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1.
The karyotypes of 10 species of the Liliaceae from the Qinling Range
are reported as follows.
I. Polygonatum Mill.
(1) P. odoratum ( Mill. ) Druce was found to have the karyotype
2n=20=12m+8sm ( Plate 3, Fig. I), which belongs to Stebbins’ (1971)
karyotype classification 2B. The chromosomes range from 3.88 to 11.26μm in
size.
Table 2 shows the karyotypes and number fundamentals (N.F.) of 13 materials from 12 different localities. The N. F. of these materials can be classified into
two groups: N.F. =36 and N.F.=40, besides one (N.F. =38) from Beijing. N.
F. =36 covers all the materials with 2n= 18 which have relatively symmetrical
karyotypes ( all consisting of m and sm chromosomes), one with
2n=20 (10m+6sm+4st) and one with 2n=22 (14m+8st). N.F. =40 include
four materials with 2n= 20 (all of m and sm chromosomes ) and 3 with 2n= 22
(10m+ 8sm+ 4st). ¥
It is considered that there are two original karyotypes, 2n= 18 with
N. F. = 36 and 2n= 20 with N.F. =40, which are relatively symmetrical. All the
more asymmetrical karyotypes with some st chromosomes have probably evolved
from the symmetrical karyotypes without st chromosomes by centric fission.
(2) P. zanlanscianense Pamp. has the karyotype 2n=30=18m(2SAT)
+ 4sm+ 6st+ 2t (Plate 1, Fig. 1) which belongs to 2C. The chromosomes range
from 2.16 to 9.76μm. ¥
II. Asparagus filicinus Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don. The karyotype of this species
is 2n = 16= 8m(2SAT )+ 6sm + 2st (Plate 1, Fig. 1 and Table 3 ) , which belongs
to 2B. The chromosomes range from 2.33 to 5.30μm. Most species in Asparagus, including A.Filicinus, are reported to have basic number x= 10, and therefore
2n= 16 is a new chromosome number for A.filicinus. EL-Saded et.al.(1972) gave
a report of n=8 for A. stipularis from Egypt, while Delay (1947) reported
2n = 24 for A. trichophyllus and A. verticillatus, Sinla(1972 ) gave a report of 2n=48
for A.racemosus. It is certain that there are two basic numbers in the genus Asparagus.
III. Cardiocrinum giganteum (Wall.) Makino was found to have the karyotype
2n=24=4m+8st+12t (Plate 1, Fig. 1 ), which belongs to 3B. The chromosomes
range from 8.71 to 20.24μm.
IV. Smilax discotis Warb. was shown to have the karyotype
2n=32=4m+22sm+4st (2SAT)+2t (Plate 1, Fig. 1 and Table 3), which belongs to 3C. The first pair is much longer than others. The chromosomes range
from 1.79 to 9.21μm. The chromosome number and karyotype of S. discotis are
both reported for the first time.
V. Reineckia carnea (Andr.) Kunth is of the karyotype 2n=38=28m+10sm
(Plate 2, Fig. 1 ), which belongs to 2B. The chromosomes range from 5.65 to
12.75μm.
VI. Tupistra chinensis Baker was found to have the karyotype
2n=38=25m+ 13sm (Plate 2, Fig. 1), which belongs to 2B. The chromosomes
range from 8.11 to 23.82μm. A pair of heterozygous chromosomes is arranged at
the end of the idiogram. The eighth pair possesses an intercalary satellite.
Huang et al. (1989) reported the karyotype of T. chinensis from Yunnan as
2n = 38 = 24m+ 14sm without any intercalary satellite. Nagamatsu and
Noda (1970) gave a report on the karyotype of T. nutans from Bhutan, which
consists of 18 pairs of median to submedian chromosomes and one pair of
subterminal chromosomes. And one pair of submedian chromosomes possess
intercalary satellites on their short arms.
VII. Rohdea japonica (Thunb) Roth. was found to have the karyotype
2n=38=30m+6sm+2st ( Plate 2, Fig. 1), which belongs to 2B. The
chromosomes range from 7.94 to 18.29μm.
Nagamatsu and Noda (1970) reported that the karyotype of R.japonica from
Japan was the same as that of Tupistra nutans from Bhutan. But we have not discov ered any chromosome with an intercalary satellite.
VIII. Hosta Tratt.
(1) H. plantaginea (Lam.) Aschers was shown to have 2n=60. The 60
chromosomes are in 30 pairs,which can be classified into 4 pairs of large
chromosomes (7.32- 8.72μm ), 3 pairs of medium-sized ones (4.72-5.60μm), and
23 pairs of small ones (1.40-3.64μm), (Plate 3 ,Table 4 ).
The karyotype of H. plantaginea is reported for the first time.
(2) H. ventricosa (Salisb.) Stearn was counted to have 2n=120, The 120
chromosomes are in 60 pairs, which can be classified into 8 pairs of large
chromosomes (7.00- 8.40μm ), 6 pairs of medium-sized ones(4.40- 6.15um ),
46 pairs of small ones (1.20- 3.85μm), (Plate 3, Table 4). Based on the
karyotypes of H. plantaginea and H. ventricosa, the latter is probably a tetraploid
in the genus Hosta.
Kaneko (1968b) gave a report on the karyotype of H. ventricosa, which is of8 pairs of large chromosomes, 4 pairs of medium-sized and 48 pairs of small ones. 相似文献
2.
Eight species in eight genera of Liliaceae from Zhejiang were cytotaxonomically studied in this work. The karyotypes of Chinese materials of these species
are mostly reported for the first time. The results are shown as follows (see Table
2-4 for chromosome parameters of them):
1. Disporum sessile D. Don Sixteen chromosomes are counted at metaphase of roottip cells.The Karyotype formula is 2n=16=2lm+2sm+4st+2sm+3sm+ 1sm(SAT)+2st
(Plate 1: 2-3, see Fig. 1:1 for its idiogram). The Karyotype belongs to 3B in
Stebbins’ (1971) karyotype classification, and consists of four pairs of larger chromosomes (1-4) and four pairs of smaller chromosomes (5-8). One SAT-chromosome is situated at the sixth pair. The chromosomes range between 4.85-16.63μm.
The karyotypic constitution is similar to that of Japanese material reported by
Noguchi (1974). Chang and Hsu (1974) reported 2n=14=13st+1sm and 2n=
16=2m + 13st + 1sm for the material from Taiwan under the name of D. shimadai
Hay. (=D. sessile D. Don). Compared with our result of D. sessile, the differences
are obvious.
2. Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce PMCs diakinesis shows eleven bivalents, n = 11, 5 large and 6 small (Plate 2:5). The meiosis is normal. The majority of reports of this species are 2n=20, with a few 2n=22 and 30 (see Table
1). The materials from southen Siberia and the Far East in USSR are all of 2n=
20. Our result is the same as recorded by Jinno (1966) in the Japanese material
and by Li (1980) from Beijing. Ge (1987) reported 2n=20 in the cultivated individuals of Shandong, China, showing that both 2n=20 and 22 exist in
China.
3. Scilla scilloides (Lindl.) Druce This species has the somatic chromosome
number 2n=18 (Plate 1: 4-6, see Fig. 1:2 for its idiogram), of which two
groups of chromosomes can be recognized, i.e. the 1 st -5 th pairs of large and
the 6 th-9th pairs of small chromosomes. A distinct character of the karyotype is that
two satellites are attached to the short arms of the 1st pair of chromosomes. The degree
of asymmetry is of 3C. The karyotype formula is 2n = 18 = 2sm (SAT) + 6st + 2t+
6m + 2sm. The chromosomes range from 2.02 to 11.93 μm. The Previous counts on
the species are 2n = 16, 18, 26, 34, 35, 36 and 43 (see Table 1). The present investigation confirms Noda’s and Haga’s results. The species is considered to be of
two genomes, namely A(x = 8) and B(x = 9). Our result shows a genome composition of BB, having a pair of large SAT-chromosomes. Chang and Hsu (1974)
reported 2n = 34 from a population of Taiwan, an amphidiploid (AABB), Karyotypes
of other Chinese populations are worth further researches.
4. Tricyrtis macropoda Miq. The chromosome number of somatic cells is
2n= 26, and PMCs MII shows 13 bivalents (n= 13) (Plate 3:1-3, see Fig. 1:3
for its idiogram). The karyotype formula is 2n= 26= 6m + 10sm + 6st + 4st (or
t), which is composed of chromosomes: 4L + 22S in size. The degree of asymmetry
is of 3B. No centromeres of the 12th and 13th pairs of chromosomes were observed
at metaphase, and the chromosomes may be of st or t. Nakamura (1968) reported
2n= 26(4L+ 22S)= 2sm+ 2sm-st+ 14st-sm+ 8st for T. macropoda Miq.
and 2n= 26(4L+ 22S)= 8m+ 2sm+2sm-st+ 2st-sm+ 12st for its ssp.
affinis, both from Japan. It is clear that the major character of their karyotypes,
i. e. 4L + 22S, is consistent with that reported here. Based on the previous and
present reports, all Tricyrtis species studied are remarkably uniform in the basic
karyotype, i. e. 4L + 22S.
5. Allium macrostemon Bunge. The present observation on the root-tip cells
of the species shows 2n = 32 (Plate 3: 4-5, see Fig. 1:4 for its idiogram). The
karyotype formula is 2n (4x)= 32= 26m + 6sm, which belongs to 2B, being of
high symmetry. Except the 6th, 10th and 13th pairs of chromosomes all the
are metacentric. Chromosomes of this species are large, ranging from 5.94 to 18.06
μm. Our result agrees with Kawano’s (1975) report under the name of A. grayi
Regel ( = A. macrostemon, Wang and Tang 1980).
6. Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. Ten bivalents were observed in
PMCs MI, n=10 (Plate 1: 1). The present result confirms the number of a population of Taiwan recorded by Hsu (1971).
7. Ophiopogon japonicus (L. f.) Ker-Gawl. The species from Mt. Taogui,
Hangzhou, is found to have 2n (2x)=36=22m + 14sm (Plate 2: 1,5, see Fig.
1:5 for its idiogram) which belongs to 2B. The karyotype is composed of 2
medium-sized chromosomes with metacentric centromeres and 34 small chromosomes,
ranging from 1.34 to 4.92 μm. The populations from Mt. Tianzhu and Mt. Yuling,
Zhejiang, are found to be aneuploids at tetraploid level (2n=64-70). It is interesting that Nagamatsu (1971) found the karyotypes of Japanese materials to be 2n=
67 and 68, also showing unsteady 4x karyotypes of this species. In the previous.
reports (see Table 1), the chromosome numbers of this species are mainly 2n = 72,
besides 2n = 36 recorded by Sato (1942) from Japan.
8. Liriope platyphylla Wang et Tang The somatic complement of the species
collected from Mt. Tianzhu, Hangzhou, is 2n = 36 (Plate 2: 3-4, see Fig. 1:6
for its idiogram). The karyotype is 2n(2x) = 36 = 16m + 20sm, belonging to 2B
type. The chromosomes are small except the medium-sized, 1st pair and the
range is from 1.27 to 5.19μm. The material from Mt. Yuling, Zhejiang, is found
to have a variety of chromosome numbers (2n= 60-71), as observed in Ophiopogon
japonicus. Hasegawa (1968) reported the karyotype of 2n = 72 (4x) from Japan
The 2x karyotype is first recorded.
This genus is closely related to Ophiopogon. Based on the Hasegawa’s and present studies, all the species in these two genera are remarkably uniform in karyo-type. Therefore, the taxonomy of the two genera is worth further researches. 相似文献
3.
子午岭产4种百合科植物的核型多样性研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
对子午岭产百合科黄精属大苞黄精(P.megaphyllum)、玉竹(P.odoratum),百合属的细叶百合(L.pumilum),葱属的糙葶韭(A.anisopodium)4种植物进行了染色体研究。其染色体数目和核型分别为:玉竹2n(2x)=20=12m(2SAT)+8sm,核型为2B型;大苞黄精2n(2x)=22=4m+12sm+6st,核型为3B型;细叶百合2n(2x)=24=4m+10st 相似文献
4.
The present paper reports the chromosome numbers and karyotypes of five species in Polygonatum from Anhui of China. The materials used in this work are listed in Table 1, Photomicrographs of somatic metaphase and karyograms of the five species of Polygonatum in Plate 1, 2, 3, the idiograms in
Fig. 1-11 and a comparison of the karyotype of them is provided in Table 2. The results are shown as follows:
1. Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.)Druce
Two materials were examined. One from Mt. Huangshan, Anhui, has 2n= 16 = 10m (3sc)+ 6sm (Plate 1 :A, B). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 1. The chromosomes range in length from 2.85 to 8.85 μm, with the total length 48.63μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.11, The karyotype belong to Stebbins’(1971) 2B. The two chromosomes of the first pair have arm ratios 1.01 and 1.29 respectively, and The first pair has one chromosome carrying a satellite attached to the short arm, showing heterozyosity .The chromosome num ber of 2n= 16 in P. odoratum and its karyotype are reported for the first time.
