Notulae de Plantis Tribus Cynarearum Familiae Compositarum Sinicae (II)(Cont.)

Since the 19th century many botanists have studied the Chinese Cirsium and a great number of taxa or names has been reported, of which many still need to be reviewed critically This work is a preliminaxy result of study on Chinese species of Cirsium. As many as 65 taxan or names in the literature are reduced to synonym in this paper. The Cirsium in China so far known comprises 49 species, of which 9 are described as new, 1 is a new combination and 4 are new records in Chinese flora. These new species are: C. subulariforme Shih, S. muliense Shih, C. fanjingshanense Shih, C. periacanthaceum Shih, C. racemiforme Ling et Shih, C. vernonioides Shih, C. chrysolepis Shih, C. tenuifolium Shih and the new combination is C. viridifolium (Hand. -Mazz.) Shih. The new records in China are C. serratuloides (L.) Hill., C. incanum (S. G. Gmel.) Fisch. ex MB., C. lanatum (Roxb. ex Willd.) Spreng and C. alatum (S. G. Gmel) Bobr. The Chinese Cirsium is divided into 8 sections in the present paper, of which 3 are new, namely, Sect. Isolepis Shih, Sect. Tricholepis Shilh and Sect. Hymenolepis Shih, and I is a new combination, namely, Sect. Spanioptilon (Cass.) Shih. In addition, a new species of the genus Alfredia, A. aspera Slih, is described.     

Xizangia bartschioides (Hand.-Mazz.) D. Y. Hong,a new combination in Scrophulariaceae

Evidence is provided in the present article to confirm the generic status of Xizangia. This genus is distinctly different from Pterygiella in having rhizomes with winter buds, serrate leaves, unequally cleft calyx (up to 2/3 in length at anterior), and bubblelike and smooth seed-coat. A new combination, Xizangia bartschioides (Hand.-Mazz.) D. Y. Hong is thus made, and Xizangiaserrata D. Y. Hong and Pterygiella bartschioides Hand.-Mazz. are treated as synonymy.     

Xizangia bartschioides (Hand.-Mazz.) D. Y. Hong——玄参科一新组合

虽然玄参科的马松蒿Xizangia serrata D．Y．Hong与齿叶翅茎草Petrygiella artschioides Hand．-Mazz．系同物异名,但齿叶翅茎草与翅茎草属其余4种植物在习性、叶、花萼等外部形态上有显著差异,在种皮方面的差异尤为突出。马松蒿属Xizangia 作为属的地位是合适的。因此,本文作了一个新组合,即XI-zangia bartschioides(Hand．-Mazz．)D．Y．Hong,而把Ptertrygiella bartschioides Hand．-Mazz．和Xizangia serrata D．Y. Hong均作异名处理。     

On the Classification of Ixeris Group (Compositae) from China

Ixeris Cass., strinctly speaking, is confined to plants which have achenes with sharply winged ribs. Ixeridium (A. Gray ) Tzvel. contains plants which have persistent radical leaves at anthesis and achenes with obtuse ribs and a fine rostrum at its apex. Paraixeris Nakai is restricted to plants which are of the same achenes as in the genus Ixeridium (A. Gray) Tzvel., but rostra of achenes are robust and radical leaves deciduous in flowering in the former. The Chorisis DC., a monotypic genus, is characterized by ternate palatisect leaves. In the light of the above mentioned understanding of these genera, the author thinks that the division of Chinese Ixeris group, a comparatively complex one, into four genera would be more reasonable than merging them into one genus, namely, Ixeris Cass. Based on the examination of specimens in the Herbarium of the Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica (PE), the author found that there are four species in the genus Ixeris Cass., including one new combination in China. They are I. polycephala Cass., I. dissecta (Makino) Shih, I. japonica (Burm. f. ) Nakai and I. stolonifera A. Gray. The genus Ixeridium (A. Gray ) Tzvel. has 13 species, including five new combinations and three new species in China, namely, I. sagittaroides (C. B. Clarke) Shih, I. gramineum (Ledb.) Tzvel., I. yunnarense Shih,I. graminifolium(Ledb.)Tzvel.,I, biparum Shih,I.aculeolatum Shih,I. chinense( Thunb. ) Tzvel., I. strigosum( Fisch. ) Tzvel., I. elegans( Franeh. ) Shih, I. sonchifolium (Maxim.)Shih,I. laevigatum (BI.)Shih,I. dentatum(Thunb. )Nakai and I. gracile(DC.)Shih, in China. There are six species in the genus Paraixeris Nakai, including One new combination, namely, P. denticulata(Houtt.) Nakai, P. humifusa(Dunn) Shih, P. cheldonifolia( Makino) Nakai, P. saxatilis( Baran. ) Tzvel., P.pinnatipartita (Makino)Tzvel. and P.serotina(Maxim.)Tzvel.in China.     

