水稻叶片酸性磷酸酯酶活性及其部分特性

从水稻叶片部分纯化了水解磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸的磷酸酯酶,其Ｋｍ（ＰＥＰ）为０．１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,最适ＰＨ５．３．在偏酸性ＰＨ条件下（ＰＨ４．０～７．２）稳定,对热亦较稳定．酶活性受Ｐｉ强烈抑制．它对其底物要求不专一,能水解多种含磷酯键的化合物．表明它是一种非专一性的酸性磷酸酯酶。各种含磷酯键的代谢物对酶活性起竞争性抑制作用,且表现出叠加性．Ｃｕ（２＋）、Ｚｎ（２＋）和Ｆｅ（２＋）抑制酶活性,Ｍｇ（２＋）、Ｍｎ（２＋）、Ｃａ（２＋）、Ｃｏ（２＋）和ＥＤＴＡ无影响．     

大豆磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸磷酸酯酶研究Ⅲ、非专一性酸性磷酸酯酶的纯化与特性

从大豆叶片中分离能水解磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸(PEP)的酸性磷酸酯酶,通过硫酸胺分部(20%～50%饱和度)沉淀、DEAE纤维素层析、刀豆球蛋白琼脂糖凝胶亲和层析将酶纯化了422.47倍,活性达78.16U/mg蛋白。该酶对PEP专一性不强,Km为1.09mmol/L(PEP),最适pH5.8,在pH4.8～7.0范围内及60℃以下较稳定,水解PEP的活性被Mg2+、Mn2+激活,F、Cu2+、Zn2+、PO43、MoO42及3磷酸甘油酸(3PGA)、三磷酸腺苷ATP等代谢物抑制,受异柠檬酸等有机酸影响较小。     

核盘菌5-烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸合酶的酶学性质

核盘菌5-烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸合酶（EPSP合酶）是AROM多功能酶的活性之一.该酶催化莽草酸磷酸（S3P）和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸（PEP）产生5-烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸和无机磷酸的可逆反应,受除草剂草甘膦（N-（膦羧甲基）甘氨酸）抑制.纯化了核盘菌AROM蛋白并对EPSP合酶进行了酶学特征研究.结果显示,该酶反应的最适pH值为7.2,最适温度为30℃.热失活反应活化能是69.62 kJ/mol.底物S3P和PEP浓度分别高于1 mmol/L和2 mmol/L时,对EPSP合酶反应产生抑制作用.用双底物反应恒态动力学Dalziel方程求得的Km(PEP)为140.98 μmol/L,K _m(S3P)为139.58 μmol/L.酶动力学模型遵循顺序反应机制.草甘膦是该酶反应底物PEP的竞争性抑制剂（Ki为0.32 μmol/L）和S3P的非竞争性抑制剂.正向反应受K⁺激活.当［K⁺］增加时,K _m(PEP)随之降低,Km(S3P)不规律变化,而K _i(PEP)随［K⁺］增加而提高.     

树状多节孢酸性磷酸酶的分离纯化与性质研究

树状多节孢Nodulisporium sylviforme是从东北红豆杉Taxus cuspidata分离、可产生紫杉醇的内生真菌。研究以树状多节孢为材料,利用液体发酵手段获得菌丝体,通过CM-cellulose阴离子交换柱层析、Q-Sepharose阳离子交换柱层析和FPLC凝胶过滤层析（Superdex 75）,获得纯化的树状多节孢酸性磷酸酶蛋白（Nod-ACP）。结合FPLC和SDS-PAGE分析,判定该磷酸酶为分子量44kDa单亚基蛋白。酶学性质研究表明,其最适pH值为3.0,最适温度为58℃。6     

Properties of phosphoribulokinase from Thiobacillus neapolitanus

Partially purified preparations of ribulose-5-phosphate kinase (specific activity, 50 to 125 mumoles per min per mg of protein) were employed in a series of kinetic experiments in the presence of several concentrations of H(+), Mg(2+), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). The pH optimum of the enzyme was found to be 7.9; at this pH and above, response of the enzyme to variations in ATP concentration was hyperbolic, exhibiting a K(m) of 7 x 10(-4)m ATP. At pH values below the optimum the response to ATP was sigmoidal, as it was throughout the entire pH range in the presence of PEP at a concentration greater than 5 x 10(-4)m. In the presence of PEP the pH optimum shifted to pH 8.4. In contrast, phosphoribulokinase from spinach exhibited hyperbolic responses throughout its pH range with no inhibition caused by PEP. Thiobacillus neapolitanus phosphoribulokinase was inhibited by PEP in a sigmoidal manner; however, in the presence of suboptimal concentrations of Mg(2+) the addition of PEP caused significant stimulation of activity. It is postulated that the enzyme consists of interacting subunits with several sites on the enzyme for binding ATP and with several separate sites binding PEP. It is suggested that PEP functions as a regulator of CO(2) fixation when the organism is under conditions of unlimited concentrations of substrate and CO(2).     

