西双版纳石灰岩山地森林蕨类区系的初步研究

西双版纳位于云南南部,与老挝及缅甸接壤。根据调查,现已知西双版纳石灰岩山地森林中蕨类区系有蕨类植物１２７种（包括变种）,隶属于２４个科,５４个属,在该蕨类区系中,最大的科分别是水龙骨科,凤尾蕨科,铁角蕨科,铁线蕨科及三叉蕨科;最大的属分别为凤尾蕨属,铁角蕨属,铁线蕨属,石韦属及毛蕨属,该地蕨区系具有东南亚热带的性质,其分布区类型的组成是,热带分布或主产热带的科占总科数的７０％以上,热带分布的属占总     

汉中地区汉水流域水生维管植物种类及地理分布

经野外调查,采集标本与鉴定分析,汉中地区汉水流域共有水生维管植物69种,包括蕨类植物3种,种子植物66种,分别隶属于32科48属。其中挺水植物41种,浮水及浮叶植物11种,沉水植物17种。66种种子植物分别隶属于46属,有7种地理分布类型,其中以世界分布类型成分居多,共21属,占本地区水生种子植物总属数的45．7％;热带分布类型成分13属,占28．3％,温带分布类型12属,占26．0％。调查分析发现8种6该区域的新分布种,即：竹叶眼子菜,南方眼子菜,小茨藻,大茨藻,水毛花,穗花狐尾藻,有梗石龙尾的狸藻;新记录属4个,即：茨藻属,狐尾藻属,石龙尾属和狸藻属;新记录科2个,即;茨藻科和小二仙草科。     

西双版纳植物区系的特点与亲缘

西双版纳植物区系经初步资料整理统计有种子植物 3336种 ,隶属于 1 1 4 0个属 ,大约 1 97个科。植物区系成分构成是热带分布的科和属分别占总科和属数的 60 .1 %和 83.5% ,在热带分布属中 ,又以热带亚洲成分占优势 (占 32 .8% )。通过植物区系组成和地理成分分析 ,认为该植物区系是热带性质的 ,属于热带亚洲区系的一部分 ,并带有明显热带边缘性质和几种地理成分交汇的特点。西双版纳植物区系与广西热带植物区系和海南热带植物区系在发生上同源 ,主要来自于古南大陆与古北大陆区系成分的融合 ,在发展上受热带亚洲植物区系的渗透和强烈影响。     

Geological History,Flora, and Vegetation of Xishuangbanna,Southern Yunnan,China1

Xishuangbanna of southern Yunnan is biogeographically located at a transitional zone from tropical Southeast (SE) Asia to subtropical East Asia, and is at the junction of the Indian and Burmese plates of Gondwana and the Eurasian plate of Laurasia. The flora of the region consists of a recorded 3336 native seed plant species, belonging to 1140 genera in 197 families, among which 83.5 percent are tropical genera and 32.8 percent are endemic to tropical Asia, suggesting a strong affinity to tropical Asian flora. The vegetation of Xishuangbanna is organized into four forest types: tropical rain forest, tropical seasonal moist forest, tropical montane evergreen broad‐leaved forest, and tropical monsoon forest. The tropical rain forest in Xishuangbanna has the same floristic composition of families and genera as some lowland equatorial rain forests in SE Asia, and is dominated (with a few exceptions) by the same families both in species richness and stem dominance. The exceptions include some deciduous trees in the canopy layer, fewer megaphanerophytes and epiphytes, and a higher abundance of lianas and microphyllic plants. We consider the tropical rain forest of Xishuangbanna as a type of tropical Asian rain forest, based on their conspicuous similarities in ecological and floristic characteristics.     

The Exploitation and Utilization of Lycophyte and Fern Resources in Xishuangbanna,Yunnan

Xishuangbanna lies in the south of Yunnan. The composition and distributive regulation of lycophytes and ferns in Xishuangbanna are studied in this paper. As a result, 363 species of wild lycophytes and ferns which belong to 76 genera and 31 families are found in this area. The six species rich families are Polypodiaceae, Athyriaceae, Thelypteridaceae, Aspleniaceae, Pteridaceae and Selaginellaceae. The geographical distribution of the species shows that this flora mainly consists of Tropical Asia elements. Terrestrial species are the richest of this flora, followed by epiphytic and lithophytic species. The lycophytes and ferns resources of Xishuangbanna are abundant. However, the exploitation and utilization of this group of plants are ignored. This study investigated lycophytes and ferns resources of Xishuangbanna. Medicinal, edible and ornamental ferns in Xishuangbanna have been clearly researched and their utilization and protection have been discussed.     

