Sesquiterpenoids of fourteen Plagiochila species

The distribution of ent-2,3-secoaromadendrane-, ent-aromadendrane-, ent-bicyclogermacrane- and ent-maaliane-type sesquiterpenoids in fourteen Plagiochila species is described. These sesquiterpenes are the significant chemosystematic markers of Plagiochila. The intense pungent substance of some Plagiochila species is due to an ent-2,3-secoaromadendrane-type sesquiterpene hemiacetal, plagiochiline A.     

中国东北地区地卷属地衣的研究

本文作者根据前人的文献资料,对中国科学院林业土壤研究所1950年以来在东北地区所采集的1200余号地卷属地衣植物标本进行整理、研究,共报道23个种,其中8个种为东北地区新分布。本文包括属的特征、分种检索表、种的文献考证、生境、产地以及国内外的地理分布。     

Karyotype Analysis of 5 Species of Polygonatum Mill.

The present paper reports the chromosome numbers and karyotypes of five species in Polygonatum from Anhui of China. The materials used in this work are listed in Table 1, Photomicrographs of somatic metaphase and karyograms of the five species of Polygonatum in Plate 1, 2, 3, the idiograms in Fig. 1-11 and a comparison of the karyotype of them is provided in Table 2. The results are shown as follows: 1. Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.)Druce Two materials were examined. One from Mt. Huangshan, Anhui, has 2n= 16 = 10m (3sc)+ 6sm (Plate 1 :A, B). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 1. The chromosomes range in length from 2.85 to 8.85 μm, with the total length 48.63μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.11, The karyotype belong to Stebbins’(1971) 2B. The two chromosomes of the first pair have arm ratios 1.01 and 1.29 respectively, and The first pair has one chromosome carrying a satellite attached to the short arm, showing heterozyosity .The chromosome num ber of 2n= 16 in P. odoratum and its karyotype are reported for the first time. The other from Langyashan, Chu - xian, Anhui, is found to have 2n = 18 = 10m (Isc)+2sm+6st(2sc) (Plate 1: C, D). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 2. The chromosomes range in length from 2.43 to 8.29μm, with the total length 46.67µm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.41. The karyotype is also of 2B. In a somatic chromosome complement the 2nd pair have one chromosome carrying a satellite attached to the long arm, showing heterozygosity. 2. Polygonatum filipes Merr. Two materials were examined. One from the Huangshan, Anhui is found to have two cytotypes: 2n= 16 and 2n=22. This paper reports one of them. The karyotype formula is 2n=22=8m+8sm(2sc)+6st(Plate 3: Q, R). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 3. The chromosomes range in length from 2.55- 5.85μm, with the total length 45.01 μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.29. The karyotype belongs to 3B. The other material from the Fangchang, Anhui, is shown to have four cytitypes: 2n= 14, 2n= 16, 2n=20 (Plate 3: W) and 2n=22. This paper reports two of them. Type I: the karytype formula is 2n=14=10m+4sm (Plate 3: S, T). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 5. The chromosomes range in length from 2.59 to 7.61μm, the total length 37.44μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest is 2.94. the karyotype belongs to 2B. Type II :The karyotype formula is 2n=16=8m+4sm+4st (Plate 3: U, V). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 4. The chromosomes range in length from 2.65 to 8.21 μm, the total length 46.01 μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.10. The karyotype belongs to 2B. The chromosome numbers of 2n=20, 2n= 14 and 2n=22, and karyotype of 2n= 14 and 2n=22 in P. filipes are reported for the first time. 3. Polygonatum cytonema Hua Two materials were examined. One from the Langyashan, Chuxian, anhui, is found to have 2n = 18 = 8m (2sc)+ 6sm+ 4st (Plate 2: K, L). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 7. The chromosomes range in length from 3.41 to 9.21 μm, the total length 56.34μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest is 2.70. The karyotype belongs to 2B. The other material from the Huangshan, Anhui, has two cytotypes: 2n=20 and 2n= 22. Type I: The karyotype formula is 2n= 20= 8m+ 6sm+ 6st (Plate 2: M, N). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 8. The chromosomes range in length from 1.75 to 5.03μm, with the total length 32. 91μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2. 87. The karyotype is also of 2B. Type II: The karyotype formula is 2n=22=6m+ 8sm+4st+ 4t (Plate 2: O, P ). The idiogram is Shown in Fig. 10. The chromosomes range in length from 1.75 to 4.95 μm, with total length 35.05μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.83. The karyotype brlongs to 3B. 4. Polygonatum desoulayi kom. The material from Xuancheng, Anhui, is found to have karyotype 2n = 22 = 10m (2sc) + 6sm (lsc) + 6st ( Plate 2. I, J). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 6. The chromosomes range in length from 1.86 to 5.61μm, with the total length 41.98μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.02. The karyotype is also of 3B. The first pair has one chromosome carrying a satellite attached to the long arm, showing heterozygosity. The chromosome number and karyotype of Chinese material are reported for the first time. 5. Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) All. The material from the Langyashan, Chuxian, Anhui is found to have two cytotypes. Type 1: the karyotype formula is 2n = 18 = 2m+ 2sm+ 10st+ 2t+ 2T (Plate 1: G, H). The idiogram is shown in Fig.9. The chromosomes range in length from 1.86 to 4.03μm, with total length 28.28μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.17. The karyotype classification belongs to 3B. Type II: The karyotype formula is 2n=24=6m+4sm+12st+2T (Plate 1: E, F). The idiogram is shown in Fig. II. The chromosomes range in length from 2.01 to 5.03μm, with total length 41.36μm and the ratio of longest to shortest 2.50. The karyotype is also of 3B. The chromosome numbers and karyotypes of Chinese material are reported for the first time.     