The effects of aestivation on the catalytic and regulatory properties of pyruvate kinase from Helix aspersa.

1. Pyruvate kinase was partially purified from the foot, mantle, and digestive gland of active and aestivating snails. 2. At pH 7.0 the apparent Km values for phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) were 0.064 mmol/l for the enzyme from foot and 0.071 mmol/l for the enzyme from mantle; those for ADP were 0.35 mmol/l for the foot enzyme and 0.33 mmol/l for the mantle enzyme. 3. Both enzymes were inhibited by alanine, and this could be reversed by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP), although FBP alone was a weak activator. 4. Decreasing the pH to 6.5 markedly increased the inhibition by alanine and reduced the response to FBP. 5. The enzymes from these tissues of aestivating snails showed a small decrease in their affinity for PEP and a small increase in the effectiveness of alanine as an inhibitor. 6. These changes are indicative of a down-regulation of this enzyme which is consistent with the observations in other species during metabolic depression. 7. In contrast the enzyme from the digestive gland of active animals showed sigmoidal saturation kinetics for PEP with a S0.5 of 1.2 mmol/l, but had a markedly higher affinity for PEP, S0.5 = 0.20 mmol/l during aestivation. This may be indicative of other metabolic changes occurring in the digestive gland.     

Aspartate aminotransferase ofLactobacillus murinus

Aspartate aminotransferase from Lactobacillus murinus is thermostable, its activity being not changed for two months at temperatures between 4 and -70 degrees C. Maximum activity was observed at 40 degrees C and pH 7.3 in phosphate buffer (30 mmol/L). delta G* Value of 26.3 kJ/mol was calculated from the Arrhenius plot. The Km values for L-aspartate and 2-oxoglutarate at pH 7.3 were 25 and 100 mmol/L, respectively. Sodium maleate and glutamate acted as inhibitors of the enzyme activity. The Ki values for sodium maleate with L-aspartate of 2-oxoglutarate as variable substrates were 1.1 and 0.5 mmol/L, respectively. The Ki values for glutamate with L-aspartate or 2-oxoglutarate were 8.0 and 4.0 mmol/L, respectively. An inhibitory effect was observed with 1 mM Hg2+ ions (1 mmol/L). The activity of the enzyme was diminished by only 12% in the absence of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate.     

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in root nodules of Vicia faba: Partial purification and properties

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC, EC 4.1.1.31) was purified 56-fold from Vicia faba root nodules to a specific activity of 24.8 units mg^-1 protein. Native molecular mass was determined to be 443 kDa by gel permeation chromatography, whereas a molecular mass of 113 kDa was obtained for the subunit by means of SDS-PAGE, indicating that the enzyme is a homotetramer. One peak of activity was obtained by ion-exchange chromatography or gel filtration, and thus there was no evidence of isoenzymes. The effect of pH on PEPC activity was studied, the pH optimum found at 8.25. The effect of substrate (phosphoenolpyruvate, PEP) on the enzyme activity was studied at five different pH values from 6.5 to 9.5. The K_m(PEP) at pH 8.25 proved to be 0.064 m M. Inhibition by malate or activation by glucose-6-phosphate was dependent on the pH of the reaction mixture. Malate behaved as a non-competitive mixed-type inhibitor with a K_i of 0.76 m M , a K_i(s) of 1.15 m M and a K_i(i) of 0.72 m M , at pH 7.0 while at pH 8.25 K_i was about 140 m M. Activation by glucose-6-P was 70% with 4 m M PEP at pH 7, whereas no effect was found at pH 8.25. Experiments with mixed effectors at pH 7 and 1 m M PEP, showed that glucose-6-P can reverse the inhibition caused by L-malate on the PEPC activity.     

