绞股蓝属植物的分类系统和分布

绞股蓝属全世界有16种2变种,隶属于2亚属2组,即喙果藤亚属(包括五柱绞股蓝组和喙果藤组)及绞股蓝亚属。其现代分布中心或多样化中心为我国长江流域至西南的云南,由此向北达秦岭南坡和淮河流域以南,向东北经华中、华东至朝鲜半岛和日本北部,向南经中南半岛、马来西亚达菲律宾、印度尼西亚诸岛和巴布亚新几内亚,向西达印度西北部,为热带亚洲分布类型。根据该属的原始类群和进化类型的现代分布和多样化中心及它们的生态适应性,与古地质、古地理和古气候的变迁以及外类群起源地等推测,绞股蓝属植物可能与其近缘属——雪胆属和锥形果属共同起源于康滇古陆,起源时间可能为早第三纪。     

中国栎属(壳斗科)基于叶表皮及叶结构特征的分支分析

以三棱栎为外类群,基于叶表皮及叶结构特征对中国栎属进行初步的分支分析,结果显示了栎属内稳定的“支”结构及其种间关系。栎亚属可划分为5个组,分别为巴东栎组,高山栎组,Jiang子栎组,麻栎组和槲栎组,Jiang子栎组是栎亚属常绿栎类与落叶栎类之间的过渡类群;高山栎组应为栎亚属常绿栎类中的特化类群,而非最原始类群,5个组中,仅巴东栎组不是单系类群,而是一个多系类群,青冈亚属较栎亚属早分支,可划分为3大类;无毛类,简单被毛类和复杂被毛类;无毛类最原始,复杂被毛类与栎亚属关系最近,因此,叶表皮及叶结构特征对解决栎亚属组间亲缘关系有重要的分类学意义。     

论世界蒿属植物区系

本文从多学科, 包括形态、地理分布、孢粉、古植物、谱系分支分析及化学成分等学科的研究, 论述了世界蒿属植物的系统分类及其种属地理、历史地理和区系地理.     

中国蒿属植物化学分类的初步研究――精油化学成分与系统分类的相关性

分析了171个中国蒿属植物样品的精油化学成分,鉴定出305个化合物。这些样品代表64个种,其中蒿亚属47种,龙蒿亚属17种。 分析结果表明,这些化合物在两亚属中的分布有一定的规律性。在蒿亚属精油中主要含单萜类和倍半萜类化合物,而在龙蒿亚屑精油中主要含倍半萜类化合物和芳香族化合物。这种分布与中国蒿属植物从较原始到进化划分为7个组的系统分类有一定的相关性,即蒿亚属:莳萝蒿组(单萜类化合物)→艾蒿组(单萜类化合物)→艾组(单萜类化合物)→腺毛蒿组(单萜类化合物和倍半萜类化合物)→白苞蒿组(倍半萜类化合物)。龙蒿亚属:龙蒿组(倍半萜类化合物和芳香族化合物)→牡蒿组(倍半萜类化合物和芳香族化合物)。     

椴树属的地理分布

椴树属Tilia是椴树科一个形态特殊且唯一的北温带分布属,分布于亚洲、欧洲和北美,构成典型的北温带分布格局,三个分离的分布区之间缺乏共有种。本文对各分布区的种类进行重新评价,确认全属25种。其中东亚17种,占68％,包含了现存种类各个演化阶段的类群,是现代分布中心;欧洲-西西伯利亚6种,属于木果组及壳果组;北美2种,均为木果组成员。化石分布与现代地理分布格局基本相似,但分布纬度较现代分布偏北,达到北纬80°附近,且还出现于现今无椴树分布的亚洲大陆腹地,北美西部椴树至第三纪末完全绝迹,而东部到第四纪才有化石记录。根据现代地理分布,结合化石证据、地质历史、气候变迁及形态演化推测,椴树属可能在白垩纪晚期起源于中国东部亚热带山地,至少到始新世之前已散布至欧洲和北美西部。渐新世之后的全球降温和更新世大冰期对椴树属现代地理分布格局的形成起着至关重要的作用。     

