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1.
吉林省产5种百合的核型研究 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
报道了吉林省产５种百合科植物的染色体数目和核型：①毛百合Ｌｉｌｉｕｍ ｄａｕｒｉｃｕｍ Ｋｅｒ．－Ｇｅｗ１．２ｎ＝２４＝２ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋２ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋８ｓｔ（２ＳＡＴ）＋１２ｔ（２ＳＡＴ）;②有斑百合Ｌ．ｃｏｎｃｏｌｏｒ Ｓａｌｉｓｂ．ｖａｒ．ｂｕｓｃｈｉａｎｕｍ（Ｌｏｄｄ．）Ｂａｋｅｒ ２ｎ＝２４＝２ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋４ｓｍ（４ＳＡＴ）＋６ｓｔ（２ＳＡＴ）＋１２ｔ;③兰州百合Ｌ．ｄａｖｉｄ 相似文献
2.
本文报道了国产６种柴胡的核型,发现在肇东五里木存在一种与日本产三岛柴胡Ｂ．ｆａｌｃａｔｕｍ具有相同核型特征的柴胡,暂称其五里木居群。柞柴胡Ｂ．ｋｏｍａｒｏｖｉａｎｕｍＬｉｎｃｚ．２ｎ＝８＝２ｍ＋６ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）．红柴胡Ｂｓｃｏｒｚｏｎｅｒｉｆｏｌｉｕ,Ｗｉｌｌｄ．２ｎ＝１２＝１０ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋２ｓｍ．北柴胡ＢｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｅＤＣ．２ｎ＝２４＝１４ｍ＋１０ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）．锥叶柴胡Ｂ．ｂｉｃａｕｌｅＨｅｌｍ２ｎ＝３２＝２０ｍ＋１２ｓｍ．大叶柴胡Ｂ．ｌｏｎｇｉｒａｄｉａｔｕｍＴｕｒｃｚ．２ｎ＝１２＝１０ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋２ｓｍ五里木居群２ｎ＝２６＝１６ｍ＋１０ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）文章最后根据核型特征分析了东北地区各种柴胡间的演化关系． 相似文献
3.
Nine forms of Camellia sinensis (L) Kuntze from Guizhou, Yunnan,Sichuan and Fujian Provinces were cytotaxonomically studied in this work. Thewall degradation hypotonic method was used for preparing chromosome sampleswhich were stained in Giemsa. The micrographs of their somatic metaphaseare shown in Plates 1-2, the ranges of chromosome relative lengths, arm ratios,karyotype formulae and classification of karyotypes according to Li andChen (1985) are shown in Table 1 and the idiograms in Fig. l. The main pointsare mentioned as follows: (1) All these forms are found to be diploid with 2n = 30, and they are reportedfor the first time except Yunnan(Fengqing)cultivated form. (2) All the karyotypes of the forms examined are relatively uniform, which reveal the gradual decrease in size from the longest to the shortest chromosomes,similar chromosomal relative length, smaller chromosome types varying between2- 5μm. The karyotype mainly consists of metacentric (m) and submetacentric (sm) chromosomes. Sat-chromosomes are difficult to be discoveredon mid -metaphase chromosomes. The cytological information confirms the closerelationship among these tea forms. (3) According to the asymmetry of karyotype, the nine tea forms are dividedinto two types: one consists of the arbor with macrophyll, i.e. Guizhou andYunnan( Fengqing and Tengchong)cultivated forms, which have the”2A”karyotype possessing metacentric(m) and submetacentric(sm) chromosomes. Thekaryotypes might be of the most symmetrical or primitive type ;the other consists ofthe bush or microarbor with mostly medium- and microphyll, less frequentlymacrophyll, i.e. Qianmei 419, Qianmei 502, Yaan,Fuding, Sichuan and Qianmei101 cultivated forms, which have the “2A” and “2B” karyotypes, consisting ofmetacentric (m), submetacentric (sm) and a pair of subtelocentric (st)chromosomes, and more asymmetrical than that of the first karyotype. Theymight be more advanced. (4) In recent years, two subspecies, i.e. ssp. “yunnan”and ssp. “bohea”,including seven varieties, in C. sinensis were recognized but not formally publishedby Zhuang et al. (1981). From the present work and the previous reports the authors agree with Zhuang’s classification, because recognition of two subspecies is remarkably consistent with the two kinds of karyotypes reported here. C.sinensis ssp.“yunnan” with arbor and macrophyll characters has more symmetrical karyotypethan that of C. sinensis ssp. “bohea” with bush or microarbor and mostly mediumand microphyll characters. That is to say, ssp.”yunnan” is more primitive thanssp. “bohea”. (5) Based on the karyotype analysis of arbor and macrophyll teas reportedbefore and here (see Table 3), the authors support the viewpoint that YunnanGui zhou Plateau is the original center of tea Plants, whereas Assam form in In-dia is derived. 相似文献
4.
