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1.
薏苡胚乳发育及营养物质积累的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
薏苡 ( Coix lacryma- jobi)授粉后 2 d,游离核胚乳已转变为细胞胚乳。授粉后 3d,中央细胞被胚乳细胞充满。起初 ,全部胚乳细胞均进行分裂 ,一定时期后 ,细胞分裂主要发生在胚乳周边区。授粉后 1 0 d,表皮停止平周分裂变为糊粉层 ,内方的数层形成层状细胞行平周分裂直到颖果接近成熟。胚乳内部生长则依赖于细胞体积扩大。胚乳基部 (颖果基部的胚乳 )形成了数层传递细胞。授粉后 9d,淀粉积累。授粉后 1 0 d,糊粉层及其内方数层细胞产生了脂体 ,后者的脂体以后又消失。授粉后 1 3、1 5 d,糊粉层细胞的液泡积累蛋白质。授粉后 2 0 d,液泡变为糊粉粒。授粉后 1 5 d淀粉胚乳细胞产生蛋白质体 ,营养物质积累持续到颖果成熟。还观察了胚和胚乳发育的对应关系。  相似文献   

2.
    
Embryo development in Coix lacryma-jobi is classified into the following stages: proembryo before club-shaped, club-shaped, coleoptilar, I-leafed, 2-1eared, 3-1eared, 4-1eared, 5-leafed and 6-leafed (mature embryo). The 3-, 4-, 5-leafed embryos have 1, 2 and 3 adventitious roots (seminal roots) respectively, and the matrue also has 3. These seminal roots are arranged in a longitudinal row parallelling with the radicle. The storage reserves first deposit in the scutellar cells. 9 days after anthesis (l-leafed stage), the starch grains are accumulated in cells of scutellum, coleoptile and mesocotyle. When the embryo matures, starch grains are deposited throughout its cells. The increase in size and amount of starch grains correlates with the initiation and growth order of the embryonic organs. But the amount in the scutellar cells decreases from later to mature stage. 10 days after anthesis (2-leafed stage), protein bodies containing crystals, of protein and phytin are present in the scutellar cells. They subsequently become larger and abundant druses. At the same time some protein bodies without crystals are also formed. Later, the protein bodies containing crystals disappear, while those without crystals increase until the embryo matures. 13 days after anthesis (3- leafed stage) protein bodlies are formed in the upper coleoptile cells. Protein bodies are rich in the cells of mature embryo, but the earlier the organ of embryo occurs, the more and the larger protein bodies it contains. 10 days after anthesis, lipid bodies appear in the scutellar cells and increase in size and quantity rapidly as the embryo develops. The correlation of the length of caryopsis and scutellum with embryo development is also observed.  相似文献   

3.
薏苡胚发育及贮藏营养物质积累的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
薏苡(Coix lacrym a-jobi)胚发育分下列各期:棒形胚前的原胚期、棒形胚期、胚芽鞘期、1叶期、2 叶期、3叶期、4 叶期、5 叶期及6叶期成熟胚。3 叶期胚具1 条不定根(种子根),4 叶期具2 条,5 叶期及成熟胚期具3 条。不定根与胚根排成1 纵行。营养物质最先在盾片细胞中积累。开花后9 天的1 叶期胚,在盾片、胚芽鞘及胚轴细胞中积累了淀粉,以后遍及成熟胚的各部分。淀粉粒含量与器官发生及生长顺序成正相关,但发育后期,盾片细胞内的淀粉粒含量下降。开花后10 天,盾片细胞中形成含晶体的蛋白质体,晶体含蛋白质及植酸钙镁。以后,这种蛋白质体增多、增大。同时,又形成不含晶体的蛋白质体。一定时期,含晶体的蛋白质体消失,不含晶体的蛋白质体增多,直到胚成熟。开花后13 天,胚芽鞘上部细胞形成蛋白质体。以后遍及成熟胚的各部分,器官发生越早,所含蛋白质体越多、越大。开花后10 天,盾片细胞中产生了脂体,成熟胚的盾片细胞,含有大量的脂体。还观察了胚发育各期与颖果及盾片长度的对应关系  相似文献   

4.
    