The other from Langyashan, Chu - xian, Anhui, is found to have 2n = 18 = 10m (Isc)+2sm+6st(2sc) (Plate 1: C, D). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 2. The chromosomes range in length from 2.43 to 8.29μm, with the total length 46.67µm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.41. The karyotype is also of 2B. In a somatic chromosome complement the 2nd pair have one chromosome carrying a satellite attached to the long arm, showing heterozygosity.
2. Polygonatum filipes Merr.
Two materials were examined. One from the Huangshan, Anhui is found to have two cytotypes: 2n= 16 and 2n=22. This paper reports one of them. The karyotype formula is 2n=22=8m+8sm(2sc)+6st(Plate 3: Q, R). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 3. The chromosomes range in length from 2.55- 5.85μm, with the total length 45.01 μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.29. The karyotype belongs to 3B.
The other material from the Fangchang, Anhui, is shown to have four cytitypes: 2n= 14, 2n= 16, 2n=20 (Plate 3: W) and 2n=22. This paper reports two of them.
Type I: the karytype formula is 2n=14=10m+4sm (Plate 3: S, T). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 5. The chromosomes range in length from 2.59 to 7.61μm, the total length 37.44μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest is 2.94. the karyotype belongs to 2B.
Type II :The karyotype formula is 2n=16=8m+4sm+4st (Plate 3: U, V).
The idiogram is shown in Fig. 4. The chromosomes range in length from 2.65 to
8.21 μm, the total length 46.01 μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest
3.10. The karyotype belongs to 2B.
The chromosome numbers of 2n=20, 2n= 14 and 2n=22, and karyotype of
2n= 14 and 2n=22 in P. filipes are reported for the first time.
3. Polygonatum cytonema Hua
Two materials were examined. One from the Langyashan, Chuxian, anhui, is found to have 2n = 18 = 8m (2sc)+ 6sm+ 4st (Plate 2: K, L). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 7. The chromosomes range in length from 3.41 to 9.21 μm, the total length 56.34μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest is 2.70. The karyotype belongs to 2B.
The other material from the Huangshan, Anhui, has two cytotypes: 2n=20 and 2n= 22. Type I: The karyotype formula is 2n= 20= 8m+ 6sm+ 6st (Plate 2: M, N). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 8. The chromosomes range in length from 1.75 to 5.03μm, with the total length 32. 91μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2. 87. The karyotype is also of 2B. Type II: The karyotype formula is 2n=22=6m+ 8sm+4st+ 4t (Plate 2: O, P ). The idiogram is Shown in Fig. 10. The chromosomes range in length from 1.75 to 4.95 μm, with total length 35.05μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.83. The karyotype brlongs to 3B.
4. Polygonatum desoulayi kom.
The material from Xuancheng, Anhui, is found to have karyotype 2n = 22 = 10m (2sc) + 6sm (lsc) + 6st ( Plate 2. I, J). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 6. The chromosomes range in length from 1.86 to 5.61μm, with the total length 41.98μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.02. The karyotype is also of 3B. The first pair has one chromosome carrying a satellite attached to the long arm, showing heterozygosity. The chromosome number and karyotype of Chinese material are reported for the first time.
5. Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) All. The material from the Langyashan, Chuxian, Anhui is found to have two cytotypes. Type 1: the karyotype formula is 2n = 18 = 2m+ 2sm+ 10st+ 2t+ 2T (Plate 1: G, H). The idiogram is shown in Fig.9. The chromosomes range in length from 1.86 to 4.03μm, with total length 28.28μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.17. The karyotype classification belongs to 3B. Type II: The karyotype formula is 2n=24=6m+4sm+12st+2T (Plate 1: E, F). The idiogram is shown in Fig. II. The chromosomes range in length from 2.01 to 5.03μm, with total length 41.36μm and the ratio of longest to shortest 2.50. The karyotype is also of 3B. The chromosome numbers and karyotypes of Chinese material are reported for the first time. 相似文献
5.
This paper reports chromosome numbers and karyotypes of five species of the genus Fritillaria from south Anhui. The origin of the material used in this work is provided in
Table 1, micrographs of mitotic metaphase in Plate 1,2, and the parameters of chromosomes
in Table 2. Except F. thunbergii Miq., the karyotypes and chromosome numbers of all the
species in this paper were studied for the first time. The results are shown as follows:
1. Fritillaria qimenensis D. C. Zhang et J. Z. Shao
Collected from Qimen, Anhui, it has the karyotype formula 2n = 24+4Bs = 3m+lsm+8st
(2sc)+12t (2sc)+4Bs (Plate 1:1, 2). The chromosomes range in length 8.72-19.13μm, with the
ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.19. Therefore, the karyotype belongs to Stebbins’
(1971) 3B. The secondary constrictions are found on the long arms of 7th and 10th pairs. All
the five B-chromosomes are of terminal centromeres. The two chromosomes of the second
pair show heteromorphy (Fig. 1, E) with arm ratios 1.86 and 1.56 respectively.
2. Fritillaria monantha Miq. var. tonglingensis S. C. Chen et S. F. Yin
Collected from Tongling, Anhui, this species is shown to have three chromosome numbers, 2n =24+5Bs, 2n=24+2Bs and 2n=24. This paper reports 2 cytotypes: Type I:
2n = 24+5Bs = 4m+8st (2sc) +12t (2sc) +5Bs (Plate 1: 3, 4). The chromosomes range in length
from 10.40 to 22.19μm, with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.13. It belongs to 3B of
stebbins’(1971) karyotypic symmetry. The secondary constrictions are found on the short
arms of 7th and the long arms of 9th chromosome pairs. The metacentric B-chromosomes
and the small satellites located on the short arms are major characters of this cytotype. Type
II: 2n=24=2m+2sm+8st(2sc)+12t(2sc) (Plate 1:5, 6). The chromosomes range in length
from 13.84 to 29.81μm, with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.15. The karyotype belongs to Stebbins’3B. The secondary constrictions are found on the long arms of 5th and
10th pairs. No B-chromosomes are found.
3. Fritillaria xiaobeimu Y. K. Yang, J. Z. Shao et M. M. Fang
Collected from Ningguo, Anhui, it has karyotype formula 2n = 24 = 2m+2sm+10st (4sc)
+ 10t (Plate 2:7, 8). The chromosomes range in length from 13.86 to 26.27μm, with the ratio
of the longest to the shortest 1.89. The karyotype belongs to stebbins’3A. The secondary
constrictions are found on the long arms of 7th and 9th pairs.