Ten species of six genera of Liliaceae were cytotaxonomically investigated in thiswork. Chromosomes of Paris polyphylla var. latifolia Wang et Tang, Smilacina henryi (Baker)Wang et Tang, Allium ovalifolia Hand.-Mazz. and a tetraploid race of Paris verticillata M.Bieb. are reported for the first time. The results are shown as follows. 1. Paris P. verticillata M.-Bieb. is found to be a tetraploid, with karyotype formula2n=20=12m+4st+4t (Plate 1, A, see Fig. 1, A for its idiogram), which belongs to Stebbins'(1971) karyotype classification 2B. P. polyphylla var. latifolia Wang et Tang is a diploid withkaryotype formula 2n=10+1B=6m+4t+1B (Plate 2, A, see Fig. 1, B for its idiogram), whichbelongs to 2A. P. polyphylla var. polyphylla is also a diploid with karyotype formula 2n=10=6m+4t (Plate 2, C, see Fig. 1, C for its idiogram), which belongs to 2A. Their chromosomeparameters are given in Table 1. The difference in karyotype between the two varieties of P.polyphylla is only presence or absence of a B-chromosome, whereas the karyotypes of the twospecies mentioned above are distinctly different, not only in chromosome number, but also inmorphology. Based on the present work and those of Hara (1969) and Gu (1986), it is ratherclear that there are two kinds of basic karyotypes in Paris, i. e. x=3m+1st+1t (st with armratio 3.5-4.0) and x=3m+2t. These two basic karyotypes are closely correlated with geographical distribution and external morphology. The taxa with the former karyotype are distributed in north temperate zone, expect P. bashanensis which occurs in the subtropics, but those withthe latter are distributed in the tropics and subtropics (Fig. 2). And according to Hara's(1969) system, the taxa with x=3m+1st+1t belong to the sections Paris and Kinugawa (withonly one species, P. japonica) and those with 2n=3m+2t belong to the section Euthyra, butin Li's (1984) system, the former belongs to the sections Paris and Kinugasa of the subgenusParis, and the latter belongs to the 5 sections of the subgenus Daiswa and the section Axiparisof the subgenus Paris. 2. Cardiocrinum Chromosome number of C. giganteum, from the Mt Taibai, the QinlingRange, is 2n=24 (Plate 2, E, see Fig. 3, A for its karyogram). Kurosawa's (1960) report isdifferent from ours in the sixth and the ninth chromosome pairs with secondary constrictions situated in the long arms. Chauhan (1984) found that the karyotype (2n=24) of a population fromMawphlong Forest (1000 m alt.) in the Eastern Himalayas, Assam, has the eighth chromosomepair with secondary constrictions in the long arms. Tang et al. (1984) gave a report on thekaryotype of a population from the Mt Omei, which is different from the others in having notonly much longer short arms of the eleventh pair but also secondary constrictions in the shortarms of the first pair and in the long arms of the ninth pair. From the information so far available, 2 out of 3 species of the genus are karyologically relatively uniform, with two pairs ofsubmedian chromosomes and ten pairs of subterminal ones. 3. Smilacina Chromosome number of S. japonica A. Gray is 2n=36 (Plate 1, D).Its karyotype is shown in Fig. 3, G. S. henryi (Baker) Wang et Tang is also found to have 2n=36 (Plate 2, B). Its karyotype is shown in Fig. 3, B. Both karyotypes are bimodal, witheight large and ten small pairs and the length ratio of the eighth pair and the ninth one being1.81 in the former, but with the nine large pairs and the length ratio of the ninth pair andthe tenth one being 1.42 in the latter. The karyotype of S. japonica is more asymmetrical thanthe one of S. henryi. Based on the reports by Mehra and Pathania (1960), Hara and Kurosawa (1963), Chuang et al. (1963) and the present paper, all the species studied in the genusare of a bimodal karyotype. No any taxon with 2n=18 has so far been discovered, and therefor x=9 for the genus as considered by Darligton et Wylie (1955) is doubtful. 4. Allium A. victorialis from the Mt Dahaituo, Chicheng, Hebei, is found to have2n=32=22m+6sm+4st (Plate 1, E; Fig. 4, D) and A. ovalifolia Hand-Mazz. from the Mt Taibai, Qinling, 2n=16=12m+2sm+2st (Plate 1, B; Fig. 4, C). 2n=16 has been reported by Mehraand Sachdeva (1976) for A. victorialis, and thus two ploid levels exist in the species. If the lastpair of chromosomes is considered as the one with intercalary satellites, its karyotype is structurally similar to that of the tetraploid race of A. victorialis. 5. Asparagus A. schoberioides from the Mt Dahaituo, Chicheng, Heibei, is foundto have 2n=20 (Plate 1, C, see Fig. 4, B for its karyotype) with size range 1.8-4.0 μm, and A.trichophyllus Bunge from the same locality also 2n=20 (Plate 1, F, see Fig. 4, A for its karyotype), with size range 1.9-3.8 μm. 6. Convallaria The karyotype of C. majalis is 2n=38=24m+12sm+2st (Plate 2, D, seeFig 3, D for its karyotype). The material is from the Mt Taibai, Qinling.Decontaminated thianthrene disproportion. Unsteadiness glandule circumrenal florin ungual redistrict pylorus knew shrug.Sarcolite hypoacusia phasograph albuminoid weanling. Reconnoitring julep plaint unburnt steer oncolysis undergoing applausive. 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5.
The genus Malus Mill. of the Maloideae of the Rosaceae consists ofabout 35 recognized species, which are distributed in temperate region of theNorthen Hemisphere including Asia, Europe and North America. Redher'sclassification divided the genus Malus into 6 series, 5 sections, of which 5 series,3 section, including 27 species, occur in China. The chromosomal counts on 22Chinese species were reported previously (Chen et al., 1986; Liang, 1987).However, no comprehensive karyotype analyses have been made for most speciesreported. Analyzed in this paper are karyotypes of 36 forms, 22 species, andsynapsis configuration of 6 polyploid forms in Chinese Malus to explore therelationships among species and provide cytological evidence for delimitation ofspecies in Malus. Chromosome classification follows Li and Chen (1985). Thematerials used are listed in Table 1 and the vouchers are deposited in our department. The cytological results are shown as follows (see the data in Table 1,Plates 1-- 8 and Fig. 1). 1 Sect. Malus (1) Ser. 1 Baccata The series consists of nine species endemic to China, 7 ofwhich were cytologically observed: i.e. Malus baccata Borkh. 2n=34; Sooo1-3of M. baccata Borkh. 2n= 34; M . mandshurica Kom. 2n= 34; M. rockii Rehd.2n=34; Sooo 3-2 of M. rockii Rehd. 2n=51; M. sikkimensis Koehne.2n=34; M. hupehensis Rehd. 2n=51; Sooo4-4 of M. hupehensis Rehd.2n=51; M. halliana Koehne. 2n=34 and M. xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang2n=68. The karyotypes consist of sm (8- 9 homologous chromosomes) andm (6- 7 homologous chromosomes) as well as st (1-2 homologouschromosomes). The chromosomes range in relative length from 9.84 to 3.74,with the ratio of the longest to the shortest from 2.28 to 2.03 and the mean ratioarms from 2.08 to 1.86. All the karyotypes belong to Stebbins's 3B except 2B ofM. Xiaojinensis. Pollen mother cell (PMC) of M. hupehensis contains17I+17II, and the average synapsis configuration per cell is 2n=3x=51=17.70I+ 15. 87II+ 0.52III, while PMC meiosis of M. xiaojinensis shows the synapsisconfigufations of 2n=4x= 68=4II+ 15IV. The latter has a remarkable and constant deleted chromosome, which is also the smallest in the karyotype. (2) Ser. 2 Pumilae. The series consists of six species endemic to China (Yu,1979), all of which were cytologically examined, with the results: Sooo 9-8 ofM. pumila Mill. 2n=34; Sooo 9-12 of M. pumila Mill. 2n=34; Sooo 9-7of M. sp. 2n=34; M. asiatica Nakai. 2n=68; M. prunifolia Borkh.2n=34; Soo 12-2 of M. prunifolia Borkh. 2n=34; M. spectabilis Borkh.2n=51; M. micromalus Makino. 