A Study on the Genus Juncus Linn. from China

Juncus Linn. is a cosmopolitan genus with about 240 species, widely distributed in both hemispheres, but most abundant in the frigid and temperate zones. In the present paper, a revision of this genus in China is made, and a key to the species is provided. This paper also presents a systematic arrangement of the genus Juncus Linn. from China, recognizing six subgenera, 14 sections (includ. ten new), four series (includ. two new), 77 species (includ. 14 new), one subspecies (new) and ten varieties (includ. four new). They are as follows: Subgen. 1. Genuini Buchen. Sect. 1. Inflexi K. F. Wu, sect. nov. Sect. 2. Effusi (V. Krecz. et Gontsch. )K. F. Wu, stat. nov. Subgen. 2. Pseudotenageia V. Krecz. et Gontsch. Sect. 1. Kangpuenses K. F. Wu, sect. nov. Sect. 2. Compressi (V. Krecz. et Gontsch. )K. F. Wu, stat. nov. Sect. 3. Tenues (V. Krecz. etGontsch.)K. F. Wu, stat. nov. Subgen. 3. Poiophylli Buchen. Sect. 1. Nigroviolacei K. F. Wu, sect. nov. Sect. 2. Bufonii (V. Krecz. et Gontsch. )K. F. Wu, stat. nov. Subgen. 4. Graminifolii Buchen. Subgen. 5. Septati Buchen. Sect. 1. Allioides K. F. Wu, sect. nov. Sect. 2. Articulati K. F. Wu, sect. nov. Ser. 1. Articulati V. Krecz. et Gontsch. Ser. 2. Dongchuanenses K. F. Wu, ser, nov. Subgen. 6. Alpini Buchen. Sect. 1. Triglumes K. F. Wu, sect. nov. Ser. 1. Triglumes K. F. Wu, ser. nov. Ser. 2. Benghalenses K. F. Wu, ser. nov. Sect. 2. Minimi K. F. Wu, sect. nov. Sect. 3. Sikkimenses K. F. Wu, sect. nov. Sect. 4. Concinni K. F. Wu, sect. nov. Sect. 5. Sphacelati K. F. Wu, sect. nov.     

中国麻黄属的地理分布与演化

中国现有麻黄属植物１５种,２变种和１变型,这些种属于膜果麻黄组和麻黄组中的麻黄亚组,没有原始类型藤麻黄亚组的代表。我国除长江中下游及珠江流域的省区处,其他省区都有分布。麻黄花粉的化石－麻分在地层中的分布说明,麻黄在过去曾遍布我国各地,发现的最早时期是在侏罗纪,到白垩纪－早第三纪时,种类较现在丰富,将近５０种,根据麻黄粉在世界各地地层中的分布和时期,结合大陆飘移和海底扩张板块构造学说推断,原麻黄在各     

中国灯心草属植物的研究

本文通过对国产灯心草属植物的研究,提出了一个中国灯心草属分类系统排列,首次确认我国产6亚属,14组(包括10个新组),4个系(包括3个新系),77种(包括14个新种),l亚种(新亚种)和10变种(包括4个新变种),对其中一些种类作了归并及处理。     

国产堇菜属的分子系统学研究

利用基于ITS序列的分子系统学对国产堇菜属(Viola L.)进行了系统发育重建,选择Hybanthus concolor和鳞隔堇(Scyphellandra pierrei)作为外类群,对国产堇菜属植物54种1亚种共66个序列进行分析。分子系统树中获得强烈支持的中国堇菜属属下组级分类群有Sect.Viola、Sect.Diffusae、Sect.Bilobatae、Sect.Vaginatae。Subgen.Melanium与Sect.Viola和Sect.Trigonocarpae聚在一起,说明它们的亲缘关系较近,但Sect.Trigonocarpae支获得的支持率较低。分子系统树证实了Subgen.Dischidium与Subgen.Chamaemelanium的近缘关系,但不支持根据距的长短将Subgen.Dischidium划分为Sect.Longicalcaratae和Sect.Brevicalcaratae的处理。而Pinnatae类群应该作为Sect.Adnatae下的一个亚组处理。根据分子系统发育和形态学特征对V.lucens、V.magnifica、V.dissecta、V.yunnanensis等的分类地位进行了重新评价。     