A Revision of Ajania potaninii ( Krasch.) Poljak. Group (Compositae)

In 1983, in Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 76 (1) Ajania potaninii (Krasch.) Poljak. was treated broadly by the present author. At that time, Chrysanthemum potaninii (Krasch.) Hand.-Mazz. var. amphiseriaceum Hand.-Mazz. , Chrysanthemum truncatum Hand. -Mazz. and Ajania hypoleuca Ling in shed were treated as synonyms of Ajania potaninii (Krasch.) Poljak. Evidently, the treatment of the three taxa was not suitable. It seems neccessary to make further revision in the present paper. Abovementioned three names treated as synonyms should be regarded as three different species of Ajania. However, these three species are closely related to Ajania potaninii (Krasch.) Poljak. They are keying as follows: 1. Leaves undivided. 2. Leaves discolour, green, glabrous above, cinereous-white, densely white-tomentose beneath ............................................. 1. Ajania potaninii (Krasch.) Poljak. 2. Leaves concolour on both sides, cinereous-white, densely white-tomentose ......... ................................................ 2. Ajania amphiseriacea (Hand. -Mazz. ) Shih 1. Leaves pinnatipartite or pinnatisect. 3. Leaves pinnatipartite, discolour, green, glabrous above, cinereous-white, densely white-tomentose beneath ....................................... 3. Ajania hypoleuca Ling 3. Leaves pinnatisect, concolour on both sides, cinereous-white, densely white-tomen- rosa ............................................. 4. Ajania truncata (Hand.-Mazz. ) Ling     

Karyological studies on the Sino-Himalayan endemic Soroseris and two related genera of tribe Lactuceae (Asteraceae)

Karyological studies were carried out on ten populations comprising six species of Soroseris in the tribe Lactuceae (Asteraceae), all endemic to the alpine Sino-Himalayan region and poorly known cytogenetically. The single species of Stebbinsia (one population) and two species of Syncalathium (three populations) were also examined for the first time. The basic chromosome number for the three genera is x  = 8. Stebbinsia and most species of Soroseris are diploids with 2 n  = 2 x  = 16 = 14m + 2sm and have a karyotype asymmetry type 1A. Three species of Soroseris are tetraploid (2 n  = 4 x  = 32 = 28m + 4sm). A karyotype of 2 n  = 2 x  = 16 = 14m(2SAT) + 2sm with type 1A asymmetry was found in Syncalathium kawaguchii , and of 2 n  = 2 x  = 16 = 6m + 10sm with type 2A asymmetry for two populations of Syncalathium souliei . The relationships between Soroseris and the other two genera are discussed. Our cytological results suggest that polyploidy plays a minor role in the chromosome evolution of plants from the Himalayan mountains and adjacent regions.  © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2007, 154 , 79–87.     

Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Taraxacum (Compositae)

Sections Naevosa M. P. Chr., Crocea M. P. Chr. and Macrodonta M. P. Chr. are reduced to subsectional rank in section Spectabilia Dahlst. of the genus Taraxacum. Section Arctica Dahlst. (section Laevia (Hand.-Mazz.) Schischk.) is enlarged by including sections Glabra Dahlst., Antarctica Hand.-Mazz. and Pachera v. Soest.
Taraxacum gurglense A. J. Richards and T. unicoloratum A. J. Richards (section Alpestria v. Soest), T. concucullatum A. J. Richards (section Cucullata v. Soest) and T. venticola A. J. Richards (section Vulgaria Dahlst.) are described as new agamospecies from the Alps; and T. calcifhilum A. J. Richards & J. L. van Soest (section Orientalia Hand.-Mazz.), T. nigricornis A. J. Richards (section Macrocomuta v. Soest) and T. breviscapum A. J. Richards (section Erythrocarpa Hand.-Mazz.) are described as new agamospecies from Afghanistan.     

On Circumscription of the Genus Prenanthes L. and Notoseris Shih — A New Genus of Compositae from China

After having examined all specimens of the genus Prenanthes L. of Compositae in the Herbarium of Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, I find that the classic concept on the genus Prenanthes established by G. Bentham in 1873 has not been held exactly by some of European, American, Japanese and Chinese botanists. For example, W. B. Hemsley, S. T. Dunn, A. Franchet, S. Kitamura and C. C. Chang placed plants from China which belong to other groups into the genus; I also find that the classic concept of the genus is not clear. The present paper makes a revision not only on the classic concept of the genus, but also on its concept assumed by the above-mentionded botanists. With the combination of numerous (25-35), white or yellow ligular florets, numerous ribs of achenes, Prenanthes alba L. (Nabalus albus (L.) Shih, comb. nov.) is distinctly different from Prenanthes purpurea L., which has the combination of purple, few (5-15) ligular florests and few ribs of achenes. Nabalus Cass., as a genus established early (1825) by H. Cassini, should be restored. It is not reasonable to treat Nabalus as a subgenus (E. B. Babcock et al. 1947) or a section (S. Kitamura, 1956) or as a synonym (G. Bentham, 1983) of the genus Preanathes L. The present author recognizes seven species in the new revised genus Prenanthes L. in China, 4 of which are described as new. In the genus Nabalus Cass. only one species, N. ochroleuca Maxim., is distributed in Northeast China. As Lactuca melanantha Franch. (1895), Prenanthes henryi Dunn (1903), P. glandulosa Dunn (1903), Lactuca triflora Hemsl. (1888) (it was transferred to Prenanthes L. by C. C. Chang in 1934), Prenanthes formosana Kitam. (1934) and P. wilsoni Chang (1934) all have campanulate involucres, purple phyllaries, purple dorsi-ventrally compressed achenes, longitudinal rids 6-9 on each side of achene truncate and beakless at its apex and pilose tubes of corollae, they should be placed neither into the genus Prenanthes with obtusely tri-or pentagonous, subterete achenes and glabrous tubes of corollae, nor into the genus Lactuca with beak achenes. Besides the above-mentioned species misnamed by some of foreign and Chinese botanists, 6 other species also have the same structure in achenes and corollae. Evidently, they fall into a new genus with the name Notoseris Shih. The new genus Notoseris Shih of the tribe Lactuceae of Compositae seems to be more reminiscent of Lactuca L. than of Prenanthes L. emend. All the 12 species of the genus Notoseris Shih are endemic to China and distributed in the area of south of Yantze River. Of them 6 are new combinations and 6 are described as new.     

中国兜被兰属植物的研究

兰科的兜被兰属约有12种,主要分布于亚洲的温带至亚热带山地,我国的四川和云南是其现代分布中心和分化中心。本文通过植物地理学、孢粉学和解剖学的研究,对该属进行分类学订正,确认中国产有12种,其中9种为我国特有,包括4个新种和1个新组合种。     

中国野牡丹科一新组合

将线萼金花树和长瓣金花树处理为同一种内的两个变种：长瓣金花树的学名为Blastus longiflorus Hand-Mazz．var.longiflorus,而线萼金花树为B．longiflorus Hand-Mazz．var．apricus(Hand-Mazz)Y．L.Zheng etN．H．Xia。     