Special attention was paid to the ultrastructure of transfer cells (TCs) in different locations of basal endosperm in Coix lacryma-jobi at 10 and 25 days after pollination. At 10 days after pollination. TCs of the outermost layer had long wall ingrowths (WIs) whereas those of the second layer possessed fewer and shorter Wis. In both layers TCs had a lobed nucleus, abundant mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), ribosomes, and a certain number of dictyosomes and vesicles which contained dense substance connected with plasma membrane of WIs. Mitochondria were located near or between WIs. The distribution of organelles in TCs of the second layer was similar to that of the outermost layer. Mitochondria had well defined cristae and dictyosomes and RER seemed more numerous than in TCs of the outermost layer. At 25 days after pollination, TCs of the outermost and the second layer were almost filled with Wis but the organelles were recognizable. TCs of the fourth layer had branched and network-like WIs, many mitochondria, starch grain within plastids and lipids locating near WIs and in the interstices of WIs. Dictyosomes were frequently found but less RER fragments were seen. TCs of the fifth layer with short WIs contained large starch grains and small protein bodies. Plasmodesmata were not observed in the walls of TCs of the outermost and second layer at both 10 and 25 days after pollination but were found in the walls of TCs of the fourth and upper layers and also in the network-like WIs at 25 days after pollination. The roles of the organelles and functions of TCs of different layers were discussed.  相似文献   

5.
黔西南薏苡内生真菌多样性及其抗菌活性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为进一步了解贵州黔西南薏苡(Coix lacryma-Jobi)可培养内生真菌的多样性组成及其抗菌活性。通过组织块分离法,选取薏苡根、叶和种仁为分离对象,进行内生真菌分离,并通过形态学观察,分子生物学特征对所分离内生真菌进行鉴定。采用平板菌块对峙法对薏苡内生真菌进行抗菌活性筛选。从薏苡根、叶和种仁中共分离纯化获得76株薏苡内生真菌,根据形态和分子生物学特征,它们属于10个目、14个科、26个属和1个不明属以及未知菌;以大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphyloccocus aureus)、枯草芽胞杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)为指示菌株,对薏苡内生真菌进行抗菌活性筛选。其中有25株对大肠杆菌具有抗菌活性,占分离菌株的比例为32. 9%;有34株对金黄色葡萄球菌具有抗菌活性,其比例为44. 7%;有24株对枯草芽胞杆菌具有抗菌活性,比例是31. 6%;有23株对酿酒酵母具有抗菌活性,占比例为30. 3%;对4种标准菌株都有抗菌活性的有13株,占总株数的17. 1%。薏苡的不同组织结构中存在丰富的内生真菌资源,部分内生真菌具有抑制其他微生物生长的活性,具有产生天然活性产物成分的潜力,为工业应用奠定了资源基础,具有进一步发掘和研究的价值。  相似文献   

6.
薏苡种子胚芽鞘细胞的结构   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
观察了薏苡浸泡种子胚芽鞘的结构。胚芽 外,内表皮薄壁组织及2个侧位的维管束组成。在外表皮两处,观察到径向壁不边原细胞群,它们实际是合胞体。薄壁细胞含丰富的核糖体,内质网小泡和线粒体,说明代谢活动已经活跃。初生纹孔场内有胞间连丝,显示胞间已存在物质的共质运转。  相似文献   

7.
利用SRAP分子标记对从各主要产地收集到的90份薏苡种质进行遗传多样性分析,其中68份收集于福建省,6份来自中国台湾,16份来自浙江、辽宁、山东、河南、云南、江苏、湖南、广东、上海等省(市)。结果表明,从88对SRAP引物组合中筛选出26对引物进行SRAP扩增,共扩增出185条带,其中具有多态性的有157,占总数的84.86%,表明90份薏苡种质表现出丰富的遗传多样性。基于SRAP标记利用系统聚类法将90份薏苡种质资源分为4大类,与形态性状分类结果有一定的相似性;利用16对SRAP引物构建了73份薏苡种质资源的DNA指纹图谱,为薏苡遗传研究、品种选育与资源保护提供了依据。  相似文献   

8.
薏苡胚乳传递细胞的超微结构   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
传粉后10 d,薏苡(Coix lacrym a-jobiL.)颖果基部胚乳最外层传递细胞具长而多的壁内突,第二层细胞的壁内突较第一层的短而少,均具瓣裂的细胞核、丰富的线粒体、粗糙内质网、核糖体、产生小泡的高尔基体及与壁内突质膜相连的、含深色物质的囊泡。线粒体分布于壁内突附近或其间。授粉后25 d,第一、二层细胞壁内突发达,几乎充满了细胞,但细胞器可见。第四层传递细胞具树枝状及网状的壁内突,大量线粒体、具质体膜的淀粉粒、脂体存在壁内突附近或壁内突的间隙内。高尔基体常见,仅见很少的片段内质网。第五层传递细胞具短的壁内突、较大的淀粉粒及许多小蛋白质体。两个时期的第一、二层细胞内均未观察到胞间连丝。授粉后25 d,第四层及以上的传递细胞的细胞壁和呈网状的壁内突均含有胞间连丝。还讨论了各种细胞器的作用及各层传递细胞的功能  相似文献   

9.
    