Seed Morphology of Plantago in China and Its Taxonomic Significance

Studied in this work was seed morphology of the genus Plantago (2 subgenera, 8 sections, 17 species and １ variety )in China. The sculpture was observed under scanning election microscope. Four forms of seed morphology are recognized as follows: (1)Multi-angular type: seeds are variously angulate, yellow-brown or black, 6-30 in a fruit; seed-coat sculpture ranges from reticulate to papillate. It occurs in Subgen. Plantago Sect. Polyneuron: P. scheideri, P. denstflorus, P. major, P. hostifolia, P. asiatica, P. erosa and P. centralis. (2) Navicular type: seeds are navicular, yellow, brown to black, 2 in a fruit; seed-coat sculpture is reticulate. It was found in Subgen. Plantago Sect. Novorbis: P. virginica; Sect. Arnoglossum: P. lanceolata; Sect. Leucopsyllium: P. minuta, P. lessingii and P. aristata and Subgen. Psyllium Sect. Psyllium: P. indica. (3)Ovoid type: seeds are long-ovoid, yellow-brown, black and lustrous. Seed-coat sculpture scali-ratiform. P. maxima in Subgen. Plantago Sect. Lamprosantha belongs to this type. (4)Recti-circular type: seeds are recti-circular, yellow-brown, black, 1-2 or 4-5 in a fruit; seed-coat sculpture is reticulate and papillate. It was found in P. maritima var. salsa of Subgen. Plantago Sect. Coronopus and P. depressa, P. camtschatica and P. arachnoidea of Sect. Mesembrynia. The seed morphology and seed-coat sculture exhibit specific characters, by which some of confused species can be clarified and a new species, P. densiflorus J. Z. Liu. is established. The present author’s seed morphology classification is in accordance with Pilger’s systemof the genus, which was established using other features.     

A Conspectus of the Genus Bergenia Moench

In this paper the classification of the genus Bergenia Moench is provided, its geographic distribution analysed, and the phylogeny also traced. Based on an analysis of morphological characters such as leaves, ocreas, branches of inflorescences, Pedicels, hypanthium, sepals, and glandular indumentum, thi genus is divided into 3 sections: 1. Sect. Scopulosae J. T. Pan, sect. nov., 2. Sect. Bergnia, 3. Sect. Ciliatae (A. Boriss.) J. T. Pan, stat. nov. The Sect. Scopulosae J. T. Pan may be considered as the primitive one, while Sect. Ciliatae (A. Boriss.) J. T. Pan may be regarded as the advanced one, with Sect. Bergenia in between. So far, the genus Bergenia Moench comprises 9 species in the total. Southeast Asia and North Asia (south and east Siberia, USSR) each have only 1 species, West Asia (Afghanistan) has 2, Central Asia (Kirghizia-Tajikistan-Uzbekstan area, USSR) 3, South Asia 4 (Nepal has 4, India, Pakistan and Kashmir area each has 3, Bhutan and Sikkim each has 2), East Asia 6. In East Asia, Mongolia and Korea each have only 1 species, but China has 6 (including endemic species 2 and new species 1). Sichuan Province and Xizang Autonomous Region each have 3, Yunnan Province 2, Shaanxi Province (Qinling Mountains) and Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang each have only 1. Thus the distribution centre of this genus should be in the region covering Sichuan, Yunnan and Xizang. Moreover, it is noteworthy that Bergenia scopulosa T. P. Wang in Sect. Scopulosae seems to have retained primitive characters, for example, non-ciliate leaves and ocreas, glabrous pedicels, hypanthium and sepals, and this primitive species is found in Qinling Mountains and Sichuan. According to the distribution of the primitive species, the author suggests that the centre of origin of this genus be in the region covering Qinling Mountains and Sichuan.     