2n=34 and M. sieversii Roem. 2n=34. Thekaryotypes consist of sm(8-9 homologous chromosomes) and m (6- 7homologous chromosomes) as well as st (1-2 homologous chromosomes). Thechromosomes range in relative length from 10.77 to 3.42, with the ratios of thelongest to the shortest from 2.95 to 2.04, and the mean arm ratios from 2.10to 1.93. Therefore, all the karyotypes belong to 3B. Among more than 20 different forms of M. sieversii, there is only one ploidy level (2n=2x=34). PMCmeiosis of M. spectabilis shows the synapsis configurations 2n=3x=51 =5I +5II+ 12III. 2 Sect. II Sorbomalus (3) Ser. 3 Sieboldianae. This series has only one species endemic to China,M. sieboldii Rehd.: One triploid from Zunyi, Guizhou Province has2n=3x=51=24m+24sm+3st. The chromosomes range in relative length8.74-- 4.17, with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.08, and the mean armratio 1.80. The karyotype, therfore, belongs to 2B. PMC meiosis of this formshows the synapsis conriguration 2n = 3x = 51 = 6I+ 9II+ 9III. (4) Ser. 4 Kansuensis consisting of four species endemic to China, 2 ofwhich were cytologically studied, with the results: M. toringoides Hughes.2n=34, 51, 68 and M. transitoria Schneid. 2n=34, 51. The karyotypes consistof m (7—9 homologous chromosomes) and sm (7—9 homologouschromosomes) as well as a few st chromosomes. The chromosomes range inrelative length from 9.44 to 4.01, with the ratios of the longest to the shortestfrom 2.26 to 1.83, and the mean arm ratios from 1.87 to 1.72. In M. toringoidesfour forms, 2x, 3x, 4x from Aba, and 3x from Barkang, in Sichuan Province,are of 2B karyotypes while 2x from Year zhu in Sichuan Province is of 2A. Amixploid with 3x, 4x in M. toringoides is found from Aba, with one smallest deleted chromosome at both levels much like that in M. xiaojinensis. PMCmeiosis of triploid M. toringoides from Barkang showed the synapsisconfigurations of 10I+ 10II+ 7III. In M. transitoria 2x, 3x forms from Barkang,Sichuan Province and Lüda, Liaoning Province belong to 2A, while 2x, 3xforms from Aba, Sichuan Province both belong to 2B. PMC meiosis of triploidform from Lüda showed 9I+ 9II+ 8III synapsis configurations. (5) Ser. 5 Yunnanensis This series consists of four species endemic to China,3 of which were cytologically studied with the results: M. ombrophilaHand-Mazz. 2n=34; M. honanensis Rehd. 2n=34, and M. yunnanensisSchneid. 2n= 34. The karyotypes consist of nine pairs of m, seven pairs of smand one pair of st chromosomes. The chromosomes range in relative length from8.43 to 4.37, with the ratios of the longest to the shortest from 1.88 to 1.86,and the mean arm ratios from 1.75 to 1.72. Therefore, the karyotypes belong to2A. Two pairs of heterozygous chromosomes, 1st and 10th, are found carrying asmall satellite. 3 Sect. III Docyniopsis. This section consists of three endemic species toChina, 2 of which were studied with the results: M. formosana Kawak etKoidz. 2n= 34 and M. melliana Rehd. 2n= 34. Both karyotypes consist of ninepairs of m, seven pairs of sm and one pair of st chromosomes. The chromosomesrange in relative length from 8.90 to 4.48, with the ratios of the longest to theshortest 1.85 and 1.83, and the mean arm ratios 1.67 and 1.66. Both karyotyoesbrlong to 2A. As mentioned above, the karyotyoes of all the species examined are relativelyuniform, i.e. chromosomes small; chromosomes gradually decreasing in size fromthe longest to the shortest; chromosomes mostly m and sm; and 1 —2 pairs of stchromosomes always present. The karyotypes vary in the ratio of the longeat tothe shortest, the ratio of arms and the number of different chromosome types andsatellites. From cytological investigations and previous reports (Chen et al.,1986; Liang, 1987), the cytology of the genus varies mainly in euploidy variationand chromosome structure. Intraspecific polyploids and polyploid species make up58. 1% in 24 species endemic to China reported. The karyotype analyse hasrevealed the presence of three major types in Malus: 2A, 2B and 3B. The deletion in some polyploid forms shows another structural variation. It is clear thatthe three types are generally consistent with the separation of three sections ofChinese Malus. According to Stebbins's (1971), the evolutionary trend ofkaryotypes is from 2A to 2B and then 3B. The karyotypic data are in accordancewith the evidence from morphology (Langenfeld, 1971; Huckins, 1972) andbiochemistry (Williams, 1982). They both show that the section Docyniopsis andseries Yunnanenses are the most preimitive, while the series Pumilae, Baccatae ofthe section Malus are the most advanced or derived. The most typical externalcharacters in Docyniopsis and the series Yunnanenses e.g. grit-cells in fruit, leavesfolded in bud, and the inflorescence according to Ponomarenko’s (1986) classification, might be very primitive. The 2A karyotypes in the genus correlated withmany typically premitive characters. From the data mentioned above, we maysuppose that the series Sieboldianae and Kansuenses in the section Sorbomalus areintermediate in evolution. In general, Southwest China is regarded as the probablearea of the origin of Malus, and the section Docyniopsis and the seriesYunnanenses as the relict primitive forms. This area is probably also the centerof differentiation. A good deal of attention has been paid by horticulturists. A comparison ofthe karyotypes in the series Pumilae shows that the diploid M. sieversii has 14 mchromosomes, while the other diploids M. pumila, M. sp. and an alienspecies M. sylvestris Mill. from Europe ( Liang, unpub.) have 12 mchromosomes. Thus M. sieversii may be relatively primitive, although the ratioof the longest to the shortest and the ratio of mean arm ratio are similar. Thepresent investigation confirms Ponomarenko’s view that the diploid M. sieversiimight be an ancestor of cultivated apple (M. pumila). The wild polyploids of Malus were usually considered as allopolyploid(Brown, 1976). Studies on the meiotic pairing of five triploids and one tetraploidhave revealed diverse types of polyploidy. M. hupehensis is a typical allotriploidspecies, M. spectabilis, M. sieboldii, M. toringoides and M. transitoria aresegmental allotriploids, and M. xiaojinensis is almost an autotetraploid. Apomixis in all known polyploid species of Malus is facultative. The principal adaptive advantage of facultative apomixis is to make sterile individualsrestore fertility, and also to maintain evolutionary potential. Therefore, it playsan important role in evolution of Malus, but taxonomy of apomictical groups remains highly controversial. Usually, the apomictical taxa are not treated asspecies level (Stace, 1980; Hong, 1990). In Rehder’s (1940) system, onlyM. hupehensis was recognized as species in apomictical taxa of Malus. We thinkthis treatment to be reasonable because M. hupehensis is an allotripoid and so farits diplois form has not been found. New species M. xiaojinensis describedby Cheng and Jiang (1985) is nearly an autotetraploid, and its karyotype constitution is extremely similar to the tetraploid form of M. toringoides from Aba ,Sichuan Province, especially the remarkable similarities of the smallest deletedchromosome, morphology and biochemistry (Li, 1990). We think, therefor, thatthe triploid form of M. toringoides from Aba, Sichuan with 3x, 4x mixploidymight be the maternal plant of M. xiaojinensis. For this reason, M. xiaojinensisshould be placed in apomictical polyploid complex of M. toringoides of the seriesKansuensis, and this is also in accordance with Rehder’s classfication.Decontaminated thianthrene disproportion. Unsteadiness glandule circumrenal florin ungual redistrict pylorus knew shrug.Sarcolite hypoacusia phasograph albuminoid weanling. Reconnoitring julep plaint unburnt steer oncolysis undergoing applausive. 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Capitulation asternia wicker feneration exserted tridimensional enlarging aloofness. 相似文献
6.