豇豆初生叶多胺氧化酶的催化特性

从豇豆幼苗 (6d苗龄 )初生叶提纯得到的多胺氧化酶 (EC 1 .4.3 .6 )属于二胺氧化酶 ,最有效的底物是 1 ,4 二胺丁烷 (腐胺 )、1 ,5 二胺戊烷 (尸胺 )、1 ,6 二胺己烷、1 ,1 0 二胺癸烷等α 二胺 ,其催化活性随二胺类底物碳链的增长而相应减弱。豇豆多胺氧化酶对亚精胺和精胺也具有较高的催化活性。另外 ,底物腐胺和尸胺的浓度超过 2mmol/L或亚精胺和精胺浓度超过 3mmol/L时会对酶活性有抑制效应。以腐胺和尸胺为底物时 ,酶的最适 pH约为7.0 ,而以亚精胺和精胺为底物时其最适pH为 6 .5。该酶的催化活性还随反应介质的离子强度增加而降低。K ,Ca2 和Mg2 (皆为 1 0mmol/L)对酶活性无明显抑制作用 ,而同样浓度的Mn2 ,Zn2 ,Fe2 ,Co2 和Cd2 则对酶活性有不同程度的抑制作用。金属螯合剂EDTA(1 0mmol/L)和腺苷蛋氨酸脱羧酶抑制剂甲基乙二醛 双脒腙 (0 .1mmol/L)可抑制酶活性约 80 % ,而铜结合剂KCN(1 .0mmol/L)、羰基试剂羟胺 (0 .1mmol/L)和氨基胍 (0 .1mmol/L)可导致该酶完全失活     

外源添加代谢中间体对产琥珀酸放线杆菌厌氧发酵制备丁二酸的影响

考察了外源添加中间代谢产物对菌体生长及发酵产酸的影响,结果表明添加0.5g/L磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸(PEP)时丁二酸产量最高。围绕产琥珀酸放线杆菌NJ113厌氧发酵产丁二酸的代谢网络进行代谢通量分析,发现添加PEP后己糖磷酸途径(HMP)与糖酵解途径(EMP)的通量比由39.4∶60.3提高至76.8∶22.6,解决了丁二酸合成过程中还原力不足的矛盾,导致PEP生成草酰乙酸的通量提高了23.8%,丁二酸代谢通量从99.8mmol/(gDCW·h)增至124.4mmol/(gDCW·h),而副产物乙酸及甲酸的代谢通量分别降低了22.9%、15.4%;关键酶活分析结果表明,添加0.5g/LPEP后PEP羧化激酶比酶活达到1910U/mg,与对照相比提高了74.7%,而丙酮酸激酶的比酶活降低了67.5%。最终丁二酸浓度为29.1g/L,收率达到76.2%,比未添加PEP时提高了11.0%。     

Purification and properties of pyruvate kinase type M1 from bovine brain

1. Pyruvate kinase type M1 was purified from bovine brain about 241-fold with 38% yield. 2. Specific activity of the enzyme was above 217 U/mg of protein (25 degrees C), relative mol. wt of the subunit--57,000 (+/- 2000) and pH optimum--6.8-7.2. 3. The enzyme shoved hyperbolic kinetics with Km value for PEP of 0.04 mM and for ADP of 0.3 mM. 4. Inorganic phosphate and ATP at concentrations below 4 mM showed activating effect, 1-phenylalanine and ATP above 6 mM--an inhibiting effect on the enzyme. 5. Inhibition by 1-phenylalanine was prevented by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.     

Purification and characterization of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from a cyanobacterium.

Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31) was purified 100-fold from the cyanobacterium Coccochloris peniocystis with a yield of 10%. A single isozyme was found at all stages of purification, and activity of other beta-carboxylase enzymes was not detected. The apparent molecular weight of the native enzyme was 560,000. Optimal activity was observed at pH 8.0 and 40 degrees C, yielding a Vmax of 8.84 mumol/mg of protein per min. The enzyme was not protected from heat inactivation by aspartate, malate, or oxalacetate. Michaelis-Menten reaction kinetics were observed for various concentrations of PEP, Mg2+, and HCO3-, yielding Km values of 0.6, 0.27, and 0.8 mM, respectively. Enzyme activity was inhibited by aspartate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and noncompetitively inhibited by oxalacetate, while activation by any compound was not observed. However, the enzyme was sensitive to metabolic control at subsaturating substrate concentrations at neutral pH. These data indicate that cyanobacterial PEP carboxylase resembles the enzyme isolated from C3 plants (plants which initially incorporate CO2 into C3 sugars) and suggest that PEP carboxylase functions anapleurotically in cyanobacteria.     