拟盘多毛孢属真菌的新种*

报导拟盘多毛孢属真菌的8个新种。这8个新种是:近似状拟盘多毛孢Pestalotiopsis affinis、山姜拟盘多毛孢P. alpiniae、见血封喉拟盘多毛孢P. antiaris、五桠果拟盘多毛孢P. dilleniae、广西拟盘多毛孢P. kuwangsiensis、莲拟盘多毛孢P. nelumbinis、木荷拟盘多毛孢P. schimae、和神秘果拟盘多毛孢P. synsepali。新种的模式标本保存在广西大学植保系标本室。     

四种云杉的核型分析

首次报道了中国珍稀濒危保护植物长叶云杉 ( P. smithiana ( Wall.) Boiss.)和康定云杉 ( P. likian-gensis( Franch.) Pritz.var.montigena( Mast.) Cheng ex Chen)及我国特产的青海云杉 ( P.crassif oliaKom.)和林芝云杉 ( P.likiangensis( Franch.) Pritz.var.linzhiensis Cheng et L.K.Fu)的核型。它们的核型公式都是 K( 2 n) =2 4 =2 2 m+2 sm (林芝云杉有 1条 B染色体 ) ,染色体相对长度组成分别为 2 n=1 4 M2 +8M1 +2 S,2 L+1 2 M2 +6M1 +4S,2 L +1 0 M2 +1 0 M1 +2 S,和 2 L+1 2 M2 +6M1 +4S.均为 2 A (除青海云杉 1 A外 )核型类型。     

On Paradicranophorus aculeatus ((NEISTWESTNOVA-SHADINA, 1935) with Remarks on All Other Species of the Genus (Rotifera: Dicranophoridae)

In 1934, the rotifer Paradicranophorus aculeatus was discovered by Neistwestnova-Shadina in the River Oka near Murom (Russia). She described it as a Dicranophorus species. In 1958, the rheophilic rotifer was rediscovered in the Polish River Grabia by Pawlowski. This paper reports a third occurence in three samples from the Yun Nan Luoxiao River in China, allowing additional studies of this rare species.     

我国鼎湖山的担子菌类——Ⅰ.多孔菌科的种

广东鼎湖山自然保护区内的大型真菌比较丰富和复杂。本文报道该地区有关多孔菌科的4个新种和14个新纪录,其中小多孔菌Polyporus minor Bi et G.Y.Zheng sp.nov.,近莲座多孔菌Polyporus subfloriformis Bi et Zheng sp. nov.,近软多孔菌Polyporus submollis Bi etZheng sp.nov.和近多年生多孔菌Polyporus subperennis Bi et Zheng sp.nov.,等为新种。     

中国单轴霉分类的研究Ⅱ.寄生在伞形科上的新种和已知种

本文报道在我国伞形科植物上寄生的4种单轴霉(Plasmopara)。其中寄生于鸭儿芹(Cryptotaenia japonic Hassk)上的鸭儿芹单轴霉(Plasmopara cryptotaeniae sp.nov.)和寄生于水芹[Oenanthe javanica(BI.)DC.]及卵叶水芹(O.rosthornii Diels)上的水芹单轴霉(Plasmopara oenantheae sp.nov.)是2个新种。寄生于变豆菜(Sanicula chinensis Bunge)上的变豆菜单轴霉(Plasmopara saniculae Traian et O.savulescu)是亚洲的新记录种。     

中国假尾孢属的研究II．

本文报道中国假尾孢属的24个种,其中有2个新种:杨桐假尾孢(Pseudocercospora adinandrae Guo&Liu),钟萼假尾孢(Pseudocercospora bretschneiderae Liu&Guo),10个新组合,1个新名称:木豆假尾孢(Pseudoeercospora cajani-flavi Guo&Liu)和11个中国新记录。文中对2个新种提供了拉丁文简介、描述及图。所研究的标本全部保存在中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室(HMAS)。     

中国假尾孢属的研究Ⅱ.

本文报道中国假尾孢属的24个种,其中有2个新种:杨桐假尾孢(Pseudocercospora adinandrae Guo&Liu),钟萼假尾孢(Pseudocercospora bretschneiderae Liu&Guo),10个新组合,1个新名称:木豆假尾孢(Pseudoeercospora cajani-flavi Guo&Liu)和11个中国新记录。文中对2个新种提供了拉丁文简介、描述及图。所研究的标本全部保存在中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室(HMAS)。     

A new species of Polystichum (Pteridophyta: Dryopteridaceae) from South Africa

A new Polystichum (Pteridophyta: Dryopteridaceae) species, P. incongruum J.P.Roux sp. nov. from the Western and Eastern Cape Provinces from Soudi Africa is described. This variable species is related to P. pungens (Kaulf.) C.Presl but differs from it in pinnule morphology, the frequent occurrence of glandular cells along the sporangium stalk, the (more rare) occurrence of clavate unicellular glands along the indusium margin and a chromosome number of 2 n = 164.     