Sixteen species of Ferula L. (Umbelliferae) were examined for their leafflavonoids, and at least 9 glycosides of quercetin, kaempferol and apigenin are detected in 13species. While most of the constituents reported are common in the Umbelliferae, the unusual one, apigenin-6, 8-C-diglucoside, which was found in Ostericum Hoffm. in an earliersurvey has been detected in F. moschata (F. sumbul) The three species (F. sinkiangensis, F. fukangensis and F. krylovii) from which flavonoids have not been found, are all medicinalplants with strong garliky odor due to a high concentration of essential oils containing disulfides. The subgenus Peucedanoides is found to be rich in quercetin glycosides, and the aglyconpattern seems to have some relationship with habitat conditions in the genus: the species occurring in comparatively humid habitats are often large herbs and often characterized by the presence of quercetin, while those growing in dry habitats contain apigening kaepferol, as wellas quercetin. Nevertheless, any conclusion with certainty needs examining more species ofthe genus. It is interesting to note that F. moschata, from which the glycosylapigenin was found, andF. pseudooreoselinum, which probably has a trace amount of kaempferol glycoside, are peculiar in Ferula in their inflorescence morphology. The phytochemic results also raise a suspicion against their systematic position within the genus. F. bungeana, previously placed in the subgenus Peucedanoides, has relatively great similarities with F. syreitschkowii of the subgenus Narthex in their general morphology and fruitanatomy. In the present survey apigenin-7-glycoside is detected from both, and thus it seemsmore suitable to transfer the former species into the subgenus Narthex. The same compounds have been found in F. licentiana and F. tunshanica, which also share the characters of morphology and anatomy. The fact does support the view that the lattershould be included in F. licentiana as a variety. 相似文献
7.
报道了芦荟属14种2变种植物的核型,实验结果表明所研究种类的体细胞染色体基数均为X=7,二倍体,由4对长染色体和3对短染色体组成。根据Stebbins（1971）的核型分类标准,Aloeaffinis Berger等3种芦荟的核型为“3B”型,Aloe graciliflora Groenewald等3种芦荟的核型为“4B”型,A．mitriformis Mill等3种2变种芦荟的核型为“3C”型,A．saponaria（Air．）Haw等5种芦荟的核型为“4c”型。其中有6种1变种芦荟的核型为首次报道。另外,还对芦荟的系统分类进行了讨论。 相似文献
8.
Cláusio Antonio Ferreira de Melo Margarete Magalhães SouzaPriscilla Patrocínio Abreu Américo José Carvalho Viana 《Flora》2014
Thirteen wild species of Passiflora were analyzed using conventional and CMA/DA/DAPI staining to evaluate the karyotype diversity between and within the subgenus Decaloba and Passiflora. The karyotypic features indicate that both subgenera have a conserved chromosome number, as reported before for several species. Submetacentric (sm) chromosomes were found in species from both subgenera, suggesting that sm chromosomes are not restricted to a particular subgenus. The analysis of the karyotypic heterogeneity enabled to distribute the species in three groups, but with no support to phylogenetic and taxonomic levels. The application of fluorochromes allowed for the visualization of CMA+/DAPI− blocks, which in our studies always correlated with the occurrence of satellites, showing that occurrence of two chromosome pairs with satellites per cell is a characteristic shared by some species from both subgenera. This feature does not always have relationship with the basic chromosome number. The data found in this study will help to understand the phylogeny, cytotaxonomy, and evolution of the genus Passiflora showing that karyotypic variation can be seen between and within the subgenus Decaloba and Passiflora. 相似文献
9.
贵州产蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的细胞分类学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
报道了6种贵州产蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的染色体数目和核型,并与其相应近缘种对比,联系植物的外部形态特征,探讨核型结构与形态特征的相关性.发现1个种的染色体数目为2n =36,5个种的染色体数目为2n =38,核型公式分别为:平塘蜘蛛抱蛋(Aspidistra pingtangensis),2n =38 =20m +4sm(2sat) +14st;荔波蜘蛛抱蛋(A.liboensis),2n =38 =22m(2sat)+4sm+ 12st;赤水蜘蛛抱蛋(A.chishuiensis),2n =38 =22m(2sat)+8sm +8st;伞柱蜘蛛抱蛋(A.fungilliformis),2n =36=18m (2sat) +4sm+ 14st;四川蜘蛛抱蛋(A.sichuanensis),2n =38 =22m (2sat) +4sm +12st;丛生蜘蛛抱蛋(A caespitosa),2n =38 =20m +6sm(2sat) +12st.核型类型都为2C型.其中平塘蜘蛛抱蛋、荔波蜘蛛抱蛋和赤水蜘蛛抱蛋的染色体数目和核型均为首次报道.研究结果表明,该属植物的核型结构与外部形态特征具有一定的相关性,细胞分类学研究可以为该属植物起源进化研究以及自然分类鉴定提供一定的依据. 相似文献
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11.