4. Fritillaria ningguoensis S. C. Chen et S. F. Yin
Collected from Ningguo, Anhui, it is of karyotype formula 2n = 24 = 2m+2sm+8st (2sc)
+12t (Plate 2: 9, 10). The chromosomes range in length from 9.11 to 23.23μm, with the ratio
of the longest to the shortest 2.55. The karyotype belongs to Stebbins’3B. The secondary
constrictions are only found on the long arms of the 10 th pair.
5. Fritillaria thunbergii Miq.
Collected from Ningguo, Anhui, it is of karyotype formula 2n = 24 = 2m+2sm+8st(2sc)
+12t(2sc)(Plate 2:11, 12). The chromosomes range in length from 8.83 to 19.85μm, with the
ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.25. The karyotype belongs to stebbins’3B. There are
secondary constrictions on the long arms of 5th and 7th pairs. The karyotype of the Ningguo
material is similar to that of the Huoqiu (Anhui) material reported by Xu Jin-lin et al.
(1987), but it is obviously different from 2n=2m(sc)+2sm+4st(2sc)+16t (2sc) reported byZhai et al. (1985) for the material from Xingjiang, Northwest China. 相似文献
6.
长毛红山茶和长尾红山茶的核型分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
<正> 长毛红山茶(Camelliav uillosa Chang et S.Y.Liang)和长尾红山茶(C.longicaudata Chang et S.Y.Liang)均为张宏达教授定的新种,分别隶属于山茶属(Camellia)红山茶组(Sect.Camellia)的滇山茶亚组(Subsect.Reficulala)和光果红山茶亚组(Subsect.Lucidissima),前者分布在我国的湖南、广西和贵州,后者分布在广东和广西。 红山茶组共有33个种、1个亚种,7个变种。根据文献资料统计,该组作过染色体计数的有10个种,1个亚种和6个变种,作过核型分析的有4个种、1个亚种和2个变种。本文对该组的长毛红山茶和长尾红山茶的核型作首次报道,并与该组的10个种,1个亚种和6个变种的染色体数目或核型作了比较。 相似文献
7.
Cytotaxonomically investigated in this work were 6 species in 4 genera of
Polygonateae (sensu Krause, 1930). Each species was karyotypically analysed using 5 somatic metaphase cells with well-spread chromosomes. The chromosome classification follows
Levan et al. (1964) and the karyotype classification is according to Stebbins (1971). The materials used are listed in the Appendix and the vouchers are deposited in PE. The chromosome
numbers and karyotypes of Disporum megalanthum and Disporopsis aspera are reported here
for the first time, and those of Chinese Maianthemum bifolium are also reported for the first
time. The results are shown as follows.
(1) Disporum Salisb. D. megalanthum Wang et Tang from tthe Wolong
Nature Reserve, Sichuan, is found to have a karyotype 2n=16=2m(1SAT)+6sm(1SAT)+8st
(3SAT) (Plate I, A). The parameters of chromosomes are listed in Table 1 and the idiogram
is shown in Fig. 1, A. The chromosomes range in length from 8.5 to 29.3 μm, with the ratio
of the longest to the shortest 3.45. The karyotype belongs to Stebbins' (1971) 3B. In a somatic
chromosome complement the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 7th pairs each have one chromosome carrying
a satellite, showing heterozygosity.
Another material from the Qinling Range, Shaanxi, is shown to have 2n=16=2m(1SAT)
+8sm(3SAT)+6st (Plate 1, B). The parameters of chromosomes are listed in Table 1 and
the idiogram is presented in Fig. 1, B. The chromosomes range in length from 6.3 to
22.6μm, with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.61, and thus the karyotype belongs to
3B. The karyotype shows clear heterozygosity (Fig. 1, B). The two chromosomes of the first
pair have arm ratios 2.38 and 1.82 respectively, but they are equal in length, 22.6 μm. It seems
to us that a pericentric inversion has taken place in one of the two chromosomes. Moreover,
the 3rd and 4th pairs each have one chromosome carrying a satellite attached to the long arm.
These two materials are of the basically same karyotype, the major difference between
them being that the 3rd pair in the former consists of two st chromosomes with the arm ratio
3.15, while the corresponding pair in the other is of two m chromosomes with an arm ratio
1.67.
Seven East-Asian species of the genus Disporum are reported to have 2n=14, 16 and 18
(or 16+2B?), but 2n=16 is common to all the species, and therefore the basic number of the
group is x=8. For the North American group of the genus, however, 3 species (D. hookeri,
D. lanuginosum, D. oreganum) are of 2n=18, D. smithii is of 2n=16, and D. maculatum
2n=12. Chromosome numbers are more variable in the North American group, but x=9 seems
to be a dominant basic number. Even more striking difference in karyotype between the
two groups exists in size of chromosomes, 2.0-4.9μm.for the North American group, while 4.016.0 μm for the East-Asian counterpart (Therman, 1956) (Our result shows 6.3-22.6 μm and
8.5-29.3 μm for the two materials). This remarkable contrast in karyotype is clearly correlated with the differentiation in gross morphology. The East-Asian species have calcarate tepals
but no reticulate veins of leaves, whereas the North American ones have reticulate veins but
spurless tepals. The evidence from karyotype and morphology seems to justify the restoration
of the genus Prosartes for the Nortth American species (Conover, 1983, cf. Dahlgren et al.
1985).
(2) Disporopsis Hance D. pernyi (Hua) Diels from Mapien, Sichuan, is of
2n = 40 = 23m(2SAT)+13sm(2SAT) + 2st+ 2t(2SAT) (Plate 1, C). The parame-
ters of chromosomes are listed in Table 2, and the idiogram is shown in Fig. 2, A.
The chromosomes range in length 5.2-16.2μm, with the ratio of the longest to the
shortest 3.11, and thus the karyotype belongs to 2B.
D. aspera (Hua) Engl. ex Krause also from Mapien, Sichuan, is found to have
2n=40=30m+8sm(2SAT)+2t(2SAT) (Plate 1,D). The parameters of chromosomes are listed
in Table 2, and the idiogram is shown in Fig. 2, B. The chromosomes range in length 5.2-14.7 μm, with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.84. Therefore, the karyotype belongs to
2B. Another material from the same locality but different population was also examined and
found to have 2n=40=30m+6sm+2st(2SAT) (Fig. 2, C).