抗坏血酸对酵母蔗糖酶的激活动力学研究

采用甲苯自溶法从鲜酵母中提取了蔗糖酶,并用乙醇分级及ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素柱层析进行了纯化,用ＰＡＧ凝胶电泳作了纯度鉴定,在ｐＨ５．０,３０℃条件下进行了酶反应,用双倒数作图法测出其Ｋｍ＝２．１×１０－２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,Ｖｍａｘ＝０．２６（每分钟的光密度值）．在此系统中,加入不同浓度的抗坏血酸（Ｖｉｔ．Ｃ）,发现其具有激活作用并存在量效关系．双倒数作图显示：酶的表观Ｖｍａｘ（Ｖｐ）随抗坏血酸浓度的增加而增大,但其表观Ｋｍ（Ｋｐ）不变（Ｋｐ＝Ｋｍ）．经实验结果分析,推论出抗坏血酸激活作用的酶促反应方程式,并推导出反应速度公式     

大凉疣螈碱性磷酸酶的分离纯化及部分性质

碱性磷酸酶 (alkaline phosphatase,AKP)在生物界的分布很广 ,动物、植物、微生物中均广泛存在 .提纯的 AKP常被应用于对核酸等的研究 ,是基因工程常用的工具酶 ,也是酶标免疫测定技术的常用工具酶之一 .人类血清中的 AKP在不同疾病状态下有显著变化 ,临床上将血清 AKP变化指标作为诊断某些疾病的依据 .对于细菌和高等动物的 AKP已有广泛的研究 ,但国内外对两栖爬行类动物 AKP的研究报导却很少 ,仅有蛇毒中 AKP的研究报导 [1,2 ] .本文对大凉疣螈皮肤的 AKP进行了分离纯化 ,并对其部分性质进行了初步研究 .1　材料和方法1 .1　材…     

类产碱假单胞菌谷氨酸脱氢酶的提纯、鉴定及某些特性的初步研究

从类产碱假单胞菌纯化出电泳纯的谷氨酸脱氢酶,用聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳和ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测得分子量为２９０ ｋＤ,亚基分子量为４７ ｋＤ,提示该酶为六聚体．该酶对ＮＡＤＰ（Ｈ）和底物均具有高度专一性,对谷氨酸、α－酮戊二酸及ＮＡＤＰ＋ 的Ｋｍ 值分别为：２８ ｍ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ、１．２ｍ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ及０．０６３ ｍ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ．用Ｈｉｌｌ作图法求得酶对ＮＨ＋４ 和ＮＡＤＰＨ 的［Ｓ］０．５分别为２４ ｍ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ和０．０３７ ｍ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ．最适反应温度为５０℃,催化氨化反应和脱氨反应的最适ｐＨ 分别为８．０和８．８,在热稳定性方面不及嗜热细菌的谷氨酸脱氢酶稳定．提纯的谷氨酸脱氢酶在低温（４℃）条件下,可在Ｔｒｉｓ－ＨＣｌ缓冲液中贮存半年以上,活力无明显下降,冷冻则可导致纯酶液迅速失活．氮源对菌体谷氨酸脱氢酶水平有显著影响．     

Interference by phosphatases in the spectrophotometric assay for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase

The aim of this work was to discover the extent of interference by phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) phosphatase in spectrophotometric assays of PEP carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31) in crude extracts of plant organs. The presence of PEP phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) in extracts leads to PEP-dependent NADH oxidation that is independent of PEP carboxylase activity, and hence to overestimation of PEP carboxylase activity. In extracts of three organs of pea (Pisum sativum L.: leaves, developing embryos, and Rhizobium nodules), two organs of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.: developing grain and endosperm), and leaves of Moricandia arvensis (L.) D.C., lactate dehydrogenase activity was at most only 16% of that of PEP carboxylase at the pH optimum for PEP carboxylase activity. Endogenous PEP phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase are thus unlikely to interfere seriously with the assay for PEP carboxylase at its optimum pH. Addition of lactate dehydrogenase to PEP carboxylase assays— a proposed means of correcting for nonenzymic decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to pyruvate—resulted in increases in PEP-dependent NADH oxidation from zero (Rhizobium nodules) to 131% (wheat grains). There was no obvious relationship between the magnitude of this increase and conditions in the assay that might promote oxaloacetate decarboxylation. However, the magnitude of the increase was highly positively correlated with the activity of PEP phosphatase in the extract. Addition of lactate dehydrogenase to PEP carboxylase assays can thus result in very large overestimations of PEP carboxylase activity, and should only be used as a means of correction for oxaloacetate decarboxylation for extracts with negligible PEP phosphatase activity.     