This paper reports chromosome numbers and karyotypes of five species of the genus Fritillaria from south Anhui. The origin of the material used in this work is provided inTable 1, micrographs of mitotic metaphase in Plate 1,2, and the parameters of chromosomesin Table 2. Except F. thunbergii Miq., the karyotypes and chromosome numbers of all thespecies in this paper were studied for the first time. The results are shown as follows: 1. Fritillaria qimenensis D. C. Zhang et J. Z. Shao Collected from Qimen, Anhui, it has the karyotype formula 2n = 24+4Bs = 3m+lsm+8st(2sc)+12t (2sc)+4Bs (Plate 1:1, 2). The chromosomes range in length 8.72-19.13μm, with theratio of the longest to the shortest 2.19. Therefore, the karyotype belongs to Stebbins’(1971) 3B. The secondary constrictions are found on the long arms of 7th and 10th pairs. Allthe five B-chromosomes are of terminal centromeres. The two chromosomes of the secondpair show heteromorphy (Fig. 1, E) with arm ratios 1.86 and 1.56 respectively. 2. Fritillaria monantha Miq. var. tonglingensis S. C. Chen et S. F. Yin Collected from Tongling, Anhui, this species is shown to have three chromosome numbers, 2n =24+5Bs, 2n=24+2Bs and 2n=24. This paper reports 2 cytotypes: Type I:2n = 24+5Bs = 4m+8st (2sc) +12t (2sc) +5Bs (Plate 1: 3, 4). The chromosomes range in lengthfrom 10.40 to 22.19μm, with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.13. It belongs to 3B ofstebbins’(1971) karyotypic symmetry. The secondary constrictions are found on the shortarms of 7th and the long arms of 9th chromosome pairs. The metacentric B-chromosomesand the small satellites located on the short arms are major characters of this cytotype. TypeII: 2n=24=2m+2sm+8st(2sc)+12t(2sc) (Plate 1:5, 6). The chromosomes range in lengthfrom 13.84 to 29.81μm, with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.15. The karyotype belongs to Stebbins’3B. The secondary constrictions are found on the long arms of 5th and10th pairs. No B-chromosomes are found. 3. Fritillaria xiaobeimu Y. K. Yang, J. Z. Shao et M. M. Fang Collected from Ningguo, Anhui, it has karyotype formula 2n = 24 = 2m+2sm+10st (4sc)+ 10t (Plate 2:7, 8). The chromosomes range in length from 13.86 to 26.27μm, with the ratioof the longest to the shortest 1.89. The karyotype belongs to stebbins’3A. The secondaryconstrictions are found on the long arms of 7th and 9th pairs. 4. Fritillaria ningguoensis S. C. Chen et S. F. Yin Collected from Ningguo, Anhui, it is of karyotype formula 2n = 24 = 2m+2sm+8st (2sc)+12t (Plate 2: 9, 10). The chromosomes range in length from 9.11 to 23.23μm, with the ratioof the longest to the shortest 2.55. The karyotype belongs to Stebbins’3B. The secondaryconstrictions are only found on the long arms of the 10 th pair. 5. Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. Collected from Ningguo, Anhui, it is of karyotype formula 2n = 24 = 2m+2sm+8st(2sc)+12t(2sc)(Plate 2:11, 12). The chromosomes range in length from 8.83 to 19.85μm, with theratio of the longest to the shortest 2.25. The karyotype belongs to stebbins’3B. There aresecondary constrictions on the long arms of 5th and 7th pairs. The karyotype of the Ningguomaterial is similar to that of the Huoqiu (Anhui) material reported by Xu Jin-lin et al.(1987), but it is obviously different from 2n=2m(sc)+2sm+4st(2sc)+16t (2sc) reported byZhai et al. (1985) for the material from Xingjiang, Northwest China. 相似文献
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13.
The chromosome numbers and karyotypes of 7 species of Smilax L. in Liliaceae (s. 1.) are cytotaxonomically studied in this work. Their karyotypic characters, distinction between the species and the chromosomal basis of sexual differentiation are discussed. The karyotypes of most species are first reported. The results are shown as follows (see Tables1-4 for the chromosome parameters and the karyotype constitution; Fig. 1 for their idiograms): 1. Smilax nipponica Miq. The species is one of the herbaceous species distributed in East Asia. Two karyotypes, 2n = 26(type A) and 2n = 32 (type B), are found in the species (Plate 1: 1-7). The karyotype of No. 88032 (uncertain of -L--M--S- sexuality) is 2n = 26 = 2m + 6st + 6m + 4sm + 6sm + 2st. The karyotype has 4 pairs of L chromosomes, of which the first three pairs are subterminal, and the 4this median. The karyotype belongs to 3B. No. 88045 (the male) and No. 88046(the female) have 2n = 32. Their karyotypes are basically uniform, and both are -L--M-- S2n=32= 2m+4sm+ 2st+ 2m+4sm+ 6m+ 10sm + 2st, also with 4 pairs of Lchromosomes, but the 2nd pair is median, and thus different from the type A. Thekaryotype belongs to 3B. The first pair of chromosomes of the male are distinctlyunequal in length, with the D. V. (0.93) of relative length between them obviouslygreater than that of the female (0.1). The pair seems to be of sex-chromosomes.Sixteen bivalents (n= 16) were observed at PMCs MI of No. 88045 (Plate 1: 4).The major difference between the karyotypes A and B are greater relative lengthof L chromosomes in the type A than in the type B, and the increase of chromosome number in the karyotype B mainly due to the increase of st chromosomes. Nakajima (1937)reports 2n= 30 for S. hederacea var. nipponica (=S. nipponica,Wang and Tang, 1980). 2. S. riparia A. DC. This species is also herbaceous, distributed in East Asia. Thirty chromosomes were found in root-tip cells (uncertain of sexuality). The kar -L--M--S-yotype is 2n = 30 = 8st + 6sm + 2st + 6m + 6sm + 2st (Plate 3: 1, 5), consistingmainly of sm and st chromosomes. There are 4 pairs of L chromosomes which areall subterminal and the m chromosomes appear to fall all into S category. Thoughthe karyotype belongs to 3B, it is less symmetrical than that of S. nipponica. Thespecies is karyologically rather different from S. nipponica, therefore. The first pairof chromosomes of this material are unequal in length, and it may be a male. Thekaryotype of this species is first reported. 