广东连阳谷田组植物化石及其意义

本文描述和讨论广东连阳地区谷田组地层的化石共14属18种,即:Paracalamites sp.,Annularia pingloensis(Sze)Gu er Zhi、Lobatannularia cathaysiana Yao、L.multifoliaKon'on et Asama、L.sp.、Schizonerua wangtangiana sp.nov.、Pecopteris hemitelioidesBrongn.、P.valida sp.nov.、Cladophlebis varia sp.nov.、Danaeites guangdongensis sp.nov.、Ptychocarpus unauriculatus sp.nov.、Odontopteris plicatoides sp.nov.、Neuropteri-diopsis longovata gen.et sp.nov.、Compsopteris contracta Gu et Zhi、Gigantonoclea cra-ssa sp.nov.、Gigantopterts?nicotianaefolia Schenk、G.parvipinnulata sp.nov.和 Rhipido-psis sp.等,其中有1新属、9新种和2未定种。谷田组顶部发现了早二叠世晚期的(竹蜓)类层,下段则与下伏的茅口组假整合。植物群的地质时代为早二叠世晚期。     

Some Fossil Plants from Gutian Formation of Lianyang,Guangdong Province and Their Significance

This paper deals with the fossil plants from Gutian Formation in Lianyang, Guangdong, totaling 14 genera and 18 species. They are: Paracalamites sp., Annularia pinglogensis (Sze) Gu et Zhi, Lobatannularia cathaysiana Yao, L. Multifolia Kon’on et Asama, L. sp., Schizoneura wangtangiana sp. nov., Pecopteris hemitelioides Brongn., P. valida sp. nov., Cladophlebis vavia sp. nov., Danaeites guangdongensis sp. nov., Ptychocarpus unauriculatus sp. nov., Odontopteris plicatoides sp. nov., Neuropteridiopsis longovata gen. et sp. nov., Compsopteris contracta Gu et Zhi, Gigantonoclea crassa sp. nov., Gigantopteris ?nicotianaefolia Schenk, G. parvipinnulata sp. nov. and Rhipidopsis sp. Among them one new genus, 9 new spp. and 2 undetermined spp. are described. According to the fusulinids lived in the late Early Permian era are descovered at the top of this Formation, the geological era of present flora must not be later than late Early Permian. Therefore, the geological era of Gutian Formation are certain to be the Late Early Permian.     

Some Fossil Plants of Thinnfeldia from the Jiuligang Formation in Jingmen-Dangyang Basin,Western Hubei

The genus Thinnfeldia was seldom reported in former geological literature from Hubei. In the present paper, the following fossil plants of Thinnfeldia from Hubei are collected for the first time: Thinnfeldia elegans (sp. nov.), T. nanzhangensis (sp. nov.), T. yuananensis (sp. nov.), from Late Triassic Jiuligang Formation of the Jingmen-Dangyang Basin. It is interesting to point that the Jiuligang flora has transational characters between Yanchang flora of North China and Anyun flora of South China of Late Triassic.     

吐鲁番-哈密盆地早二叠世晚期植物群

首次记述了吐鲁番－哈密盆地的早二叠世晚期植物１１属１３种（包括４新种和４未定种），这是一个以科达类及其相关属为主的安加拉植物群。典型的安加拉植物Ｖｏｊｎｏｖｓｋｙａ属的发现，不但在时代的判定上，而且在植物地理区划上都具重要意义。文中还对这一植物群的特征和时代问题作了简要讨论。     

Sur une flore a Glossopteropsida et Lycopsida de Namibie (Sud-Ouest Africain)

The study of imprints of fossil plants collected in the Permian from the country of Hammanskraal (Namibia) leads to the following identifications: Glossopteris sp., Gangamopteris sp., Noegerrathiopsis sp., Gondwanidium sp., Asterotheca sp. and Lycopodiopsis derbyiB. Renault, Lycopodiopsis costilatus n. sp., Brasilodendron pedroanum(W. Carruthers) W.G. Chaloner & alii, Brasilodendron africanum n. sp. This flora has affinities with some fossil floras from South Africa and from Brazil, and is, probably, of upper Permian age.     