A Study on the Genus Astilbe Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don from China

The Astilbe Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don was founded in 1912. There are now 18 species throughout the world. USSR, Thailand, Indonesia, Bhutan, Nepal d Kashanmir each has only 1 species; Korea, Philippines and USA each has 2; India 3; Japan 6; and China 7 (including 3 endemics and 1 new variety). And northeast China, north China and northwest China each has 2; central China and southwest China each 4; eastern China 5. Thus the distribution centre of this genus seems to be in the region covering Japan and eastern, central, and southwest China. This genus is divided into two sections: Sect. Simplicifoliae Engl. and Sect. Astilbe. Sect. Simplicifoliae may be considered as the primitive one because it has 5 ordinary petals. This section consists of about 10 species: 5 in China (east China 4; southwest China 3; central China, north China and northeast China each 2; Northwest China 1), 5 in Japan, 2 in Korea, 1 in Philippines and India each. According to the distribution of this section, the author suggests that the centre of origin of this genus be in the forested parts from Japonthrough east China to southwest China.     

Chemosystematic Studies on Thalictrum L. in China

According to chemical constituents, plant morphology and geographic distribution of Thalictrum in China, the relationships among sections in the genus are discussed in the present paper. The results show: 1. China is one of the major distribution centers of Thalictrum plants, with half of species endemic. Compared with species in other regions of the world, Chinese ones are relatively primitive. 2. From the chemosystematic point of view, the system of the genus adopted in Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. is reasonable. 3. The main constituents of Thalictrum plants are benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. A correlation exists between the chemical patterns and plant evolution. The different sections are of different structure types. Aporphine-benzylisoquinoline and bisbenzylisoquinoline are major constituents in Sect. Leptostigma. Sect. Tripterium contains mainly aporphines, but non-alkaloid compounds are principal constituents in several species. In Sects. Thalictum and Schlagintweitella and Subgen. Leconyerium, types and content of alkaloids increase obviously and thus there are medicinal species. So these sections should be interested in developing some active constituents of antitumor, hypotenstion and antibacterium. 4. The genus occupies a special position in Ranunculaceae, as a transition to link the follicle plants and achene plants. Meanwhile, because the genus is rich in benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, the opinion that the Ranunculaceae, Berberidaceae, Menispermaceae andPapaveraceae form a natural group is even more strongly supported.     

论世界芨芨草属(禾本科)的地理分布

本文详细讨论了世界芨芨草属的地理分布等问题。1．全世界芨芨草属共有23种1变种,分为5个组。本文对它们进行了系统介绍。2．属的地理分布,最北为北纬62°(羽茅、毛颖芨芨草),最南为北纬26°(林阴芨芨草)。就海拔而论,分布最低的海拔记录为120m(雀麦芨芨草),分布最高的海拔记录为4600m(干生芨芨草和藏芨芨草)。3．本文讨论了芨芨草属5个组(芨芨草组,钝基草组,直芒草组,新芨芨草组,拟芨芨草组)的系统位置,和每个组包括的种类及5个组的分布格局。4．根据塔赫他间世界植物区系区划,统计了每个区的种数,明显看出伊朗—土兰区种类(18／24)是第一位,东亚区(14／24)居第二位。中国有17种,横断山脉地区、华北地区和唐古特地区种数最丰富(10种和9种)。5．研究结果表明：(A)从种的分布格局分析可见,横断山脉地区北部、唐古特地区东部和华北地区西部的交汇地是芨芨草属分布中心。(B)根据芨芨草属形态特征演化趋势分析和地史学资料推测横断山脉地区北部是芨芨草属的起源地。(C)有三条路线向外散布:a)从横断山脉地区向西沿喜马拉雅山脉,经克什米尔地区抵达地中海和中欧;b)从横断山脉向西北经祁连山、天山、塔里木盆地西侧山地,抵吉尔吉斯斯坦伊塞克湖; c)由横断山脉向东北经甘肃、宁夏、陕西、山西、河北和东北,抵达西伯利亚,东达堪察加半岛,西至鄂毕河上游,并经白令海峡陆桥分布到美国内华达山脉和落基山山脉。(D)该属植物集中分布于北半球半湿润、半干旱和干旱地区,以及极端干旱的荒漠区山地。植物的形成、发展和生态适应与气候相联系,并经过长期的适应和进化,塑造了一系列中生、旱中生的形态－生态特征和生活型。     