D. arisanensis (=D. pernyi) from Taiwan is reported to have 2n=40=26m+12sm+2st
(Chang and Hsu, 1974), D. fusco-picta from the Philippines 2n=40=22m+16sm+2st(2SAT)
(Kumar and Brandham, 1974), and D. longifolia from Thailand 2n=40 (Larsen, 1963). Thus,
the species in the genus, except the newly described D. jingfushanensis Z. Y. Liu (1987) with
no chromosome data, are all of 2n = 40, and the basic number of the genus is x = 20. From
the karyotype formulae, asymmetry of the karyotypes increases from D. aspera to D. fusco-picta
through D. pernyi, which may be correlated with the increasing specialization of gross morphology.
(3) Maianthemum Web. M. bifolium (L.) F. W. Schmidt from the Qinling
Range, Shaanxi, is found to have 2n = 36 = 20m + 10sm + 4st + 2t (2SAT) (Plate
1, H). The parameters of the chromosomes are listed in Table 3, and the idiogram
is shown in Fig. 3, D. The chromosome lengths range 2.4-8.2μm, with the ratio
of the longest to the shortest 3.43. The karyotype thus belongs to 2B, and is slightly bimodal: the first 10 pairs and the pair of sat chromosomes are larger than the
rest 7 pairs, the ratio of the shortest in the former group to the longest in the latter
group being 1.24.
(4) Polygonatum Mill. P. humile Fisch. ex Maxim. from Chicheng County,
Hebei, is shown to have a karyotype 2n= 20= 10m(2SAT)+6sm(2SAT)+ 4st
(Plate 1, G). The parameters of chromosomes are listed in Table 4, and the haploid idiogram is shown in Fig. 3, C. The chromosome lengths range from 3.0 to 10.0μm with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.3. The karyotype therefore belongs to 2B.
P. odoratum (Mill.) Druce Two materials in this species were examined. One from
Chicheng County, Hebei, has 2n=20=10m+10sm(3SAT) (Plate 1, E). The parameters of
chromosomes are presented in Table 4 and the somatic idiogram in Fig. 3, A. The chromosomes range in length 3.1-8.8 μm, with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.8. The karyotype is thus of 2B. The other from the Qinling Range, Shaanxi, is found to have 2n=20=
12m(4SAT)+8sm(2SAT) (Plate 1, F). The parameters of chromosomes are listed in Table
4, and the haploid idiogram is shown in Fig. 3, B. The chromosomes range in length 4.2-10.9 μm, with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.6. The karyotype is also of 2B.
P. odoratum is widely distributed in Eurasian temperate region and its cytological reports
are frequently seen. All the materials outside of China, from Portugal to Japan, are reported
to have 2n=20, except one material from east Sayan in SE Siberia, which is reported to have
2n=30 (Krogulevich, 1978). In China, however, three chromosome numbers have so far been
reported under the name P. odoratum, 2n=20 from the Changbai Mountains, Jilin Province
(Fang, 1989), Qinlong County, Hebei Province (Wang et al. 1987), the Jinfo Mountains, Sichuan Province (in cultivation), besides the two materials used in this work; 2n=22 from Mt.
Jinshan in Beijing (Li, 1980), Wuhan in Hubei Province, Yixin in Jiangsu Province and Mt.
Emei in Sichuan Province (Fang, 1989); 2n=18 from Yixin in Jiangsu Province and the Dabien
Mountains in Anhui Province (Fang, 1989). It is, therefore, rather evident that the species
under discussion is variable in chromosome number only in the southern part of its distribution
area. Karyotypical morphology is also variable in this species. The 2n=20 group is found to
have following karyotypes: 12m(4SAT)+8sm (in Austria, Hong et al. unpubl.), 14m+6sm
(Jilin): 12m+8sm (Qinlong, Hebei): 10m+10sm (3SAT) (Chicheng, Hebei): 12m(4SAT)+
8sm(2SAT) (Shaanxi) and 10m+6sm+4st(Mt. Jinfo, Sichuan). For the 2n=18 group, 10m+
8sm (Anhui) and 8m+10sm (Jiangsu) have been found. In the 2n=22 group these karyotype
formulae so far reported are all 10m+8sm+4st. Comparing the karyotypes in the three groups
we find that 4st chromosomes are always present in the 2n=22 group, while in the other two
groups, except the karyotype 10m+6sm+4st found from the Jinfo Mountains in Sichuan, all
the karyotypes consist of m and sm chromosomes.
Based on the correlation between karyotypical data and cryptic morphological differences
Wang et al. (1988) consider Polygonatum odoratum as a complex, which consists of three
species: Polygonatum odoratum (s. str. 2n=20), P. macropodium Turcz. (2n=22) and P. simi-zui Kitag. (2n=18). But in this complex biosystematic problems, such as relationship between chromosome number and chromosome structure, evolutionary relationship of the different chromosome numbers, relationship between means of reproduction (extent of vegetative propagation) and karyotype variation are still unresolved and deserve further studies.
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相似文献
8.
In the present paper the karyotypes of Smilacina tatsienensis (Franch.) Wang
et Tang and Ophiopogon japonicus (L. f.) Ker.- Gawl. in Sichuan were analysed. The karyotypes of the two species are reported for the first time. The results are shown as follows.
Smilacina tatsienensis (Franch.) Wang et Tang is a dipoiid. Its karyotype formula is
2n=2x=36=16m+10sm+10st(4SAT) (Plate 1: Fig. 1, 3). The karyotype is bimodal with ten
large and eight small chromosome pairs and the length ratio of the tenth pair to the eleventh
being 1.33. The length ratio of the largest chromosome and the smallest one is 4.33. Ophiopogon japonicus (L.f.) Ker.-Gawl. is a mixoploid, with diploid, triploid and tetraploid cells in a single plant. The karyotype formula of the diploid is 2n=2x=36=18m (4SAT)+18sm(Plate 1: Fig. 2, 4). The species is of a bimodal karyotype with eight large and ten small chromosome pairs and the length ratio to the eighth pair and the ninth being 1.10.There are nine metacentric pairs (two pairs of sat-chromosomes) and nine submetacentric pairs. 相似文献
9.