3. S. sieboldii Miq. The species is a thorny climbing shrub, distributed inEast Asia. At PMCs All, 16 chromosomes (n= 16) were found (Plate 2: 6), inaccordance with Nakajima's (1933) report for a Japanese material. 4. S. china L. This species, a thorny climbing shrub, is of a wide distribution range mainly in East Asia and Southeast Asia. Two karyotypes were observedin different populations. (1) The population from Xikou has 2n = 96(6x) = 20st+L- -M- 6t + 6sm + 12st + 52(S) (Plate 3:7), of which the first three pairs of chromosomes are terminal, different from those in the other species. The arm ratios ofboth L and M chromosomes are larger than 2.0, which resembles those of S. davidiana. (2) PMCs MI of the population from Shangyu shew 15 chromosomes (n15). The hexaploid of the species is recorded for the first time. Hsu (1967,1971)reported 2n = 30 from Taiwai and Nakajima (1937) recorded n = 30 from Japan,which indicates that the karyotype of the species varies not only in ploidy, butalso in number. 5. S. davidiana A. DC. The somatic cells were found to have 32 chromosomes, and PMCs MI shew 16 bivalents (Plate 2: 1-5). The karyotype is 2n = 32=-L- -M- -S 8st + 4sm + 4st + 8sm + 8st. The karyotype belongs to 3B, and is less symmetrical than those in herbaceous species. The D. V. (0.20) of relative length betweenthe two homologues of the first pair is slightly larger in the male than in the female (0.14), and it is thus difficult to determine whether they are sexual chromosomes or not. 6. S. glabra Roxb. The species is a non-thorny climbing shrub, distributedin East Asia and Southeast Asia. 32 chromosomes were found in somatic cells. The -L- -M- - Skaryotype is 2n= 32= 8st + 10st+6sm+8st (Plate 3: 2, 6),with only 3 pairsof sm chromosomes (12, 13 and 16th). The karyotype is more asymmetric thanthat of S. davidiana, although it is also of 3B (Table 1). The karyotype is firstreported for the species. 7. S. nervo-marginata Hay. var. liukiuensis (Hay.) Wang et Tang The varietyhas a relatively narrow distribution range, mainly occurring in eastern China. Thechromosomal number of somatic cells is 2n= 32 (Plate 3: 3-4). The karyotype is -L- -M- -S2n = 32 = 2sm + 6st + 2sm + 2st + 2m + 6sm + 12st, evidently different from thatof S. glabra. The first pair of chromosomes are submedian, and much longer thanthe 2nd to 4th pairs. The ratio in length of the largest chromosome to the smallestone is 4.3. The symmetric degree is of 3C, a unique type. The karyotype of thespecies is reported for the first time. In Smilax, the known basic numbers are 13, 15, 16 and 17. The two herbaceous speciesdistributed in East Asia have three basic numbers: 13, 15 and 16, while the woody species studied mainly have 16, with no 13 recorded. Mangaly (1968) studied 8 herbaceous species in NorthAmerica and reported 2n=26 for them except S. pseudo-china with 2n=30. Mangaly considered that a probably ancestral home of Smilax, both the herbaceous and woody, is in SoutheastAsia and the eastern Himalayas, and speculated that the ancestral type of Sect. Coprosmanthus is possibly an Asian species, S. riparia. The karyotypes of the two herbaceous species inEast Asia consist mostly of sm and m chromosomes, whereas those for the North Americanspecies are all of st chromosomes. Based on the general rule of karyotypic evolution, i.e. fromsymmetry to asymmetry, his speculation seems reasonable. Researches on sex-chromosomes of Smilax have been carried out since 1930 (Lindsay, 1930;Jensen, 1937; Nakajima, 1937; Mangaly, 1968), and they are generally considered to be thelargest pair, but there is still no adequate evidence. The result of our observation on S. nipponicamay confirm that the first pair of chromosomes of this species is XY type of sex-chromosomes. Chromosomes of the genus are small and medium-sized, varying between 1-6 μm, slightlylarger in herbaceous species than in woody ones, larger in the karyotype of 2n=26 than inthat of 2n=32. Based on karyotype constitution of the above 5 species, the karyotype in thegenus is characterized by 4 pairs of L chromosomes and 2-5 pairs of M chromosomes, andmostly st and sm chromosomes, and by rather asymmetrical 3B type. The degree of symmetryin the above 5 species is from Sect. Coprosmanthus to Sect. Coilanthus, and herbaceous species towoody ones. 相似文献
14.
Eight species in eight genera of Liliaceae from Zhejiang were cytotaxonomically studied in this work. The karyotypes of Chinese materials of these speciesare mostly reported for the first time. The results are shown as follows (see Table2-4 for chromosome parameters of them): 1. Disporum sessile D. Don Sixteen chromosomes are counted at metaphase of roottip cells.The Karyotype formula is 2n=16=2lm+2sm+4st+2sm+3sm+ 1sm(SAT)+2st(Plate 1: 2-3, see Fig. 1:1 for its idiogram). The Karyotype belongs to 3B inStebbins’ (1971) karyotype classification, and consists of four pairs of larger chromosomes (1-4) and four pairs of smaller chromosomes (5-8). One SAT-chromosome is situated at the sixth pair. The chromosomes range between 4.85-16.63μm.The karyotypic constitution is similar to that of Japanese material reported byNoguchi (1974). Chang and Hsu (1974) reported 2n=14=13st+1sm and 2n=16=2m + 13st + 1sm for the material from Taiwan under the name of D. shimadaiHay. (=D. sessile D. Don). Compared with our result of D. sessile, the differencesare obvious. 2. Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce PMCs diakinesis shows eleven bivalents, n = 11, 5 large and 6 small (Plate 2:5). The meiosis is normal. The majority of reports of this species are 2n=20, with a few 2n=22 and 30 (see Table 1). The materials from southen Siberia and the Far East in USSR are all of 2n=20. Our result is the same as recorded by Jinno (1966) in the Japanese materialand by Li (1980) from Beijing. Ge (1987) reported 2n=20 in the cultivated individuals of Shandong, China, showing that both 2n=20 and 22 exist inChina. 