A Revision of Aristolochia Linn. from E. & S. Asia

This revision deals with the system, evolution, distribution, cytotaxonomy and taxonomic treatment of the genus Aristolochia Linn. from E. & S. Asia, which covers Japan, USSR (Far East), China, Viet Nam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Burma, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Sikkim, Bangladesh and Pakistan. Total 2 subgenera, 7 sections, 4 series, 68 species and 1 variety (cultivated species not included) are recognized in this treatment, of which 3 sections and 2 species are described as new. In addition, 13 new synonyms and some new records to this region are also included. Ystem Having estimated all the works dealing with the subdivision of the genus by the previous authors, the system of O. C. Schmidt (1935) is chosen as the basis, with a change of the sequence of the subdivisions. The subgenus Pararistolochia (Hutch. & Dalz.) O. C. Schmidt, which has indefinite stamens and gynandrous lobes, seems to be better considered as the most primitive one in the genus, while the subgenus Siphisia (Raf.) Duch., which has definite stamens and gynandrous lobes, anthers arranged in 3 pairs and more modifications of the perianth, seems to be the most advanced one. The perianth of the subgenus Siphisia has differentiated into several types, and it is more rational using this character to classify sections than lobes of the gynostemium. In this way, three new sections has been established. A suggested system of the genus is summarized as follows: Subgen. 1. Pararistolochia (Hutch. & Dalz.) O. C. Schmidt Subgen. 2. Aristolochia: Sect. 1. Aristolochia (2 series), Sect. 2. Gymnolobus Duch. Subgen. 3. Siphisia (Raf.) Duch.: Sect. 3. Pentodon Klotz, Sect. 4. Odontosiphisia J. S. Ma, Sect. 5. Leptosiphisia J. S. Ma, Sect. 6. Nepenthesia Klotz., Sect. 7. Obliquosiphisia J. S. Ma, Sect. 8. Siphisia (2 series). Evolution According to the character analysis of the genera of Aristolochiaceae, the evolutionary trends of the family are proposed as follows: 1, the perianth from double to single, from cup-like to tubular, 2, stamens from indefinite to definite, from separate from pistil to united into a gynostemium with pistil, which is a major evolutionary line in the family, 3, ovary from half-superior to inferior, and 4, fruit from a follicle to a capsule. It is evident that the genus Aristolochia, with a tubular perianth, stamens 6, a gynostemium, an inferior ovary and a capsule, is in highly advanced position in the family. The subgenus Pararistolochia, which has more stamens and more lobes of gynostemium, is very similar to the genus Thottea Rottb. and thus better considered as the most primitive subgenus in the genus. The subgenus Siphisia, which has definite stamens (6) in 3 pairs and 6 lobes of gynostemium as well as the polyploid feature (2n=4x=28), is the most advanced subgenus. As a result of the character analysis, the evolutionary trends of the subgenera in the genus, which are in accordance with those of the family, are proposed as follows: 1. stamens from indefinite to definite, and 2. gynostemium lobes from more to less. Distribution The more primitive subgenus Pararistolochia is only distributed in West Africa (except 1 species in Malesia), the subgenus Aristolochia in the tropical and subtropical regions, rarely in the temperate one, and the most advanced subgenus Siphisia occurs mainly in E. Asia, occasionally in N. America. The result of this work shows that the Hengduan Mountains is the second center of distribution after South America. The second center of distribution is of following features: 1. complex composition of taxa, among 3 subgenera and 8 sections, 2 subgenera and 7 sections have been recorded here, 2. rich in species, more than half of the total E. & S. Asian species, i.e. about 42 species have been found in this region, and 3. numerous endemics, more than 85 percent of the total number of species in the region, i.e. about 35 species, are endemic. Cytotaxonomy and taxonomic treatment The known chromosome numbers in 43 species, with 34 reported by Gregory (1956) and Fedorov (1969), together with 9 species newly reported in this work, show that Subgen. Aristolochia with 2n=2x=14, rarely 12, is apparently more primitive than Subgen. Siphisia with 2n=2x=28.     