The chromosome numbers and karyotypes of 7 species of Smilax L. in Liliaceae (s. 1.) are cytotaxonomically studied in this work. Their karyotypic characters, distinction between the species and the chromosomal basis of sexual differentiation are discussed. The karyotypes of most species are first reported. The results are shown as follows (see Tables
1-4 for the chromosome parameters and the karyotype constitution; Fig. 1 for their idiograms): 1. Smilax nipponica Miq. The species is one of the herbaceous species distributed in East Asia. Two karyotypes, 2n = 26(type A) and 2n = 32 (type B), are found in the species (Plate 1: 1-7). The karyotype of No. 88032 (uncertain of -L--M--S- sexuality) is 2n = 26 = 2m + 6st + 6m + 4sm + 6sm + 2st. The karyotype has 4 pairs of L chromosomes, of which the first three pairs are subterminal, and the 4th
is median. The karyotype belongs to 3B. No. 88045 (the male) and No. 88046
(the female) have 2n = 32. Their karyotypes are basically uniform, and both are -L--M-- S
2n=32= 2m+4sm+ 2st+ 2m+4sm+ 6m+ 10sm + 2st, also with 4 pairs of L
chromosomes, but the 2nd pair is median, and thus different from the type A. The
karyotype belongs to 3B. The first pair of chromosomes of the male are distinctly
unequal in length, with the D. V. (0.93) of relative length between them obviously
greater than that of the female (0.1). The pair seems to be of sex-chromosomes.
Sixteen bivalents (n= 16) were observed at PMCs MI of No. 88045 (Plate 1: 4).
The major difference between the karyotypes A and B are greater relative length
of L chromosomes in the type A than in the type B, and the increase of chromosome number in the karyotype B mainly due to the increase of st chromosomes. Nakajima (1937)reports 2n= 30 for S. hederacea var. nipponica (=S. nipponica,
Wang and Tang, 1980).
2. S. riparia A. DC. This species is also herbaceous, distributed in East Asia. Thirty chromosomes were found in root-tip cells (uncertain of sexuality). The kar -L--M--S-yotype is 2n = 30 = 8st + 6sm + 2st + 6m + 6sm + 2st (Plate 3: 1, 5), consisting
mainly of sm and st chromosomes. There are 4 pairs of L chromosomes which are
all subterminal and the m chromosomes appear to fall all into S category. Though
the karyotype belongs to 3B, it is less symmetrical than that of S. nipponica. The
species is karyologically rather different from S. nipponica, therefore. The first pair
of chromosomes of this material are unequal in length, and it may be a male. The
karyotype of this species is first reported.
3. S. sieboldii Miq. The species is a thorny climbing shrub, distributed in
East Asia. At PMCs All, 16 chromosomes (n= 16) were found (Plate 2: 6), in
accordance with Nakajima's (1933) report for a Japanese material.
4. S. china L. This species, a thorny climbing shrub, is of a wide distribution range mainly in East Asia and Southeast Asia. Two karyotypes were observed
in different populations. (1) The population from Xikou has 2n = 96(6x) = 20st+L- -M- 6t + 6sm + 12st + 52(S) (Plate 3:7), of which the first three pairs of chromosomes are terminal, different from those in the other species. The arm ratios of
both L and M chromosomes are larger than 2.0, which resembles those of S. davidiana. (2) PMCs MI of the population from Shangyu shew 15 chromosomes (n
15). The hexaploid of the species is recorded for the first time. Hsu (1967,1971)
reported 2n = 30 from Taiwai and Nakajima (1937) recorded n = 30 from Japan,
which indicates that the karyotype of the species varies not only in ploidy, but
also in number.
5. S. davidiana A. DC. The somatic cells were found to have 32 chromosomes, and PMCs MI shew 16 bivalents (Plate 2: 1-5). The karyotype is 2n = 32=-L- -M- -S 8st + 4sm + 4st + 8sm + 8st. The karyotype belongs to 3B, and is less symmetrical than those in herbaceous species. The D. V. (0.20) of relative length between
the two homologues of the first pair is slightly larger in the male than in the female (0.14), and it is thus difficult to determine whether they are sexual chromosomes or not.
6. S. glabra Roxb. The species is a non-thorny climbing shrub, distributed
in East Asia and Southeast Asia. 32 chromosomes were found in somatic cells. The
-L- -M- - Skaryotype is 2n= 32= 8st + 10st+6sm+8st (Plate 3: 2, 6),with only 3 pairs
of sm chromosomes (12, 13 and 16th). The karyotype is more asymmetric than
that of S. davidiana, although it is also of 3B (Table 1). The karyotype is first
reported for the species.
7. S. nervo-marginata Hay. var. liukiuensis (Hay.) Wang et Tang The variety
has a relatively narrow distribution range, mainly occurring in eastern China. The
chromosomal number of somatic cells is 2n= 32 (Plate 3: 3-4). The karyotype is
-L- -M- -S
2n = 32 = 2sm + 6st + 2sm + 2st + 2m + 6sm + 12st, evidently different from that
of S. glabra. The first pair of chromosomes are submedian, and much longer than
the 2nd to 4th pairs. The ratio in length of the largest chromosome to the smallest
one is 4.3. The symmetric degree is of 3C, a unique type. The karyotype of the
species is reported for the first time.
In Smilax, the known basic numbers are 13, 15, 16 and 17. The two herbaceous species
distributed in East Asia have three basic numbers: 13, 15 and 16, while the woody species studied mainly have 16, with no 13 recorded. Mangaly (1968) studied 8 herbaceous species in North
America and reported 2n=26 for them except S. pseudo-china with 2n=30. Mangaly considered that a probably ancestral home of Smilax, both the herbaceous and woody, is in Southeast
Asia and the eastern Himalayas, and speculated that the ancestral type of Sect. Coprosmanthus is possibly an Asian species, S. riparia. The karyotypes of the two herbaceous species in
East Asia consist mostly of sm and m chromosomes, whereas those for the North American
species are all of st chromosomes. Based on the general rule of karyotypic evolution, i.e. from
symmetry to asymmetry, his speculation seems reasonable.
Researches on sex-chromosomes of Smilax have been carried out since 1930 (Lindsay, 1930;
Jensen, 1937; Nakajima, 1937; Mangaly, 1968), and they are generally considered to be the
largest pair, but there is still no adequate evidence. The result of our observation on S. nipponica
may confirm that the first pair of chromosomes of this species is XY type of sex-chromosomes.
Chromosomes of the genus are small and medium-sized, varying between 1-6 μm, slightly
larger in herbaceous species than in woody ones, larger in the karyotype of 2n=26 than in
that of 2n=32. Based on karyotype constitution of the above 5 species, the karyotype in the
genus is characterized by 4 pairs of L chromosomes and 2-5 pairs of M chromosomes, and
mostly st and sm chromosomes, and by rather asymmetrical 3B type. The degree of symmetry
in the above 5 species is from Sect. Coprosmanthus to Sect. Coilanthus, and herbaceous species towoody ones. 相似文献
10.