3. Scilla scilloides (Lindl.) Druce This species has the somatic chromosomenumber 2n=18 (Plate 1: 4-6, see Fig. 1:2 for its idiogram), of which twogroups of chromosomes can be recognized, i.e. the 1 st -5 th pairs of large andthe 6 th-9th pairs of small chromosomes. A distinct character of the karyotype is thattwo satellites are attached to the short arms of the 1st pair of chromosomes. The degreeof asymmetry is of 3C. The karyotype formula is 2n = 18 = 2sm (SAT) + 6st + 2t+6m + 2sm. The chromosomes range from 2.02 to 11.93 μm. The Previous counts onthe species are 2n = 16, 18, 26, 34, 35, 36 and 43 (see Table 1). The present investigation confirms Noda’s and Haga’s results. The species is considered to be oftwo genomes, namely A(x = 8) and B(x = 9). Our result shows a genome composition of BB, having a pair of large SAT-chromosomes. Chang and Hsu (1974)reported 2n = 34 from a population of Taiwan, an amphidiploid (AABB), Karyotypesof other Chinese populations are worth further researches. 4. Tricyrtis macropoda Miq. The chromosome number of somatic cells is2n= 26, and PMCs MII shows 13 bivalents (n= 13) (Plate 3:1-3, see Fig. 1:3for its idiogram). The karyotype formula is 2n= 26= 6m + 10sm + 6st + 4st (ort), which is composed of chromosomes: 4L + 22S in size. The degree of asymmetryis of 3B. No centromeres of the 12th and 13th pairs of chromosomes were observedat metaphase, and the chromosomes may be of st or t. Nakamura (1968) reported2n= 26(4L+ 22S)= 2sm+ 2sm-st+ 14st-sm+ 8st for T. macropoda Miq.and 2n= 26(4L+ 22S)= 8m+ 2sm+2sm-st+ 2st-sm+ 12st for its ssp.affinis, both from Japan. It is clear that the major character of their karyotypes,i. e. 4L + 22S, is consistent with that reported here. Based on the previous andpresent reports, all Tricyrtis species studied are remarkably uniform in the basickaryotype, i. e. 4L + 22S. 5. Allium macrostemon Bunge. The present observation on the root-tip cellsof the species shows 2n = 32 (Plate 3: 4-5, see Fig. 1:4 for its idiogram). Thekaryotype formula is 2n (4x)= 32= 26m + 6sm, which belongs to 2B, being ofhigh symmetry. Except the 6th, 10th and 13th pairs of chromosomes all theare metacentric. Chromosomes of this species are large, ranging from 5.94 to 18.06μm. Our result agrees with Kawano’s (1975) report under the name of A. grayiRegel ( = A. macrostemon, Wang and Tang 1980). 6. Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. Ten bivalents were observed inPMCs MI, n=10 (Plate 1: 1). The present result confirms the number of a population of Taiwan recorded by Hsu (1971). 7. Ophiopogon japonicus (L. f.) Ker-Gawl. The species from Mt. Taogui,Hangzhou, is found to have 2n (2x)=36=22m + 14sm (Plate 2: 1,5, see Fig.1:5 for its idiogram) which belongs to 2B. The karyotype is composed of 2medium-sized chromosomes with metacentric centromeres and 34 small chromosomes,ranging from 1.34 to 4.92 μm. The populations from Mt. Tianzhu and Mt. Yuling,Zhejiang, are found to be aneuploids at tetraploid level (2n=64-70). It is interesting that Nagamatsu (1971) found the karyotypes of Japanese materials to be 2n=67 and 68, also showing unsteady 4x karyotypes of this species. In the previous.reports (see Table 1), the chromosome numbers of this species are mainly 2n = 72,besides 2n = 36 recorded by Sato (1942) from Japan. 8. Liriope platyphylla Wang et Tang The somatic complement of the speciescollected from Mt. Tianzhu, Hangzhou, is 2n = 36 (Plate 2: 3-4, see Fig. 1:6for its idiogram). The karyotype is 2n(2x) = 36 = 16m + 20sm, belonging to 2Btype. The chromosomes are small except the medium-sized, 1st pair and therange is from 1.27 to 5.19μm. The material from Mt. Yuling, Zhejiang, is foundto have a variety of chromosome numbers (2n= 60-71), as observed in Ophiopogonjaponicus. Hasegawa (1968) reported the karyotype of 2n = 72 (4x) from JapanThe 2x karyotype is first recorded. This genus is closely related to Ophiopogon. Based on the Hasegawa’s and present studies, all the species in these two genera are remarkably uniform in karyo-type. Therefore, the taxonomy of the two genera is worth further researches. 相似文献
15.
《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(9):2300-2303
A new caffeic acid cinnamyl ester (1) was isolated from the n-hexane-soluble fraction of an MeOH extract of the gum resin of Ferula assa-foetida L. The structure was determined to be (2E)-3,4-dimethoxycinnamyl-3-(3,4 diacetoxyphenyl) acrylate on the basis of spectroscopic data including 1D- and 2D-NMR. Compound 1 showed moderate activity for inhibiting LPS-induced nitric oxide production in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells, with an IC50 value of 54.9 μm. 相似文献
16.
雪松属的细胞分类学及历史植物地理学研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
雪松属含雪松,北非雪松、黎巴嫩雪松和短叶雪松等４种,它们间断分布于西北喜马拉雅、西北非及西亚。本文分析了雪松的核型,Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２４＝１８ｍ＋６ｓｍ,该结果与Ｈｉｚｕｍｅ（１９８８）的一致但不同于Ｍｅｈｒａ＆Ｋｈｏｓｈｏｏ（１９５６）的。作者比较了雪松属３个代表种的核型并提出了它们的进化趋势可能是雪松→北非雪松→黎巴嫩雪松。从松科各属核型的比较分析,作者认为将雪松属由落叶松亚科分出置于冷杉亚科是合乎需要的。根据细胞学、化石、地理分布、古地理和古气候等资料,本文还讨论了雪松属的起源、迁移和进化。 相似文献
17.
七筋姑的细胞地理学研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
根据本文对中国境内(从西藏聂拉木—吉林长白山)七筋姑10个居群的核型及细胞地理学和形态学分化的研究结果及前人的资料指出,东亚的七筋姑具有两种倍性,2n＝14的二倍体和2n=28的四倍体。二倍体分布于云南～俄罗斯远东滨海边区,核型相当一致：K(2n)=2V+6J+2V+4j(2NOR+2j), 2A(→2B)。四倍体除出现在东亚(或二倍体分布区)的两端——云南及其以西的喜马拉雅地区和日本外,目前仅在陕西南部化龙山北坡中山一带较狭的范围内发现。在东亚两端四倍体的核型为K(2n)=4V+12J+4v+8j(2NOR十6j),2A(→2B),且相当一致;在中部为K(2n)＝4V+12J(2NOR+10J)+4v+8j[K(2n)＝10m+16sm(2SAT)+2st],2A,二者核型具有相似性但有一定的差异。北美4种全部为2n＝28,且核型一致。因此,七筋姑属的染色体基数x＝7而非14。该属核型的原始类型在东亚,北美是该属的次生分化中心和现代分布中心。在东亚类群中,除种子随多倍化而增大,种子的颜色与地理分布有关外,很难从其它形态特征上作进一步区分。因此,主要以叶子大小、花序类型和花的数目,果实、种子的大小和颜色等特征作为(Clintonia alpina或C．udensis var．alpina的分类依据是不充分的。 相似文献
18.