On Distributional Features of the Genus Aconitum in Sino-Himalayan Flora

The geographical distribution of Aconitum in the Sino-Himalayan subregion is analysed in the present paper on the basis of taxonomy and relationship between the infrageneric taxa. Asaresult, some conclusions may be arrived as follows: 1. The Sino-Himalayan subregion is the frequency centre and the diversity centre of the genus. For analysis, the distribution area of the genus are assigned to three floristic regions, viz. 1) the East-Asian floristic region, consisting of the Sino-Himalayan subregion and SinoJapanese subregion, 2) the Euro-Siberian region and 3) the North-American region (Table 1). In the East-Asian floristic region, the Sino-Himalayan subregion comprises 3 subgenera, about 5 sections, about 13 series and nearly 180 species. However, the Sino-Japanese subregion has only 2 subgenera, 2 sections. 6 series and about 50 species. The Euro-Siberian region has 2 subgenera, 2 sections, about 9 series and nearly 70 species. The North-American region has 2 subgenera (one of the 2 subgenera has only 1 species), 1 section, 1-2 series and about 26 species. Obviously, the Sino-Himalayan subregion is the richest in taxa. 2. The Sino-Himalayan subregion is not only the preservation centre of the primitive groups and species, but also an actively differentiating region. Largely in the Sino-Himalayan subregion occurs primitive or more primitive tava in the genus, such as Sect. Fletcherum, Sect. Alatosperum and Sect. Sinaconitum, Ser. Tangutica and Ser. Brunnea etc.: A fletcherianum, A. novoluridum, A. chrysotricum, A. brevicalcaratum, A. polycarpus, A. nagarum, A. tanguti cum, A. hookeri, A. naviculare, A. violaceum, etc. On the other hand, the Sino-Himalayan subregion also has the most or relatively advanced taxa, represented by the annual monotypic subgenus Gymnaconitum, A. spiripetalum, A. hamatipetalum and A. bulbitiferum ect. About 50 infraspecific taxa occur in the subregion. For example, A. hemsleyanum has 8 varities, A. franchetii has varities and A. nagarum 1 varity and 2 forms, ect. 3. In the region under discussion the genus Aconitum shows remarkable endemism. The endemic taxa include 3 sections (Sect. Fletcherum, Sect. Alatosperum and Sect. Sina conitum), 3 series (Ser. Brevicalcarata, Ser. Crassiflora and Ser. Bullatifolia) and nearly 150 species, among which primitive and advanced ones are both present. 4. The pattern of geographical distribution of the genus Aconitum shows remarkable relationship between latitude and altitude. The majority of species of this genus prefer habi tats with a cool and more or less constantly moist climate. In the Sino-Japanese subregion, with a higher latitude, the genus has an altitude range of 500-1500 m, whereas in the Sino-Hima-layan subregion the range is 2900-5000 m. To sum up, the Sino-Himalayan subregion is the diversity centre, the frequency centre, the differentiation centre, the preservation centre of the primitive taxa and the centre of endemism of the genus Aconitum, and its development in this subregion has probably been accelerated by the lift of the Himalayas and the complicated environmental conditions.     