报道东北蒿属艾组12种植物的染色体数及核型资料,结果如下:宽叶山蒿(Artemisia stolonifera (Maixm.)Komar.)2n=4x=36=28m 4sm(4SAT) 4st(4SAT);野艾蒿(A.lavandulaefolia DC)2n=2x=50=40m 4sm 6st(6SAT); 矮蒿(A.lancea Van.)2n=2x=16=10m 4sm 2st;蒙古蒿(A.mongolica (fisch.ex Bess.)Nakai]2n=2x=16=14m 2st;红足蒿(A.rubripes Nakai)2n=2x=16=14m 2st;歧茎蒿(A.igniaria Maixm.)2n=2x=34=28m 2sm 4st(4SAT);柳叶蒿(A.integrifolia Linn.)2n=4x=36=20m 12sm 4st;线叶蒿(A.subula 4st(4SAT);柳叶蒿(A.integrifolia Linn.)2n=4x=36=20m 12sm 4st;线叶蒿(A.subulata Nakai)2n=2x=16=14m 2st;高岭蒿(A.brachyphylla Kitam.)2n=2x=18=14m 2sm 2st;林文稿[A.uiridissima(Komar.)Pamp.]2n=2x=18=14m 4sm;奄癌(A.keiskeana Miq.)2n=2x=18=16m 2sm;阴地蒿(A.sylvatica Maxim.)2n=2x=16=14m 2sm,核型对称性野艾蒿(A.lavandulaefolia)为2B型,其余均为2A型,依据核型资料对个别种的演化 分类进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
11.
六种犁头尖属植物(天南星科)的核型研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
报道了 6种 8个居群犁头尖属 ( Typhonium Schott)植物的核型 ,其结果如下 :( 1 )独角莲 ( T.gigan-teum)北京居群 2 n=4 x=5 2 =4 4m+ 7sm+ 1 st;( 2 )鞭檐犁头尖 ( T.flagelliforme)金平居群 2 n=3x=2 4 =3m+ 9sm( 4 SAT) + 1 2 st,河内居群 2 n=4 x=32 =7m+ 2 0 st+ 4sm+ 1 t;( 3)单籽犁头尖 ( T. calcicolum)西畴居群2 n=4 x=5 2 =2 1 sm+ 2 3m( 5 SAT) + 8st;( 4 )犁头尖 ( T.blumei)重庆居群 2 n=4 x=5 2 =4 0 m( 1 SAT) + 1 2 sm( 3SAT) ;( 5 )马蹄犁头尖 ( T.trilobatum)西双版纳居群 2 n=2 x=1 8=4 sm( 2 SAT) + 1 2 m+ 2 st,河内居群 2 n=2 x=1 8=2 st+ 9m+ 7sm;( 6 )金慈菇 ( T. roxburgii)个旧居群 2 n=2 x=1 8=8sm+ 1 0 m( 2 SAT)。其中鞭檐犁头尖 2 n=2 4、32 ,金慈菇 2 n=1 8均为首次报道 ,同时分析讨论了本属植物染色体基数和倍性的多样性及其可能的原始基数 相似文献
12.
杨继;汪劲武;李懋学 《武汉植物学研究》1988,6(4):311-314
本文对四川金佛山地区4种黄精属植物的核型进行了研究,其结果为:滇黄精:2n=26=6m+12sm(2SAT)+8st(2SAT);距药黄精:2n=26=10m+4sm+12st;垂叶黄精:2n=30=14m(2SAT)+4sm+10st+2t、2n=28=14m+6sm+6st+2t;湖北黄精:2n=30=12m+8sm+10st、2n=28=6m+10sm+10st+2t、2n=22=2m+12sm 8st。通过与其它地区黄精属植物染色体数目与形态的比较,发现本地区所有种类的染色体数目普遍偏高,无论在染色体基数或染色体形态上都比较接近喜马拉雅山地区分布的种类。从实验结果进一步看出了黄精属的染色体变异是相当明显的,并主要表现为非整倍性变异;在有些情况下,染色体数目与结构的变异能与某些形态学特征相联系。 相似文献
13.
本文对四川金佛山地区4种黄精属植物的核型进行了研究,其结果为:滇黄精:2n=26=6m+12sm(2SAT)+8st(2SAT);距药黄精:2n=26=10m+4sm+12st;垂叶黄精:2n=30=14m(2SAT)+4sm+10st+2t、2n=28=14m+6sm+6st+2t;湖北黄精:2n=30=12m+8sm+10st、2n=28=6m+10sm+10st+2t、2n=22=2m+12sm 8st。通过与其它地区黄精属植物染色体数目与形态的比较,发现本地区所有种类的染色体数目普遍偏高,无论在染色体基数或染色体形态上都比较接近喜马拉雅山地区分布的种类。从实验结果进一步看出了黄精属的染色体变异是相当明显的,并主要表现为非整倍性变异;在有些情况下,染色体数目与结构的变异能与某些形态学特征相联系。 相似文献
14.
The paper identified and compared the karyotypes of 10 species(varieties) of Populus sectTacamhaca.The results were as follows:Ppseudo simonii Kitag.2n=38=27m+6sm(1SAT)+4st(2SAT)+1t(1SAT);Ptrichocarpa Torr.2n=38=2M+18m(1SAT)+8sm+10st(1SAT);Pcathayana Rehd.var.Beijing 2n=38=1M+24m+6sm+7st(2SAT);Pבpopularis’ 2n=38=3M+27m+2sm(1SAT)+4st(2SAT)+2t(1SAT);Pcathayana Rehd.var.Wutai 2n=38=5M+22m+4sm+5st+2t(2SAT);Pcathayana Rehd.var.Gansulinxiaman 2n=38=2M+28m+1sm+7st(1SAT);Pcathayana Rehd.var.Qinghai 2n=38=1M+27m+3sm+6st(3SAT)+1t(1SAT);Pcathayana×Zhongqing 10 2n=38=1M+26m+4sm+5st(2SAT)+2t(2SAT);Pcathayana×Zhongqing 48 2n=38=16m+10sm(1SAT)+10st(2SAT)+2t(1SAT).The results showed definite karyotype differences among the species of Tacamhaca.The karyotypes of most species(varieties) are made of m and sm and a few with st and t chromosomes.The karyotypes of Tacamhaca were all of 2B type of Stebbins.This study provided important basic data for taxon of Populus. 相似文献
15.