采自长白山的中国鳞伞属新记录

报道了采自吉林省长白山地区的中国鳞伞属 Pholiota新记录4种,即毕格劳鳞伞Pholiota bigelowii、密生鳞伞Pholiota condensa、群生鳞伞Pholiota gregariiformis和酒红褐鳞伞Pholiota vinaceobrunnea,并提供详尽的形态描述和线条图。研究标本存放在吉林农业大学菌物标本馆（HMJAU）。     

中国野生牡丹研究（一）芍药属牡丹组新分类群

牡丹为我国特产珍贵花树和药用树种,已有1500余年栽培历史,建国以来,各地栽培品种已达500余个。 有关牡丹分类的主要研究成果多为西方科学家根据18—19世纪从我国引种到英、美、法等国的栽培牡丹和腊叶标本加以描述和定名。 作者近几年来在安徽、河南、湖南、山西、陕西、甘肃、四川、云南等地对我国野生牡丹进行了较广泛的调查和研究。 本文发表3个新种和1个新等级,这对研究我国栽培牡丹的起源和栽培品种的自然分类,发掘、保护、利用我国珍稀野生牡丹基因资源,培育新品种,扩大牡丹栽培地区等方面提供了科学理论依据。     

中国橡胶树疫霉种的研究*

疫病是我国植胶区的主要病害。近年来,作者从云南西双版纳和广东海南岛的橡胶树和胶园土共分离出57株疫霉菌种。通过分类研究,共鉴定出4个种:恶疫霉 Phytophthoracactorum(Leb.＆ Cohn)Schroeter,辣椒疫霉 P.capsici Leoman,柑桔褐腐疫霉 P.citrophthora(Sm.＆ Sm.)Leonian,和棕榈疫霉 P.palmivora(Butl.)Butler。其中辣椒疫霉是首次在橡胶树上发现。我国橡胶树疫霉的种群结构与东南亚和南亚的有所不同,除棕榈疫霉外,其余3种在东南亚和南亚均未发现。而东南亚常见种:簇囊疫霉(P.botryosa)、橡胶疫霉(P.heveae)和蜜色疫霉(P.meadii),在我国却迄今尚未发现或有待证实。以前报道分离自胶园土壤中的芋疫霉(P.colocasiae),可能系柑桔褐腐疫霉之误。绝大多数分离物经配对培养均可产生性器官:辣椒疫霉的A~1交配型和A~2交配型大致相等;柑桔褐腐疫霉和棕榈疫霉的A~2交配型则明显多于A~1交配型。     

拟鹅观草属3种植物的核型研究

对禾本科小麦族拟鹅观草属物种Pseudoroegneria geniculata、P.geniculata ssp.scythica和P.geniculata ssp.pruinifera的核型进行了研究.结果显示:P.geniculata和P.geniculata ssp.scythica为四倍体物种,P.geniculata ssp.pruinifera为六倍体物种;P.geniculata、P.geniculata ssp.scythica和P.geniculata ssp.pruinifera的核型公式分别为2n=4x=28=18m(2sat)+10sm(2sat)、2n=4x=28=28m(2sat)和2n=6x=42=36m(6sat)+6sm(2sat);P.geniculata和P.geniculata ssp.pruinifera为2A核型,而P.geniculata ssp.scythica为1A核型.研究表明:3种植物的核型存在差异;P.geniculata ssp.pruinifera的核型为首次报道,其核型明显不同于P.geniculata和P.geniculata ssp.scythica.     

中国耳蕨属高山耳蕨组的分类学研究

高山耳蕨组的成员是中国西部、印度北部和喜马拉雅山区常见的蕨类。其成员为夏绿植物,叶片 薄而柔弱。秋季叶片枯萎后叶柄基部宿存在地面形成一个丛堆以保护幼芽,这显然是对高山严峻环境 的适应。作为高山地带特有类型,1972年日本蕨类学家Sigeru Daigobo将它们作为耳蕨属下的一个组 ——高山耳蕨组Sect．Lasiopolystichum Daigobo,这是合理的。Daigobo建立此组时只包含3个种,经过 对中国大量标本及有关文献的研究,现知在中国约有30种应归人此组,其中有3新种:红鳞耳蕨P．ru- fopaleaceum,石生耳蕨P.saxicola,康定耳蕨P．kangdingense;2新变种．裂叶耳蕨P．sinense var．loba- tum,条裂耳蕨P．mollissimum Var．laciniatum;1新组合,钝裂耳蕨P．integrilobum(Sorolepidium)。据羽片背面的小鳞片类型可将高山耳蕨组划分为2个系:穆坪系Ser．Moupinensia和中华系Ser．Sinensia。