SEM Observation of the Inner Surface Structure of Needle Cuticles in Pinus

Comparative investigation on the inner surfaces of needle cuticle of Pinus was made for 17 species and two varieties under SEM. It is shown that the differences in protrusions and depressions of the internal cuticle surfaces of needles in the genus are not remarkable. However, the features of intercellular flanges are rather distinct and three types can be distinguished. They are: (1) Subgen. Strobus (Sweet) Rehd (except Sect. Parrya) is of the Pinus koraiensis type; (2) Subgen. Pinus is of the P. tabulaeformis type; (3) Sect. Parrya Mayr of Subgen. Strobus (Sweet) Rehd is of the P. bungeana type. The character may provide taxonomy of the genus Pinus with a new piece of evidence. Based on the features mentioned above, together with many others, such as wood anatomy, warts of wood tracheids, bark structure, needle anatomy and cuticle structure as well as karyotypic analysis in Pinus, the author considers that division of Pinus into two subgeuera is natural and that separation of Sect. Parrya Mayr from Subgen. Strobus (Sweet) Rehd. and thesubsequent establishment of the subgenus Parrya of its own are also reasonable.     

A Study on the Genus Rubus of China

The genus Rubus is one of the largest genera in the Rosaceae, consisting of more than 750 species in many parts of the world, of which 194 species have been recorded in China. In the present paper the Rubus is understood in its broad sense, including all the blackberries, dewberries and raspberries, comprising the woody and herbaceous kinds. So it is botanically a polymorphic, variable and very complicated group of plants. The detailed analysis and investigation of the evolutionary trends of the main organs in this genus have indicated the passage from shrubs to herbs in an evolutionary line, although there is no obvious discontinuity of morphological characters in various taxa. From a phylogenetic point of view, the Sect. Idaeobatus Focke is the most primitive group, characterized by its shrub habit armed with sharp prickles, aciculae or setae, stipules attached to the petioles, flowers hermaphrodite and often in terminal or axillary inflorescences, very rarely solitary, druplets separated from receptacles. Whereas the herbaceous Sect. Chamaemorus L. is the most advanced group, which is usually unarmed, rarely with aciculae or setae, stipules free, flowers dieocious, solitary, druplets adhering to the receptacles and with high chromosome numbers (2n = 56). Basing upon the evolutionary tendency of morphological features, chromosome numbers of certain species recorded in literature and the distribution patterns of species, a new systematic arrangement of Chinese Rubus has been suggested by the present authors. Focke in his well-known monograph divided the species of Rubus into 12 subgenera, while in the Flora of China 8 sections of Focke were adapted, but some important revisions have been made in some taxa and Sect. Dalibarda Focke has been reduced to Sect. Cylactis Focke. In addition, the arrangement of sections is presented in a reverse order to those of Focke’s system. The species of Rubus in China are classified into 8 sections with 24 subsections (tab. 3) as follows: 1. Sect. Idaeobatus, emend. Yü et Lu(11 subsect. 83 sp.); 2. Sect. Lampobatus Focke (1 sp.); 3. Sect. Rubus (1 sp.); 4. Sect. Malachobatus Focke, emend. Yü et Lu (13 subsect. 85 sp.); 5. Sect. Dalibardastrus (Focke)Yü et Lu (10 sp.); 6. Sect. Chaemaebatus Focke (5 sp.); 7. Sect. Cylactis Focke, emend. Yü et Lu (8 sp.); 8. Sect. Chamaemorus Focke (1 sp.). In respect to the geographical distribution the genus Rubus occurs throughout the world as shown in tab. 2, particularly abundant in the Northern Hemisphere, while the greatest concentration of species appears in North America and E. Asia. Of the more than 750 species in the world, 470 or more species (64%) distributed in North America. It is clearly showm that the center of distribution lies in North America at present time. There are about 200 species recorded in E. Asia, of which the species in China (194) amount to 97% of the total number. By analysis of the distribution of species in China the great majority of them inhabit the southern parts of the Yangtze River where exist the greatest number of species and endemics, especially in southwestern parts of China, namely Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou (tab. 3. 4.). It is interesting to note that the centre of distribution of Rubus in China ranges From northwestern Yunnan to south-western Sichuan (tab. 5), where the genus also reaches its highest morphological diversity. In this region the characteristics of floristic elements of Rubus can be summarized as follows: it is very rich in composition, contaning 6 sections and 94 species, about 66% of the total number of Chinese species; there are also various complex groups, including primitive, intermediate and advanced taxa of phylogenetic importance; the proportion of endemic plants is rather high, reaching 61 species, up to 44% of the total endemics in China. It is noteworthy to note that the most primitive Subsect. Thyrsidaei (Focke) Yü et Lu, consisting of 9 endemic species, distributed in southern slopes of the Mts. Qin Ling and Taihang Shan (Fig. 4). From the above facts we may concluded that the south-western part of China is now not only the center of distribution and differentiation of Rubus in China, but it may also be the center of origin ofthis genus.     