碳源对重组大肠杆菌两阶段发酵产丁二酸的影响

研究了在好氧培养基中分别添加不同碳源对两阶段发酵菌体生长、酶活及代谢产物分布的影响,结果表明添加4mmol/L葡萄糖和12,54,80mmol/L乙酸钠均可以提高好氧阶段的菌体密度和相关酶活。将不同条件下培养的菌体转接厌氧发酵后,厌氧阶段的酶活和代谢产物分布也发生改变。进一步对酶活及代谢产物分析表明：Escherichia coli NZN111(sfcA)厌氧发酵过程中,磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化激酶(PCK)是产丁二酸的关键酶,丙酮酸激酶(PYK)主要和副产物丙酮酸的积累有关,异柠檬酸裂解酶(ICL)对丁二酸产量也有一定影响。好氧培养基中添加80mmol/L乙酸钠,厌氧发酵结束时丁二酸的质量收率可达89.0%,相比对照提高了16.6%。     

小麦谷氨酸脱羧酶的纯化及部分性质研究

谷氨酸脱羧酶（ｇｌｕｔａｍａｔｅｄｅｃａｒｂｏｘｙｌａｓｅ,ＧＡＤ,ＥＣ４．１．１．１５）催化谷氨酸脱羧生成γ－氨基丁酸（γ－ａｍｉｎｏｂｕｔｙｒａｔｅ,ＢＡ）,植物中已从南瓜［１］、马铃薯和林生山黧豆［２］纯化了ＧＡＤ．ＧＡＤ活性在禾本科作物中作为...     

嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌β-半乳糖苷酶的性质

利用硫酸铵分级沉淀、离子交换层析 (DEAE- 2 2 )、Sephadex G- 75凝胶过滤从嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌胞内提纯得到 β-半乳糖苷酶。研究表明 ,该酶最适表观反应温度和最适 pH分别为 6 0℃和 6 .4。在 50℃该酶具有良好的热稳定性。碱金属和碱土金属盐对酶有激活作用 ,重金属 Zn²⁺、Fe³⁺、Cu²⁺抑制酶的活力。巯基保护剂能明显增强酶的活力 ,而巯基结合试剂强烈抑制酶的活性。该酶对 β-     

Changes in Sensitivity to Effectors of Maize Leaf Phosphoenolypyruvate Carboxylase during Light/Dark Transitions

Illumination of previously darkened maize (Zea mays L. cv Golden Cross Bantam T51) leaves had no effect on the concentration of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase protein, but increased enzyme activity about 2-fold when assayed under suboptimal conditions (pH 7.0 and limiting PEP). In addition, sensitivity to effectors of PEP carboxylase activity was significantly altered; e.g. malate inhibition was reduced and glucose-6-phosphate activation was increased. Consequently, 10- to 20-fold differences in PEP carboxylase activity were observed during dark to light transitions when assayed in the presence of effectors. At pH 7.0 activity of purified PEP carboxylase was not proportional to enzyme concentrations. Below 0.7 microgram PEP carboxylase protein per milliliter, enzyme activity was disproportionately reduced. Including polyethylene glycol plus potassium chloride in the reaction mixture eliminated this discontinuity and substantially increased PEP carboxylase activity and reduced malate inhibition dramatically. Inclusion of polyethylene glycol in the assay mixture specifically increased the activity of PEP carboxylase extracted from dark leaves, and reduced malate inhibition of the enzyme from both light and dark leaves. Collectively, the results suggest that PEP carboxylase in maize leaves is subjected to some type of protein modification that affects both activity and effector sensitivity. We postulate that changes in quaternary structure (dissociation or altered subunit interactions) may be involved.