Thecamoebians from Late Permian Gondwana sediments of peninsular India

The evolutionary history of thecamoebians (testate amoebae) extends back to the Neoproterozoic Era. However, until now, these have had a restricted, discontinuous and modest record across the world. The studied sediment of Raniganj Formation (Godavari Graben), Andhra Pradesh, India has been assigned as Late Permian on the basis of co-occurring age-diagnostic Late Permian palynomorphs. About sixteen thecamoebian species and one taxon incertae sedis have been recorded here in the palynological slides on the basis of shell morphology and morphometry. Out of these, five belong to the family Arcellidae, seven to Centropyxidae, two to Trigonopyxidae, one to Difflugiidae, one to Plagiopyxidae, and one is regarded incertae sedis. The morphometric characteristics of fossil forms resemble their corresponding extant species studied from ecologically diverse fresh water wetlands in India. In general, the ratio of shell diameter and aperture diameter of Late Permian fossil and extant specimens show significant correlation in all the studied species. Except that, the ratio of shell length and breadth is the distinguishing feature between Centropyxis aerophila and C. aerophila ‘sylvatica’, rather than the ratio of shell length and longest diameter of the shell aperture in both fossil and extant forms. The study elucidates the minimal morphological evolution in thecamoebians and their survival during mass extinction periods and stressful environmental conditions over the geological timescale.     

A New Genus (Protosciadopityoxylon gen. nov.) of Early Cretaceous Fossil Wood from Liaoning,China

A new genus ( Protosciadopityoxylon gen nov. ) of Early Cretaceous fossil wood reported in the present paper was discovered from Liaoning Province, China, and is named as a new species:Protosciadopityoxylon liaoningense gen. et sp. nov. It is described here and this generic name, adopted by the authors, is employed for fossil wood that is believed to be nearly related to the recent genus Sciadopitys and the fossil genus Sciadopityoxylon. The new genus bears some similarities to Protophyllocladoxylon,Protocircoporoxylon and Xenoxylon in different geological ages, but it differs from them in the types of cross-field pitting.     

西藏申扎地区中二叠世(竹蜓)类动物群

结合新采集的材料与前人研究,综合分析拉萨地块申扎永珠乡下拉组中类动物群的构成与时代,并将其与同期华南类动物群进行对比。分析结果表明,申扎下拉组的类动物群共16属(含1亚属,2存疑属),70种(含比较种与未定种),时代为茅口期,大致相当于Roadian阶上部至Wordian阶。与同期华夏区华南的类动物群相比,下拉组的类动物群在属种构成,尤其是优势类群方面差异显著,其主要特征为Neoschwagerinidae与Verbeekinidae两科的种级分异度很低,Chusenella与Nankinella占优势地位,且缺失了约60%华南的常见属。     

鄂东南晚二叠世菊石新材料

记述的菊石采自鄂东南大冶柯家湾晚二叠世大隆组,主要产于硅质页岩、硅质岩的灰岩透镜体中,共8属11种.此区大隆组仅相当于长兴阶的上部;Meitianoceras 在本区的出现,表明此属不仅分布于长兴阶的下部,也可延伸到长兴阶的上部.整个大隆组的化石,以自游生物为主,底栖类型很少.菊石中壳体大、壳面肋瘤发育者数量少,而壳饰弱、个体小者大量繁盛,呈现高丰度、低分异度的特点.保存化石的灰岩透镜体中具星散状的黄铁矿.本区晚二叠世晚期处于局部封闭的海湾环境.     

Middle Jurassic Flora from Shouthern Margin of Eerduosi Basin

This paper deals with some Middle Jurassic fossil plants from southern margin of the Eerduosi Basin. There are 36 species in 13 genus in this flora, i.e. Equisetum multi- dentatus Oishi, E. sp., Coniopteris hymenophylloides (Brongn.) Seward, C. bella Harris, C, burejensis (Zalessky) Seward, C. szeiana Choweet Yeh, C. tatungensis Sze, C. spp., Todites williamsoni (Brongn.) Seward, T. cf. williamsoni (Brongn.) Seward, Cladophle- bis asiatica Chow et Yeh, C. argutula (Heer) Fontaine, C. hsiehiana Sze, C. ( Gleichenites) takeyamae Oishi et Takahasi, C. cf. gracils Sze C. triangularis Oishi, C. grabauiana P’an C. cf punctata (Thoms) Chow et Yeh, C. spp., Baiera cf. concinna (Heer) Kawasaki, B. furcata (L. et H.) Braun, B. sp., Sphenobaiera longifolia (Pomel) Florin, Ginkgo obrutchewi Seward, G. sp., Phoenicopsis angustifolia Heer P. manchurica (Yo- koyama) Yabe, p. sp., Czekanowskia rigida Heer, C. sp., Pterphyllum sp., Elatocladus cf manchurica (Yokoyama) Yabe, E. sp., Podozamites lanceolatus (L. et. H.) Braun P. sp., Carpolithus sp. etc. The dominant groups of this flora are Filicopsida and Ginkgopsida. So it could be compared with the flora of Yanan Formation from inner Earduosi Basin and other floras from Northeast, Northwest and China, such as the floras of Dutung, Mentougon and Dongsheng etc. This flora is different from the Late Triassic flora and the Early Jurassic flora of North China. It belongs to the Coniopteris-Phoenicopsis flo- ra, which was assigned to Early-Middle Jurassic flora by Prof. Sze. But after studying, the authers believe that this flora should belong to Middle Jurassic rather than Early Jurassic. The climate was warm and damp in that time in North China.     