油茶栽培历史与长江流域油茶遗传资源

普通油茶(Camellia oleifera)是我国第一大木本油料作物。普通油茶作为油料作物的栽培历史, 现存确切记载不到1,000年, 长江流域可能是最早栽培油茶的地区之一。普通油茶的野生近缘种是油茶育种宝贵的遗传资源。普通油茶属于山茶科山茶属(Camellia)油茶组(Sect. Oleifera), 其野生近缘种应包括山茶属油茶组和短柱茶组(Sect. Paracamellia)的物种, 但油茶组和短柱茶组的划分仍有争议, 物种间的系统发育关系仍不清楚。油茶组和短柱茶组是山茶属中多倍体出现频率最高的类群, 而且存在突出的种内多倍性现象, 人工选择和种间杂交可能在其中起到促进作用。长江流域是普通油茶的主产区, 也是最主要的野生普通油茶分布区, 拥有丰富的野生普通油茶遗传资源。本研究统计了山茶属油茶组和短柱茶组物种的分布地, 并与野生普通油茶的潜在分布区进行了比较。分析结果显示, 长江流域与珠江流域的分水岭——南岭、苗岭及附近地区是油茶组和短柱茶组物种多样性最高的地区, 同时也是野生普通油茶潜在的高适生区, 可能是普通油茶及其野生近缘种潜在的种间杂交带。物种多样性从南向北呈下降趋势, 可能反映了从南向北的扩散方向。普通油茶及其野生近缘种间的潜在杂交带可能蕴含着丰富的遗传多样性, 为选择育种提供了天然的育种场, 应对这些地区优先开展研究和保护, 挖掘与利用有重要经济价值的遗传资源。     

中国-喜玛拉雅特有属——蓝钟花属的分类修订

Cyananthus Wallich ex Bentham, the only genus of Campanulaceae with superior ovary, is revised to clarify infrageneric relationships and phylogeny of the genus. Evidence obtained from the comparative gross morphology, anatomy, palynology, and karyomorpho-logy recommends a new infrageneric classification of the genus, recognizing 23 species, belonging to two subgenera, four sections and four subsections. One subgenus(Subgen. Mi-cranthus), one section(Sect. Suffruticulosi) and two subsections(Subsect. Flavi and Sub-sect. Lichiangenses)are described as new taxa. New combinations at sectional (Sect. Annui) and subsectional(Subsect. Stenolobi) ranks are also proposed. The genus Cyananthus is strictly distributed in the high mountains of China(Xizang, Yunnan and Sichuan), extending to Bhutan, Nepal and India (Kumaon-Garhwal, Assam and Sikkim), with altitudinal ranges from 2500 ~ 5300 m. It is observed that 13 species are endemic to SW China and only three species are endemic to the Himalayas( two species in Ne