西双版纳热带森林附生维管植物的物种多样性与区系特征

附生植物是山地森林生态系统中重要的结构性成分。因受林冠调查技术限制, 人们对林冠附生植物知之甚少。本文在前人有关西双版纳植物区系研究的基础上, 结合野外调查和标本资料, 对该地区附生植物的物种组成与分布进行了整理。结果表明, 西双版纳热带森林附生维管植物共有29科134属486种, 约占全部维管植物的11%。附生兰科是最丰富的类群(69属293种), 其中以石斛属(Dendrobium) (49种)和石豆兰属(Bulbophyllum) (48种)物种数最多。蕨类是仅次于兰科的附生类群(13科38属97种), 其中水龙骨科(51种)占附生蕨类总数的50%以上。基于生活史和养分来源的划分标准, 该地区48%的附生物种属于兼性附生, 其次是以兰科为主的专性附生(46%), 半附生仅占6%。从区系上看, 西双版纳附生植物属的分布具有明显的热带亚洲性质。附生植物主要分布于资源受限的林冠生境, 对环境变化极为敏感, 在人为干扰日益加剧的背景下, 这类植物正面临严重威胁。因此, 需要加强对西双版纳林冠亚系统的保护。     

江西宁都凌云山自然保护区蜘蛛资源初报

凌云山自然保护区位于江西省赣州市宁都县西北部边境,属雩山山脉中段。其地理坐标为东经115°50′16″-116°1′40″,北纬26°50′42″-27°2′11″,总面积11260hm^2。蜘蛛是农林生态系统害虫天敌的主要类群,也常作为生态系统稳定的指示生物。作者等人通过对凌云山自然保护区蜘蛛资源及区系分布进行野外调查、标本采集和分类鉴定等,发现该保护区有蜘蛛32科96属165种,其中,有5个江西新记录科,1个中国新记录种,29种江西新记录种和33未确定种。     

中国斑栉叶蜂属研究及二新种(膜翅目,叶蜂科)

记述中国叶蜂科、蔺叶蜂亚科、斑栉叶蜂属2新种,白股斑栉叶蜂Brykella albofemorata sp.nov.和大斑栉叶蜂B.magna sp.nov.。提供了栉爪叶蜂族Anisoarthrini分属检索表,描述了斑栉叶蜂属属征,编制了斑栉叶蜂属分种检索表。     

云南西双版纳地区的萤叶甲（鞘翅目：叶甲科）

本文是云南西双版纳地区萤叶甲亚科区系研究的一部分,记述了３新种及中国３新纪录种,它们分别为：云南萤叶甲Ｇａｌｅｒｕｃａ ｙｕｎｎａｎａ Ｙａｎｇ ｅｔＬｉ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．、毛殊角萤叶Ａｇｅｔｏｃｅｒａ ｓｉｍｉｌｉｓ Ｃｈｅｎ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．、黄胸摹萤叶甲Ｍｕｎｉｎａ ｆｌａｖｉｄａ Ｙａｎｇ ｅｔ Ｙａｏ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．以及罗氏阿波萤叶甲Ａｐｌｏｓｏｎｙｘ ｒｏｂｉｎｓｏｎｉ（Ｊａｃｏｂｙ,１９     

Revision of New World Species of the Shore-fly Subgenus Allotrichoma Becker of the Genus Allotrichoma with Description of the Subgenus Neotrichoma (Diptera, Ephydridae, Hecamedini)