The development of the anther wall follows the monocotyledonous type. During meiotic stages of prophase I, some cytoplasmic channels are observed on the walls between meiotic cells. which divide synchronously. Cytokinesis in the microspore mother cell is of the successive type and gives rise to iscbilateral tetrad. The cell wall between the generative cell and the vegetative cell in early stage shows PAS positive reaction. The mature pollen grain is of 3-celled type. The development of the female gametophyte follows the polygonum-type; the antipodal cells proliferate to form a multicellular tissue mass. Many starch grains are present in the central cell. The nucleus of the mature egg cell is located at the micropylar end; a great deal of starch grains are in the cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus, while vacuoles of various size distribute throughout its cytoplasm but are more and larger at the chalaza,1 end. The nucleus of the synergid cell is located at the micropytar end where a filiform apparatus is formed and many small vacuoles are present at the chalazal part.  相似文献   

10.
通过图像分析方法作出的薏苡定量染色体图   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
韩永华  亓翠英  刘立华  宋运淳 《遗传学报》2003,30(12):1147-1152
薏苡染色体数目为2n=20,由于中期染色体的长度差异不大,相邻染色体难以区分,而薏苡前中期的染色体相对较长,经DAPI染料染色后染色体上显示明显不同的深染区和浅染区,深染区和浅染区分别相当于染色体上染色质纤维较浓缩和较伸展的区域。前中期染色体上染色深浅不一的染色区可以作为识别薏苡特定染色体的重要标志,也可用于辨别同源染色体。用MetaMorph软件定量分析了薏苡每条前中期染色体上(从短臂到长臂)DAPl信号强度的变化,结合染色体的长度和臂比作为辅助参数,构建了薏苡前中期染色体的定量染色体图。该定量染色体图不仅描述了每条染色体不同区域浓缩程度的不同,而且也反应出不同浓缩区域所占染色体长度的比例。因此该定量染色体图是实际的前中期染色体的一种直观模式,可作为识别薏苡基因组中每条染色体的有力依据。  相似文献   

11.
张猛  张天宇 《菌物学报》2004,23(3):328-330
报道生于禾本科Gramineae植物上的弯孢属真菌一个新种,薏苡生弯孢Curvularia coicicola,和一个中国新记录种,黄茅弯孢 Curvularia heteropogonis Alcorn。新种S形、淡色的分生孢子是区别于其它弯孢种的显著特征。研究标本保藏在山东农业大学植物病理标本室(HSAUP)。  相似文献   

12.
薏苡种子形态性状多样性评价   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
薏苡是优质的药食兼用作物。本研究对我国36份薏苡种质的种子形态性状进行了主成分分析和聚类分析。结果表明,36份薏苡种质具有较高的形态性状多样性。不同薏苡种质的4个种子质量性状间存在差异。单因素方差分析显示11个种子数量性状在不同薏苡种质间呈极显著差异。数量性状的变异系数在8.43%~68.01%之间,种壳与外种皮重量的变异系数最大而种仁长度的变异系数最小。主成分分析将36份薏苡种质分为中部及南部栽培种质、北部栽培种质和野生种质3大类,3类种质的形态特征存在明显差异。聚类分析将36份薏苡种质分为5大类群,即中部及南部栽培种质、北部栽培种质和3个类群野生种质。初步筛选出6份可能具有较高抗肿瘤活性的薏苡种质FJNJ、TJ-BK-1、TJ-BK-2、MY-BK-1、MY-BK-2和JYSD。  相似文献   

13.
基因Dad-1是普遍存在于动物和植物中一个高度保守的程序性细胞死亡抑制基因。以水稻Dad-1基因为探针,采用Southern杂交在薏苡中检出了Dad-1基因的同源序列,并利用荧光原位杂交的方法对其进行了染色体物理定位。在薏苡第9染色体短臂上检测到Dad-1基因的杂交信号,信号与着丝粒的百分距离为67.44±1.45。  相似文献   

14.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
  相似文献   

15.
荞麦胚和胚乳的发育及贮藏营养物质的积累   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
荞麦原胚期,胚乳为游离核期。球形胚晚期,胚乳开始细胞化。心形胚期,胚囊中部形成一层“开放细胞”。鱼雷形胚期,胚囊中部有5-7层胚乳细胞。子叶弯曲胚期,胚乳全部形成胚乳细胞,具传递细胞特征的合点胚乳吸器形成。胚乳细胞的初始垂周壁来自于自由生长壁和胞质分裂形成的细胞板;初始平周壁由自由生长垂周壁分友相接形成,及有丝分裂的细胞板形成。开花后9d,胚乳细胞积累淀粉,比胚细胞积累早6d。开花后15d,胚乳最  相似文献   