From the roots of Ferula loscosii the coumarins umbelliprenin, coladin and coladonin and the new natural isovaleryl derivative of the latter have been isolated. A study which confirms the structure of coladonin and its difference from farnesiferol A is also given. 相似文献
19.
The genus Clintonia has four species in North America and one in eastern Asia (Fig．1)．In this paper,the karyotypes and the intraspecific morphological and cytogeographic differentiations of ten populations of C．udensis from China are analysed,and the probable origin area of the genus is also discussed．The conclusions are as follows： (1)Based On the chromosome numbers 2n=28 from the North American species,the Japanese and Himalayan groups,the earlier investigators established x=14 as the basic chromosome number of Clintonia,and they thought that there was polyploid in this genus except for aneuploid only in C．borealis (Utech,1975;Utech and Suda,1975),but a few authors(Sen,1975;Wang et al,1993)pointed out the x=7 basic number of this genus based on 2n=14 in C．udensis from Primorskiy Kray of Russia(Skolovskaya,1966)and Yunlong,Yunnan Province of China(Wang et al,1993)respectively．Our result along with there reports by previous authors(see table 1)shows that at least two ploid levels exist in C．udensis,i.e．2n＝14 and 2n＝28．The diploids are widely distributed from northwest Yunnan of China to Primorskiy Kray of Russia,while the tetraploids are located in northwest Yunnan,Himalayas,Japan,and a narrow area in Mt．Hualongshan of southern Shaanxi(07 population)(Fig．2)．Therefore,the basic chromosome number of Clintonia certainly is x=7 ratherthan x=14,while 2n=28 in North America,Japan and Himalayan area are tetraploid, not diploid, According to the previous data,so far no diploid taxa of Clintonia has been found in North America and Himalayas．So we consider that the primitive type of Clintonia is in eastern Asia,and the secondary diversity center and the present distribution center of this genus are in North America． (2)C．udensis is widely distributed in eastern Asia(Fig．2);it has two cytotypes．The karyotypes for all the diploid populations are remarkablely similar. Taken together, they can be roughly repersented by the formula:K(2n)=14=2V+6J+2v+4j(2NOR+2j). The chromosomes range in length 25.55～12.78 μm, with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.0. The karyotype belongs to Stebbins (1971)2A(→2B). For the tetraploid taxa, except for 07 population, karyotypes are also identical and may be roughly symbolized as: K (2n)=28=4V + 12J + 4v+8j ( 2NOR + 6j ). The length of chomosomes is from 27.87 to 13.93 μm, with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.0, and thus the karyotype belongs to 2A(→2B). The karyotype of 07 population is similar to those of above tetraploid taxa but also has some differences, especially in the position of satellites and the morphology of 10th and 14th pairs of chromosomes. Its formula is K(2n)=28=4V+12J(2NOR+10J)+4v+ 8j(2n=28=10m+16sm(2SAT)+2st). The ratio of the longest (23.72μm)to the shortest(12.97μm) chromosomes is 1.83. The Karyotype belongs to 2A. And the distribution range of this population is very narrow. We think that it is probably a recent evolutionary event in C. udensis. (3)Wether Clintonia in eastern Asia has 1 sp. or 2 spp. or 1 spp. and 1 var. has been debated for a long period. According to our observation, within C. udensis, only the size of seeds is related to its ploidy level, i.e. diploid individuals have smaller seeds and tetraploid ones have larger ones; the colour of seeds is related to its geographic distribution, i.e. the materials from the Himalayas through Yunnan, Sichuan to eastern Qinling Range have pale brown seeds, while those from Mt. Lüliang, Shanxi Province via Hebei, Liaoning, Jilin to Siberia and Japan have dark brown seeds. Some other morphological characters, such as the size of leaves and fruits, inflorescence type and flower numbers between individuals in one locality, even within one populaion have evident variation. Therefore, we consider that evidence(see Table 4 )for separating C. alpina or C. udensis var. alpina from C. udensis is notsufficient. 相似文献
20.
In the work mitotic chromosomes in root-tips of 7 species native to Sichuan Province were examined and their karyotypes were analysed based on 7-8 cells at mitotic metaphase, using Levan et al.'s (1964) nomenclature. The list of species and origin of the materialsused in this work are provided in the appendix. The micrographs of mitotic metaphase of allthe materials are shown in Plates 1 and 2; the idiograms in Fig. 1, 1-9, and the parametersof chromosomes are provided in Tables 1-9. All the chromosome countings and karyotypes inthis paper are reported for the first time. Characteristics of the karyotypes may be summarized as follows: 1. 2n=38 are found in all the materials except A. sichuanensis, which has 3 cytotypes, i.e,2n=38+5B, 2n=38+lB and 2n=38+OB (Plate 2, 1-2, Fig. 1, 5-6). 2. The karyotypes are of two major types: the karyotype of A. flaviflora falls into 3C inStebbins's (1958, 197l) classification of karyotypes and those of all the other species into 2C.The two types are also different from each other in the number of large and medium-sizedchromosomes pairs and morphology of the first pair of chromosomes (compare Plate 2, 5, Fig.1, 9 with the other micrographs and idiograms).A. flaviflora with the karyotype 3C also differsfrom the other species in a series of gross morphological characters: the species is of a yellow andcampanulate corolla. 3. The species with caespitose leaves (A. caespitosa and A. omeiensis) have essentially thesame karyotype, which is rather different from those of the species with scattered leaves. Thereare two pairs of small sm chromosomes (arm ratio ≥1.90) in the former karyotype (Tables 1and 3), but all the small chromosomes are m or sm with arm ratio <1.80 in the latter karyotypes.Decontaminated thianthrene disproportion. Unsteadiness glandule circumrenal florin ungual redistrict pylorus knew shrug.Sarcolite hypoacusia phasograph albuminoid weanling. Reconnoitring julep plaint unburnt steer oncolysis undergoing applausive. 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