The New World species of the subgenera Allotrichoma Becker and Neotrichoma (new subgenus) are revised, including a phylogenetic analysis of the species groups and subgenera within the genus Allotrichoma. For phylogenetic perspective and to document the monophyly of the genus Allotrichoma and its included subgenera and species groups, we also provide a cladistic analysis of genera within the tribe Hecamedini. The ingroup included seven exemplar congeners from within Allotrichoma. Outgroup sampling included exemplars of other genera within Hecamedini and from the putative sister group, Lipochaetini, and to root the analysis, we used an exemplar of the tribe Discocerinini. Analyses with successive weighting and implied weighting recovered a monophyletic Allotrichoma and indicated clades within the genus. Eight new species are described (type locality in parenthesis): Allotrichoma bifurcatum (Utah. Utah: Lake Shore (40°06.9'N, 111°41.8'W; 1370 m)), Allotrichoma dynatum (Oregon. Benton: Finley National Wildlife Refuge (44°24.6'N, 123°19.5'W)), Allotrichoma occidentale (Oregon. Lake: Lakeview (44 km E; Drake Creek; 42°11'N, 119°59.3'W)), Allotrichoma robustum (California. Kern: Kern River (35°16.1'N, 119°18.4'W)), Allotrichoma sabroskyi (New Mexico. Sandoval: La Cueva (Junction of Highways 126 and 4; 35°52'N, 106°38.4'W; 2342 m)), Allotrichoma wallowa (Oregon Baker: Goose Creek (35 km E Baker City; 44°49.2'N, 117°27.79'W; 825 m)), Allotrichoma baliops (Florida. Monroe: Key West (Willie Ward Park; 24°32.9'N, 81°47.9'W)), and Allotrichoma insulare (Dominica. Cabrits Swamp (15°35'N, 61°29'W)). Within Allotrichoma, we recognize three subgenera of which one, Neotrichoma (type species: Allotrichoma atrilabre), is newly described. All known species from the New World are described with an emphasis on structures of the male terminalia, which are fully illustrated. Detailed locality data and distribution maps for the New World species are provided. A lectotype is designated for Discocerina simplex Loew and a neotype is designated for Allotrichoma bezzii Becker. Allotrichoma filiforme Becker, Allotrichoma trispinum Becker, and Allotrichoma dahli Beschovski are reported as new synonyms of Allotrichoma simplex (Loew) and Allotrichoma yosemite Cresson is a new synonym of Allotrichoma atrilabre Cresson. We also clarify the status of previously described species, including those with Holarctic distributions. For perspective and to facilitate genus-group and species-group recognition, the tribe Hecamedini is diagnosed and a key to included genera is provided.     

中国云南纳板河国家级自然保护区苔藓植物研究

在野外调查和标本鉴定的基础上,首次报道了中国云南纳板河流域国家级自然保护区有苔藓植物59科157属385种3变种3亚种,包括中国大陆新记录种3种,云南新记录属2属,新记录种和亚种12种;西双版纳地区新记录科4科,新记录属12属,新记录种140种.同时,对优势科属种组成及生境类型进行了初步分析,为我国热带地区苔藓植物区系研究提供了丰富资料.     

中国植物区系新资料

该文报道了发现于云南盈江的2个中国植物新分布属——木瓜桐属（Siphonodon Griff.）和羽脉百部属（Stichoneuron Hook. f.）,以及对应的2个新记录种木瓜桐（Siphonodon celastrineus Griff.）和羽脉百部（Stichoneuron membranaceum Hook.f.）,并结合原始文献及野外调查对其形态特征进行了详细描述。凭证标本存放于中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园标本馆（HITBC）。     

论荷叶铁线蕨的分布特点

荷叶铁线蕨是我国近年来在四川发现的又一特有珍稀植物。仅产于万县至西沱的长江河谷。为了弄清它的分布规律,为今后更好地保护和发展这一特有珍稀植物提供科学依据,我们于1985年对该植物进行了实地考察。本文就是在此基础上分析整理而成的。作者从分析荷叶铁线蕨产地的土壤、气候、植物种类等要素入手,初步阐明了荷叶铁线蕨的分布状况及其群落特点。     

Where ichthyofaunal provinces meet: the fish fauna of the Lake Edward system,East Africa

Based on literature, museum collections and three recent expeditions, an annotated species list of the Lake Edward, East Africa, drainage system is presented, excluding the endemic haplochromines. A total of 34 non-Haplochromis species belonging to 10 families and 21 genera are recorded from the system. Three of these are endemic and two others have been introduced in the region. Six species are new records for the Lake Edward system. A species accumulation curve indicates that we probably covered most of the non-Haplochromis species in the area sampled during the recent expeditions, but undetected species might still be present in the Congolese part of the system, which is poorly sampled. A comparison of the species list with those of neighbouring basins confirmed the placement of the Lake Edward system within the east-coast ichthyofaunal province.     