Annalepis, a pioneering lycopsid genus in the recovery of the Triassic land flora in South China

Fossil plants are scarce in the Earliest Triassic marine deposits of western Guizhou and eastern Yunnan. Only Annularia shirakii, Lobatannularia sp., Paracalamites stenocostatus, Gigantopteris sp., Pecopteris sp. were reported from the base of the Kayitou Formation dated as Early Induan by marine fauna. Recently, we discovered numerous representatives of the genus Annalepis in the same Lowermost Triassic beds: A. latiloba, A. brevicystis, A. angusta, Annalepis spp. occur associated with a basal Triassic marine fauna. This discovery fills the biostratigraphic gap between the Late Permian “Gigantonoclea guizhouensis-Ullmannia cf. bronnii-Annularia pingloensis” and the late Lower Triassic “Neuropteridium–Albertia–Voltzia” assemblages reported from South China. It represents an important datum dealing with the very beginning of a new terrestrial flora installation after the Permian flora disappearance following the Permian–Triassic boundary mass extinction. This “starting point” of a new vegetal cover in South China is to be taken into account in reconstructing through space and time the settlement process of the Mesozoic floristic provinces.     

甘肃永昌早二叠世两种科达叶的微细构造及古大气CO_2浓度重建

角质层微细构造是鉴定植物属种的重要特征之一,近年来又在古气候恢复中得到广泛应用。从甘肃永昌下二叠统采获了角质层保存较好的两种科达叶化石,详细分析了表皮微细构造特征,并结合其外形特征进行了属种鉴定:其中一种鉴定为淮南科达(Cordaites huainanensis Chen),另建立了一新种,命名为永昌科达(Cordaites yongchangensis sp.nov.)。本文选取与化石标本的宏观形态和角质层微观形态较为相似的长叶竹柏(Podocarpus fleuryi Hickel)作为其现存最近对应种,初次尝试利用化石气孔特征重建了甘肃永昌早二叠世的古大气CO2浓度。     

吐鲁番-哈密盆地晚二叠世早期植物群

记述了吐鲁番－哈密盆地晚二叠世早期植物化石１９属２９种（包括６新种，２相似种和１０未定种），这是一个以种子蕨类为主的安加拉型植物群。文中对这一植物群的性质和地质时代作了比较详细的讨论和对比。     

Foliar anatomy of Gigantonoclea guizhouensis (Gigantopteridales) from the Upper Permian of Guizhou Province,China

The present paper details the anatomy of permineralized foliar specimens of Gigantonoclea guizhouensis Gu and Zhi (Gigantopteridales) from the Upper Permian of western Guizhou Province in southwest China. In addition to reticulate venation, these fossil leaves possess a number of interesting anatomical features including: multicellular spines on the midrib, hypodermal sclerenchyma ribs, U- or V-shaped xylem in the midrib and secondary veins, tracheids with various secondary wall thickening patterns, paracytic stomata on the abaxial surface, epidermal cells with sinuous anticlinal walls, and secretory cavities in the mesophyll. Based on anatomical features, a liane habit is suggested, and the systematic differences among Gigantonoclea guizhouensis, Gigantopteridium, and the North American taxon Delnortea are underscored.     

A new gymnosperm <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sylvocarpus armatus</Emphasis> gen. et sp. nov. from the Lower Permian of the Ural Mountains

A Permian gymnosperm is described as a new genus and new species, Sylvocarpus armatus gen. et sp. nov., on the basis of half-closed seed-bearing capsules. The new plant is assigned to the Angaropeltidaceae, a family related to the Peltaspermales and Caytoniales.     

Structure and affinities of the petrified plants from the Cretaceous of Japan and Saghalien,V. Tree fern stems from Hokkaido,Paracyathocaulis ogurae gen. et comb. nov. andCyathocaulis yezopteroides sp. nov.

