉多糖的化学研究

利用水提醇沉提取东北红豆杉多糖TP,经超滤得到超滤外液TP-1和内液TP-2。TP-2进行部分酸水解和凝胶柱层析分离纯化,得到TP-2-1a。通过对理化性质、分子量、单糖组成和甲基化测定结果分析,确定其分子量分布在7.0 kDa左右,糖组成由Rha、Man、Gal、Glu、GalA和GlcA构成,摩尔比为:16.9∶1.0∶15.5∶1.3∶9.9∶2.5,中性糖以Gal的1→3、1→4连接为主,在1→3连接的O-6位上有分支;Rha以1→2连接为主,在O-4位上有分支;Man以1→4、1→6连接为主;Glu以1→3、1→4连接为主;非还原末端主要是Gal及少量的Man、Glu和Rha。酸性糖以1→4连接GalA为主,无分支。该多糖为首次从东北红豆杉中分离得到。     

安络小皮伞中水溶性多糖的研究——Ⅰ.甘露聚糖 FP_1 的纯化与结构研究

从安络小皮伞水溶性多糖中分离纯化得一甘露聚糖 FP_1。分子量约为24万。经红外光谱、~+H-NMR 谱和亲和层析指明为β-甘露聚糖。结构分析采用高碘酸氧化、Smith 降解、完全甲基化 GC、GC-MS 与~(13)C-NMR 分析,分子的主链是β-D-(1→6)连接的甘露糖,支链为β-(1→3),β(1→2)甘露糖,分别连接在主链的 O-3和 O-2上。     

大鲵皮肤粘液多糖的提取及单糖组成分析北大核心CSCD

本文对大鲵皮肤粘液多糖的提取和单糖组分进行了研究。采用水提取、碱提取、酸提取及酶提取法从大鲵皮肤粘液提取粗多糖,通过1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMP)柱前衍生高效液相色谱法分析大鲵粘液多糖的单糖组分。结果表明:碱提取、酸提取、水提取、碱性蛋白酶及酸性蛋白酶提取物的总糖含量分别为4.23%、1.54%、1.81%、3.71%、2.19%;碱提取物的单糖组分为甘露糖(Man)、葡萄糖醛酸(Glc UA)、半乳糖醛酸(Gal UA)、氨基葡萄糖(Glc N)、葡萄糖(Glc)、半乳糖(Gal);酸提取物的单糖组分为Man、Glc UA;水提取物的单糖组分为Man、Glc UA、Gal;碱性蛋白酶提取物的单糖组分为Man、Glc UA、Glc N;酸性蛋白酶提取物的单糖组分为Man、Glc UA、Glc,表明不同提取工艺得到的粘液多糖的单糖组成存在差异。本文为大鲵皮肤粘液多糖的开发利用提供了依据。     

大鲵皮肤粘液多糖的提取及单糖组成分析

本文对大鲵皮肤粘液多糖的提取和单糖组分进行了研究。采用水提取、碱提取、酸提取及酶提取法从大鲵皮肤粘液提取粗多糖,通过1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMP)柱前衍生高效液相色谱法分析大鲵粘液多糖的单糖组分。结果表明:碱提取、酸提取、水提取、碱性蛋白酶及酸性蛋白酶提取物的总糖含量分别为4.23%、1.54%、1.81%、3.71%、2.19%;碱提取物的单糖组分为甘露糖(Man)、葡萄糖醛酸(Glc UA)、半乳糖醛酸(Gal UA)、氨基葡萄糖(Glc N)、葡萄糖(Glc)、半乳糖(Gal);酸提取物的单糖组分为Man、Glc UA;水提取物的单糖组分为Man、Glc UA、Gal;碱性蛋白酶提取物的单糖组分为Man、Glc UA、Glc N;酸性蛋白酶提取物的单糖组分为Man、Glc UA、Glc,表明不同提取工艺得到的粘液多糖的单糖组成存在差异。本文为大鲵皮肤粘液多糖的开发利用提供了依据。     