江西三清山兰科植物区系分析

江西省三清山兰科植物资源丰富,约21属30种,占江西省兰科植物属种的56.76%、38.46%,占中国兰科植物属种的12.28%、2.41%。区内兰科植物生活型以地生兰为主;分布区式样以温带型为主;区系成分分散,缺乏本地特有成分。与各山地的相似性以及属种分布型比较显示,三清山与5山地在属级水平上相似性系数高,兰科植物区系联系比较紧密,从属分布区类型看,三清山、黄山、天目山和庐山以北温带分布为主,井冈山和武夷山以热带亚洲-热带大洋洲为主;在种级水平上相似性系数较低,种分布区类型均以东亚和中国特有分布为主。按生态型划分,地生兰为主,附生兰为辅,三清山和黄山只有两生态类型,武夷山、天目山、井冈山和庐山生态类型齐全。最后,依据"中国物种红色名录"对各山地珍稀濒危保护物种进行归纳统计。     

秦岭南坡中段种子植物多样性研究

初步调查统计秦岭南坡中段有种子植物 1 55科 ,81 5属 ,约 2 1 84种 ,分别占秦岭总科数的 96.2 7% ,总属数的 80 .69% ,总种数的 63.32 %。其中有国家保护植物 31种 ,中国种子植物特有属 34属。属的地理分布类型多 ,有 1 5个分布型及 2 1个变型 ,其中温带成分和热带成分分别占该区总属数的 30 .66%和 64.79%。科的组成中含 1 0 0种以上的有 3科 ,50～ 1 0 0种的有 7科 ,5～ 2种的有 4 4科 ,含 1种的有 34科。秦岭南坡中段是生物多样性丰富的区域之一。论述了种子植物物种多样性 ,生活型多样性和属的分布区类型的多样性等。同时对该段生物多样性的保护与持续发展对策进行了探讨。     

武功山地区种子植物区系研究

通过多次野外调查及资料整理,对武功山地区种子植物科、属、种的组成及区系特征进行了调查分析,为该区植物资源的保护以及植物分区提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)武功山地区共有种子植物166科、814属、2 079种,分别占江西省种子植物科、属、种总数的72.81%、61.11%、50.46%,其中裸子植物有7科、15属、19种,分别占江西裸子植物总数的77.78%、65.21%、54.28%。(2)武功山地区科包含12个分布区类型,热带成分占优势(70科,占57.96%),温带成分丰富(46科,38.65%);属包含14个分布区类型,热带成分略占优势(368属,49.40%),温带成分增加(354属,47.53%);种包含14个分布类型,热带分布性626种(31.04%),温带分布性663种(32.87%),温带成分略占优势;武功山地区植物成分具有热带向温带过渡的特点,并且热带和温带成分相互交融、渗透。(3)武功山地区种子植物具有单种和少种的科属较多,具有起源古老的特点,其中单种属有414属,占总属数的50.86%。中国特有成分有4科、23属、728种。(4)与相邻的15个代表性区系比较表明,武功山地区种类较为丰富,聚类分析表明该区系与黄山、庐山、武夷山、井冈山等地区的关系很密切,与秦岭、西双版纳和高黎贡山的区系关系最疏远。     

西双版纳热带雨林蚁科昆虫区系分析

在西双版纳热带雨林已鉴定蚊科昆虫９亚科７６属２６７种。西双版纳地区的蚂蚁区系以热带至亚热带分布的东洋界成分最为丰富。在属级水平上,与马来西亚界关系最为密切。与澳洲界关系较密切;与非洲界和马拉加西界的关系知中。与新北界,新热带界和古北界的关系最为疏远。可见西双版纳的蚂蚁区系具有典型的热带亚洲起源特征,同时与澳洲和非洲的热带区系有一定的渊源关系。     

广东阳春鹅凰嶂自然保护区种子植物区系研究

鹅凰嶂自然保护区位于广东省阳春市境内 (1 1 1°2 1′2 9″～ 1 1 1°3 6′0 3″E ,2 1°5 0′3 6″～ 2 1°5 8′40″N) ,为北热带地区。计有维管植物 2 1 0科 75 4属 1 5 80种 (包括亚种与变型 ) ,其中种子植物有 1 72科 681属 1 44 8种。研究分析和讨论了本区主要植被类型、种子植物区系及珍稀濒危植物 ,其种子植物区系特征是 :种类组成比较丰富 ,地理成分复杂 ,联系广泛 ,以热带成分占绝对优势 ,是典型的热带北缘区系性质 ;植被类型以山地雨林为主 ;区系起源古老 ,原始类群丰富 ;特有性比较高 ,珍稀濒危植物明显。建议对一些濒危物种采取有效的保护措施。