Paracyathocaulis ogurae gen. et comb. nov. andCyathocaulis yezopteroides sp. nov. are Late Cretaceous tree-fern stems with cyatheaceous affinity. They are comparable with the Recent scaly cyatheoids (Cyathea s.l.), as well as with the Cretaceous and Tertiary fossil stems that have similar anatomy. All of these tree ferns, including the Late Jurassic to Early CretaceousOguracaulis Tidwellet al., comprise a well-defined morphological complex within Cyatheaceae, and are considered to be monophyletic. The taxonomy of this complex is analyzed cladistically, and the cladogram is phylogenetically evaluated by reference to the chronological data of fossils.     

New fish assemblages from the Middle Permian from the Guadalupe Mountains,West Texas,USA

Late Wordian/Capitanian (Guadalupian, Middle Permian) fish assemblages are described from the “McKittrick Canyon Limestone”, Lamar Limestone and Reef Trail Members of the Bell Canyon Formation in the Patterson Hills and the PI section (Hegler/Pinery Members) along Highway 62/180 in the Guadalupe Mountains, West Texas. The assemblages contain chondrichthyan teeth of Stethacanthulus meccaensis, Texasodus varidentatus, Cooleyella cf. amazonensis, C. cf. peculiaris, and the new genus and species Lamarodus triangulus; and buccopharyngeal denticles of undetermined symmoriiform; chondrichthyan scales of eight morphotypes; fragment of an actinopterygian jaw, isolated teeth; the scales of Alilepis sp., Varialepis sp. and undetermined elonichthyid and haplolepid fishes. Using microtomography, the vascularization system has been observed for the first time for the teeth of Texasodus varidentatus and a new taxon Lamarodus triangulus. The distribution of chondrichthyan taxa was analyzed for the known fish assemblages of the Early, Middle, and Late Permian of the world. The end-Guadalupian crisis in the evolution of chondrichthyan fishes involved substantially more taxonomic change than the Permian–Triassic mass extinction.     

Supplementary Study of Upper Shihezi (Shihhotse) Plants from Taiyuan,Shanxi Province

This paper describes 12 species of Late Permian plants collected from Upper Shihezi Formation in Dongshan Taiyuan of Shanxi Province. Among them 2 genera and 10 species are new data of fossil plant, such as Raniganjia reniformis, Yuania gigantea, Pterophyllum striatum, Chiropteris petaloides, C. undulata, C. rotundata, Dioonocarpus ovatus gen. et sp. nov., Cycadeoidispermum petiolatum gen. et sp. nov., Cornucarpus obtusus and Pelourdea linearis etc. The others, Pecopteris anderssonii and Norinia cucullata are separately given a new definition once again.     

A well-preserved aneuretopsychid from the Jehol Biota of China (Insecta, Mecoptera, Aneuretopsychidae)

The Aneuretopsychidae is an unspeciose and enigmatic family of long-proboscid insects that presently consist of one known genus and three species from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of north-central Asia. In this paper, a new genus and species of fossil aneuretopsychid is described and illustrated, Jeholopsyche liaoningensisgen. et sp. n. Fossils representing this new taxon were collected from mid Early Cretaceous strata of the well known Jehol Biota in Liaoning Province, China. This finding documents the first formal record of fossil Aneuretopsychidae in China. In addition, this well-preserved and new material reveals previously unknown and detailed morphological structure of the mouthparts, antennae, head, thorax, legs and abdomen of this distinctive insect lineage.     

A new tree fern stem,Heilongjiangcaulis keshanensis gen. et sp. nov., from the Cretaceous of the Songliao Basin,Northeast China: a representative of early Cyatheaceae

A new genus and species of Cretaceous Cyatheacean tree fern, Heilongjiangcaulis keshanensis gen. et sp. nov., is erected for several permineralized stems collected at the Keshan County in Songliao Basin, Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China. The new taxon is characterized by a dictyostelic, erect stem with dense multicellular scales and surrounded by persistent petiole bases and adventitious roots. The stem contains a central pith lacking medullary bundles, which is surrounded by a dictyostele, and the cortex externally. Each meristele of the dictyostelic ring is enclosed by a sclerenchyma sheath. The pith and cortex are parenchymatous. The proximal petiole bases present a frond trace composed of numerous meristeles, arranged in 1 abaxial and 2 adaxial arcs, with internally projecting bundles on the upper and lateral sides. The feature combination of the new genus is nearly identical to the anatomical structures of modern scaly genera of the Cyatheaceae apart from the absence of medullary bundles. It is interpreted as a primitive representative of early Cyatheaceae, that closely resembles the modern scaly genera, which suggests that in the Cretaceous, the tree ferns in this family were already in possession of most of the anatomical characteristics observed in extant taxa. The fossil records of the stems, petioles, and spores indicate that during the Jurassic and Cretaceous, the Northeastern region of Asia may have been one of the distribution centers of early Cyatheaceae.