蜗牛黏液多糖的提取、表征及抗氧化性和免疫活性

利用高效凝胶色谱串联紫外、示差和多角度激光散射检测器(HPSEC-UV-RI-MALLS)对蜗牛黏液中的多糖进行分子量分布表征。利用气相色谱串联质谱(GC-MS)和红外光谱(FT-IR)对其化学结构进行表征;并对所获得的多糖进行抗氧化及免疫活性的评价。结果显示:蜗牛黏液中主要含有5个组分的多糖,是其重要的活性成分。对这5个多糖进行鉴定,其平均分子量为4.549×10~6、1.392×10~5、6.291×10~4、5.262×10~(4 )和4.153×10~(4 )。单糖由岩藻糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖组成,摩尔比为1.69∶2.46∶0.12∶1。多糖主链为→2) Manp-(1→,→3) Fucp-(1→和→3) Manp-(1→。此外,蜗牛黏液多糖具有明显的抗氧化作用,能很好地清除ABTS·~+和·OH,IC_(50)值分别为2.35和4.70 mg/mL;且能明显增强巨噬细胞(RAW264.7)的吞噬能力,促进NO和白细胞介素(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)等免疫细胞因子的释放。     

亚心形扁藻多糖的提取分离纯化及组成研究

以实验室培养的亚心型扁藻为原料,热水提取扁藻多糖。多糖经加热除蛋白、乙醇分级、Sephadex G-50柱层析等一系列纯化步骤后,得到一扁藻多糖(简称PPSc-1)。PPSc-1经醋酸纤维素薄膜电泳和SephadexG-100柱层析的纯度鉴定,组分均一。将多糖PPSc-1用三氟乙酸全水解,然后进行HPAEC-PAD分析,结果表明组成该多糖的单糖为D-半乳糖、D-2-氨基葡萄糖、D-阿拉伯糖、D-鼠李糖和3种未知单糖。各种已知单糖的摩尔比是D-半乳糖∶D-2-氨基葡萄糖∶D-阿拉伯糖∶D-鼠李糖=59.64∶40.9∶18∶1。     

两个赤芝子实体多糖的理化特性分析及结构鉴定

赤芝子实体多糖P32A分子量为506,322,P32B分子量为287,389,两种多糖均以己糖为主构成。P32A由鼠李糖、木糖、甘露糖和葡萄糖组成,四种单糖的摩尔比为：4．3：2．6：6．3：11．4;P32B亦由鼠李糖、木糖、甘露糖和葡萄糖组成,摩尔比为：1．2：1．0：2．1：9．2。该结果显示,P32A与P32B具有较类似的糖组成,且都以葡萄糖和甘露糖为主要单糖组分。根据^13C NMR和甲基化的结果分析知P32A可能含有l→4连接的葡萄糖构成的主链,非还原末端均由葡萄糖构成,此外P32A中还有l,4-连接的甘露糖和l,3—连接的鼠李糖。P32B可能以l→3连接形成主链,部分l,3-连接葡萄糖的6位有分支,该多糖也含有由葡萄糖构成的非还原末端,与P32A类似,P32B中还含有l,4-连接的甘露糖,不同的是不含l,3—连接的鼠李糖。     

野木瓜水溶性多糖的分离纯化及抗氧化活性研究(英文)

采用水提醇沉法获得了水溶性野木瓜粗多糖(CCCPs),经过脱蛋白、脱色及透析,得到了野木瓜精多糖(FCCPs),再经DEAE-纤维素和Sepharose CL-6B柱层析得到均多糖组分(CCP1)。高效液相色谱法测定CCP1的单糖组成为:鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、果糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖,其摩尔比为0.034∶0.228∶0.045∶0.055∶0.638。体外抗氧化实验结果表明:不同纯度的野木瓜多糖都具有一定的抗氧化活性,并且随着多糖浓度增加,抗氧化活性增强,野木瓜粗多糖(CCCPs)对·OH和O-·2的清除能力比精多糖(FCCPs)和均多糖(CCP1)强。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.