光叶云南草蔻的植物分类学研究

作者在调查云南草蔻及光叶云南草蔻资源时发现,过去在云南、广西和广东被定为光叶云南草蔻的植物为三种不同的山姜属植物,从中分出两新种:那坡山姜Alpinia napoensis H.Dong et G.J.Xu和卵果山姜 Alpinia ovoidocarpa H.Dong et G.J.Xu,并对光叶云南草蔻作了形态特征补充描述。查清光叶云南草蔻Alpinia blepharocalyx K.Schum.var.glabrior(Hand.-Mazz.)T.L.Wu仅分布云南南部及东南部,广西、广东无分布。     

Novelities of Asteraceae

Seven new taxa, including one new section, three new species and three new varieties, are described; one new name, Ligularia pojarkovana S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho, and one new combination, Ligularia liatroides (C. Winkl.) Hand.-Mazz. var. shifangensis (G. H. Chen et W. J. Zhang) S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho are made; five species are mentioned as new records. The seven new taxa are Youngia sect. Cyanoglossa S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho, Youngia zhenduoi S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho, Y. cyanea S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho, Mulgedium qinghaicum S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho, Cremanthodium campanulatum (Franch.) Diels var. flavidum S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho, Ligularia amplexicaulis DC. var. nepalensis S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho, and L. paradoxa Hand. Mazz. var.palmatifida S. W. Liu et T. N. Ho.     

菊科亚菊属川甘亚菊类群订正

本文对作者本人在1983年《中国植物志》第76卷第一分册12l页上针对川甘亚菊处理过宽的问题,重新作出了订正。本文确认川甘亚菊、灰叶亚菊、深裂亚菊及下白亚菊分别为不同的种,并作出了这四个种的分种检索表。     

陕西省被子植物分布新资料

报道了陕西省种子植物分布的1新记录属、7新记录种.新记录属为亚麻荠属(十字花科),7个新记录种分别为梵净山菝葜(百合科)、鄂西小檗(小檗科)、堇叶碎米荠、亚麻荠(十字花科)、矮生栒子(蔷薇科)、长梗玄参(玄参科)及云雾忍冬(忍冬科).     

Revision of Lactuca L. and Two New Genera of Tribe Lactuceae (Compositae) on the Mainland of Asia (Cont.)