16.
大麦胚和胚乳发育的相关性及贮藏营养物质的积累   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
大麦(Hordeum vulgare L.)开花后1d,见合子及退化助细胞,游离核胚乳尚未形成;开花后2~3d,胚为5及10个细胞,胚乳为游离核期;开花后4及5、6d,胚为梨形及长梨形,胚乳达细胞化期;开花后8d,胚为胚芽鞘期,糊粉层原始细胞产生;开花后10d,胚具1叶,糊粉层1~2层;开花后13d胚为2叶胚,亚糊粉层发生;开花后17d,3叶胚形成,糊粉层多为3层并停止分裂,菱柱形及不规则胚乳细胞分化;开花后21~29d,胚为4叶胚,胚乳进一步分化;开花后33d,胚为5叶成熟胚,胚乳亦成熟。淀粉、蛋白质在胚中积累始于开花后13d。在盾片中由基向顶发生,在胚芽鞘及叶原基中,首先在顶端出现。成熟盾片顶端的淀粉消失。开花后6d,胚乳开始积累淀粉;开花后10d,糊粉层及胚乳细胞积累蛋白质。开花17d后胚乳的蛋白质体多聚集,29d后蛋白质体显著减少。开花后17d,在盾片及糊粉层细胞中检测到油脂。果长或果长与稃片长之比和盾片长可作为不同发育期胚和胚乳的形态指标。  相似文献   

17.
玉米mir1基因在玉米和薏苡中的比较物理定位   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
玉米基因mir1编码一种抗秋季黏虫的半胱氨酸蛋白酶。利用RFLP作图mir1基因被定位在玉米第 6号染色体短臂上 ,但它在第 6号染色体短臂上的物理位置还不知道。实验以mir1和 4 5SrDNA为探针 ,通过双色荧光原位杂交技术确定了mir1基因在玉米细胞分裂中期和粗线期第 6号染色体上的物理位置。Southern杂交结果表明 ,在薏苡基因组中存在mir1基因的同源序列 ,进一步利用荧光原位杂交的方法确定mir1基因的同源序列定位于薏苡第 7号染色体长臂的近末端 ,其信号与着丝粒的百分距离为 73 33± 0 15。  相似文献   

18.
二种薏苡的核型和C-带带型的研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
川谷和薏苡的核型极为相似,2n=20=18m(2SAT)+2sm,属较为对称的核型。它们的C-带带型也极为相似,多数为端带,少数为弱近端带,没有着丝点带,薏苡的带比川谷的带要丰富些。川谷的C_-带带型可表示为:2n=20=6T_++2T_+~++2T_+S+10,薏苡的C_-带带型为:2n=20=6T_++6T~++6T_+~++2S。  相似文献   

19.
Wastewater from different sources shows great differences in concentrations and ratios of N and P. In order to choose suitable plant species to remove excess N and/or P from polluted waters, it is important to know the performances of these plants under different N and P concentrations. In this study, we investigated the growth and N and P removal rate of three macrophytes, Coix lacryma-jobi, Iris wilsonii, and Arundo donax under six N and P combination treatments. C. lacryma-jobi preferred higher N and P concentrations (16 mg N L?1 and 3.2 mg P L?1), and increasing N supply could increase its P removal rate. I. wilsonii exhibited a growth preference at a combination of moderate N and P concentrations (8 mg N L?1 and 0.8 mg P L?1). A. donax could grow well at all combinations of N and P and had significantly higher relative growth rate and N and P removal rates than the other two species. These results showed A. donax is a promising species to treat various polluted waters and the other two species can be used specifically to treat certain types of wastewater.  相似文献   

20.
Metabolic pathways sequestered within the leucoplast of developing oilseeds ensure a balanced supply of substrates and cofactors for fatty acid biosynthesis. NADP-dependent malic enzyme (NADP-ME) may be important in supplying both carbon and NADPH for fatty acid biosynthesis in the developing endosperm of the oilseed Ricinus communis. NADP-ME was purified 5160-fold to a specific activity of 18.2 U/mg protein. NADP-ME is a homotetramer with a native mass of 254 kDa and a subunit size of approximately 63 kDa. Effectors of castor NADP-ME are typical of the NADP-malic enzymes, with the exception of acetyl-CoA and its derivatives, which were found to act as activators. This is consistent with a regulatory role for these molecules during fatty acid biosynthesis in vivo. NADP-ME was found to have maximal activity at stage 7 of endosperm development, coincident with maximal lipid accumulation.  相似文献   

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