对我国辽宁地区毛莨科(Ranunculaceae)乌头属(Aconitum) 6个种的染色体的数目和形态进行了研究,并进行了核型分析。其染色体基数为X=8,核型公式为:两色乌头:2n=2x=2m+10sm+4st;蛇岛乌头为:2n=4x=10m+20sm(SAT)+2st+2B;黄花乌头为:2n=4x=4m+12sm(SAT)+8st+1B;北乌头三倍体为:2n=3x=2M+4m+18sm;北乌头4倍体为2n=4x=4m+28sm。同时,对乌头属下某些种的分类学问题进行了探讨。 相似文献
16.
角蒿属6个种的核形态学研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
对紫葳科角蒿属(Incarvillea)6种植物(其中两头毛Incarvillen arguta包括红花和白花2个类型)进行了核形态学研究,它们的间期核均为简单染色中心型,前期染色体为中国型,体细胞中期染色体数目均为2n=22,核型公式分别为:(1)两头毛(红花类型)Incanillea ar-guta(Red-flower form)2n=22=14m (2SAT) 8sm(lSAT),着丝点端化值(T.C.%)为62.71%,臂指数(N.F.值)为44;(la)两头毛(白花类型I.arguta(White-flower form)2n=22=16sm(lSAT) 6st,T.C.%值为70.62%,N.F值为38;(2)鸡肉参I.mairei 2n=22=6m 8sm(lSAT) 8st,T.C.%值为70.07%,N.F.值为36;(3)红波罗花I.delavayi 2n=22=10m 6sm 6st,T.C.%值为61.33%,N.F.值为38;(4)单叶波罗花I.forrestii2n=22\4m 8sm 10st(lSAT).T.C.%值为73.10%,N.F.值为34;(5)中甸角蒿I.zhongdianensis2n=22=4m 8sm 10st,T.C.%值为72.31%,N.F.值为34;(6)黄波罗花I.lutea2n=22=4m 8sm(2SAT) 10st,T.C.%值为69.47%,N.F.值为34。上述几种植物中,除两头毛(红花类型)的核型不对称性为2A型外,其余几种的核型不对称性都属于3A型,本文观察的6种植物的核形态结构均为首次报道。 相似文献
17.
加拿大引进的二倍体燕麦种质的核型鉴定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用常规压片法对砂燕麦、西班牙燕麦和短燕麦3个二倍体燕麦种进行了核型研究。结果表明:砂燕麦染色体核型公式为2n=2x=14=10m+4sm(2SAT),具近中部和中部着丝点染色体,第4对染色体组的短臂上有1对随体,核不对称系数为68.17%;西班牙燕麦染色体核型公式为2n=2x=14=10m+4sm(2SAT),具近中部和中部着丝点染色体,第7对染色体短臂上有1对随体,核不对称系数为59.31%;短燕麦染色体核型公式为2n=2x=14=6m+4sm+4st(2SAT),具近端部、近中部和中部着丝点染色体,第6对染色体组的短臂上有1对随体,核不对称系数为63.91%。虽然3个燕麦种的核型均为2A,但它们的染色体形态有明显不同,比较认为砂燕麦相对进化,短燕麦次之,西班牙燕麦较原始。本研究对燕麦种质资源的核型分析及进化地位研究具有参考价值。 相似文献
18.
赖草属5个种的核型与进化 总被引:15,自引:2,他引:13
报道了国产赖草属5个种的核型,即大赖草,2n=4x=28=24m(2SAT)+4sm(2SAT);粗穗赖草2n=4x=28=22m(2SAT)+4sm+2st(2SAT);若羌赖草,2n=4x=28=20m(4SAT)+6sm+2st(2SAT);羊草,2n=4x=28=22m(4SAT)+2sm+4st(4SAT);窄颖赖草,2n=4x=28=22m(2SAT)+4sm(2SAT)+2st(2S 相似文献
19.
Li Lin-Chu 《植物分类学报:英文版》1988,26(5):371-377
The present paper deals with the karyotypic analysis of Taxodium ascendens Brongn.
The somatic chromosomes in root-tip cells of the plant are found to be 2n =22, all with median
and submedian constrictions. A character of the karyotype is that the chromosome 10 has
a long kinetochore region (Plate 1:1). According to the terminology defined by Levan et al.[18],
the karyotype formula is k(2n)=22=20m+2sm, which is different to Huang et Hsu’s[8]
K(2n)=24=22m+2B(m). The karyotype belongs to “lA” of Stebbins’[24] karyotypic symmetry
and is generally regarded as a relatively primitive one. The species’ chromosome complement
is 2n=22=2L+8M2+12M1 according to I.R.L.difined by Kuo et al.[15] based on relative length.
The lengths, arm ratios and types of chromosomes of the species are given in Table 1-I. The
morphology of the chromosomes and the karyotype, are given in Plate 1:1.
In the light of the works of Schlarbaum et al.[21] and Mehra et al.[17], K(2n)=22=20m
(2SAT)+2sm and 2n=22=2L+6M2+14M1 are for T. distichum (L.) Rich. (see Table 1-II),
K(2n)=20m+2sm and 2n=22=4L+4M2+12M1+2S for T. mucronatum Tenore (see Table
1-III, Plate 1:2), which belong to “lA” and “2A” respectively.
The differences between three species in the ratio of the longest to the shortest chromosome,
I.R.L. and the proportion of chromosomes with arm ratio >2 show that the karyotype of T.
mucronatum is the most advanced and that of T. distichum the most primitive. The present
author suggests that the sequence of evolutionary advance be T. distichum, T. ascendens, T. mucronatum.
Based on the evidence from the karyotype analyses, ecology and geographical distribution
(including fossil), the secondary center of genetic diversity (Fig. 1) and the probable evolu-tionary pattern (Fig. 2) of Taxodium are discussed. 相似文献
20.
杨属派间核型比较研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
对杨属五派代表种的核型进行了分析,各代表种核型公式如下:欧洲山杨(白杨派)2n=2x=38=21m(2SAT)+4sm+13st(1SAT);小叶杨(青杨派)2n=2x=38=1M+26m(1SAT)+8sm(1SAT)+1st+2t(1SAT);大叶杨(大叶杨派)2n=2x=38=2M+22m+8sm+6st;胡杨(胡杨派)2n=2x=38=2M+23m+3sm+10st(2SAT);箭杆杨(黑杨派)2n=2x=38=3M+29m(2SAT)+5sm+1st。杨属派间核型差异主要表现在中部与次中部着丝点(M,m)和近端部与端部着丝点(st,t)染色体数目上。白杨派和胡杨派具较多的st、t染色体,核型不对称系数比其它派高。按Stebbins理论白杨派和胡杨派属进化类型。 相似文献