Having mixed extremely various patterns of achenes for a long time in the genus Lactuca L., especially showed in the classification of it on the mainland of Asia, Lactuca L., the primary unnatural genus, becomes more nuclear in its limit. The present paper makes a revision to attempt providing a clear cline between Lactuca L. and its relative genera. On my opinion, only plants, represented by Lactuca sativa L., which have ovoid capitulum during its fruiting, numerous (7-25), yellow ligular florets and longitudinal 1-10 ribs or striae on each side of achenes, acute into filiform beak at its apex, should be defined as Lactuca L. In view of the present concept of Lactuca L., another group of plants, embodied by Lactuca indica L., having its broadening, thin winged-margin of, 1-3 striae on each side of achenes, black, dorsi-ventral compressed, acute into thick and short beak at its apex, evidently, should not be placed into Lactuca L., but be regarded as genus, i.e. Pterocypsela Shih, gen. nov. Pterocypsela Shih distributes in Eastern and southern Asia, where Lactuca L. does not occur. In China there is all of species, seven species, of Pterocypsela Shih. They are P. raddeana (Maxim.) Shih, P. indica (L.) Shih, P. elata (Hemsl.) Shih P. lacciniata (Houtt.) Shih, P. triangulata (Maxim.) Shih, P. sonchus (Lévl.) Shih and P. formosana (Maxim.) Shih, But in Mediterranean regions and Middle and Western Asia mainly distributes Lactu ca L., in which there are only seven species from western China, Xijiang autonomic district. They are L. dolichophylla Kitam., L. sativa L., L. altaica Fisch. et Mey., L. serriola Torner, L. dissecta Don, L. auriculata DC. and L. undulata Ledb. With the combination of violet-purple ligular florets non-ovoid capitulum during its fruiting, a little thick achenes, acuminate into longer. or short beak at its apex and 4-6 ribs on each side of it, Mulgedium tataricum (L.) DC. is evidently different from Lactuca sativa L. with combination of ovoid capitulum during its fruiting, yellow ligular florets and compres sed achenes, acute into filiform beak at its apex. There seems to be no point in refusing Mu lgedium Cass. as a genus. Strictly speak, Mulgedium Cass. seems to be reminiscent of Para prenanthes Chang (see bellow) without beak at the apex of its achenes. In Hengduan moun tains and mountain range of Himalayas M. tataricum (L.) DC. discoveries its relative par tners. They are M. bracteatum (Mook. f. ex. C. B. Clarke) Shih, M. lessertianum (Wall. ex C. B. Clarke) DC., M. monocephalum (Chang) Shih, M. umbrosum (Dunn) Shih, M. meridionale Shih and M. polypodifolium (Franch.) Shih. Having broadering and thickening margin and 4-7 striae on each side of achenes, grey, dorsi-ventral compressed, truncate and beakless at its apex, Lactuca sibirica (L.) Benth. ex Maxim. (Sonchus sibiricus L.) is not only different from Lactuca sativa L. with the combination of yellow ligular florets and filiform beak at apex of its achenes, but also from the genus Mulgedium Cass. with beak at apex of its achenes. Therefore, Lagedium Sojak, established by J. Sojak (1961), should be restored. It should be point out that Lagedium Sojak is monotypic genus excluding Mulgedium tataricum (L.) DC. with beak at the apex of its achenes, non-marginated. Lagedium Sojak widely distributes in temperate and frigid zone ofvnorthern hemisphere. In our country, Lagedium sibiricum (L.) Sojak, sole species of the genus, restricts its northeast region. Paraprenanthes Chang, the new genus, established by Ch. Ch. Chang (1950) based on Lactuca sororia Miq. and Lactuca yunnanensis Franch. seems to be a distinct genus. This genus is characterized by 4-6 ribs on each side of achenes, black, fusiform, a little thick and beakless at its apex. Besides above-mentioned two species, assigned by Chang, in forest of tropic and subtropic zones on the mainland of Asia there are many species with same structure in achenes like L. sororia Miq. and L. yunnanensis Franch. The genus Paraprenanthes Chang seems to be reminiscants of Mulgedium Cass. and Lagedium Sojak, but differs from the former in its beakless achenes, from the later in its non-marginated achenes and 4-6 ribs on each side of it. In our country, there are all species of the genus known in the tropic and subtropic zones on the mainland of Asia. They are P. sororia (Miq.) Shih, P. yunnanensis (Franch.) Shih, P. longiloba Ling et Shih, sp. nov., P. heptontha Shih et D. J. Liou, sp. nov., P. prenanthoides (Hemsl.) Shih, P. pilipes (Migo) Shih, P. thirionii (Lévl.) Shih, P. sylvicola Shih., sp. nov., P. multiformis Shih, sp. nov., P. auriculiformis Shih, sp. nov. and P. sagittiformis Shih, sp. nov.     

四川菊科植物新记录

报道四川菊科植物分布新记录15种,即白山蒿、韦谷草白背变种、百能葳、小一点红、异羽千里光、无毛蟹甲草、黑紫橐吾、蒜叶婆罗门参、华北鸦葱、毛柄蒲儿根、三尖千里光、华麻花头、棉头风毛菊、灰白风毛菊、丽江蓟。列出这些种的标本引证、地理分布和近缘种的区别等。     

A new species of genus Pseudaspidapion Wanat, 1990 (Coleoptera, Apionidae) from China

Pseudaspidapion botanicumsp. n. from China is described and figured. Its host plant is Grewia biloba G. Don var. parviflora (Bunge) Hand.-Mazz (Malvaceae: Grewioideae). The genus Harpapion Voss, 1966 is recorded as new for China and Vietnam and two comb. n. are proposed: Harpapion vietnamense (Korotyaev, 1985) (from Aspidapion) and Harpapion coelebs (Korotyaev, 1987) (from Pseudaspidapion). A key to the known species of the genus Pseudaspidapion from China is presented.