Microfossil assemblage from the Late of Middle Carboniferous in Western Shaan-Gan-Ning Basin,Northwest China

In this paper, some results of the study on the sporepollen of the Yanghugou Formation in the western Shaan-Gan-Ning (Ordos) Basin of Northwest China axe reported. Plenty of well preserved microfossil, which 136 types belong to 62 microspore genera and one megaspore genus, including 2 new genera , 13 new species, I Acritarch (Chamosphaera pseudozonatus gen. et sp. nov.), from 8 bore-holes and outcrop have been discribed. In generally, the microfiora of the Yanghugou Formation is similar to the Taiyuan Formation (Upper Carboniferous). According to the spore-pollen assemblage of Yanghugou Formation may correlate with those in the Middle Carboniferous of Great Britain, Belgium the north of France, German and North America. Besides, the assemblage are similar to Middle Carboniferous of Nortth Shandong and Hengshanbu of Ningxia in the microfossil assemblage. The geological age of the beds is considered to Late of Middle Carboniferous.     

陕西富平金粟山组放射虫动物群及其时代

安太庠等(1985)把金粟山组分成4段,其中2-4段产有较丰富的牙形类化石Tasmanognathus动物群,当时定其时代为Caradocian期。后来,崔智林等(2000)在该组的第二段硅质岩和灰岩中发现放射虫也认为是Caradocian期的。这次,我们在第4段中找到了一个以Secuicollacta ornata为主的放射虫动物群,Noble和Aitchison(2000)在讨论早古生代放射虫动物群时提出把Secuicollacta的首现作为凯迪期的开始,并把其归属到他们建立的大门孔同心状球形放射虫带1中。因此,金粟山组有可能是凯迪期的。同时,我们对崔智林等(2000)发现的放射虫动物群进一步研究后发现,这个动物群是以Secuicollacta,Kalimnasphaera,Protoceratoikiscum,Palaeoephippium和Haplotaeniatum等属为特征,其时代也是凯迪期的。根据王志浩等(2011)最新研究,金粟山组的2个牙形类化石带,即上部的Tasmanognathus gracilis-T.multidentatus带和下部的T.shichuanhe...     

Pennsylvanian miospore assemblages from the Bèdero Section,Varese, Italian Southern Alps

Thin continental Carboniferous sequences crop out sparsely in the western Southern Alps (Alpe Logone, Mesenzana, Grantola, Bosco Valtravaglia-Fabiasco, Val Tresa, etc.) and are currently the subject of a detailed litho- and biostratigraphic revision, to reconsider their chronological position with respect to previously published age constraints. The age of these Upper Palaeozoic sedimentary successions, scattered over a wide area and strongly tectonized along major structural lineaments, has long been debated between Westphalian and Stephanian. The present work focuses mainly on the palynology of the Brezzo di Bèdero section (Luino, Lake Maggiore). The recovered palynoflora is assigned to 42 spore genera and 76 species of which one genus and 10 species are newly proposed. Fifty-seven spore species and 19 pollen species are described and illustrated. Qualitatively, the Bèdero palynoflora shows strong affinities to those of Western Europe. The most abundant palynomorphs are trilete spores known to be characteristics of the late Westphalian and early Stephanian assemblages. These are characterized by the remarkable presence of Florinites and subordinately Wilsonites species, low numbers of Potonieisporites, rare Limitisporites and Vesicaspora, and very rare Latensina-Cordaitina pollen. The occurrence of diverse monolete spores Laevigatosporites, Punctatosporites, Spinosporites, Thymospora and Torispora, with common Lundbladispora gigantea, L. simonii, Stenozonotriletes rubius n. sp. together with the absence of plicate and taeniate pollen grains suggests a strong resemblance to the late Westphalian–early Stephanian interval assigned to the OT Zone of Western Europe. Variations in the quantitative composition can be likely attributed to variations in the environmental setting with regards to non-forming peat deposits. The palynological suite is indicative of the existence of a well-established lowland Cordaiteans vegetation and well settled pterophytic, pteridosperm and subordinately sphenophytic and lycophytic, hygrophytic plant communities.     

新疆若羌石灰华中的植物化石及古环境*

根据首次从富阳西湖组发现的孢子及其垂直分布特征,划分出下段 LH 组合和上段 DP 组合,分别归入晚泥盆世法门晚期(斯图年期)和早石炭世早期(杜内早期),即泥盆-石炭系界线通过西湖组内部,与江苏五通组类似.     

福建漳平下二叠统的小有孔虫

福建漳平岭兜下二叠统地层发育良好,序列清楚,与ting类共生的小有孔虫化石丰富。根据化石群垂直分布特点,可分为三个小有孔虫组合,自下而上为Geintzina-Pachyphloia组合,Langella-Pseudoglandulina longa组合及Hemigordius qinglongensis-Cribrogenerina celebrata组合。这三个小有孔虫组合在福建均属首次发现。这发现为下二叠统的地层时代归属又提供一佐证。     

松辽盆地来D13井地层划分对比研究

岩石组合特征和同位素数据表明,松辽盆地来D13井137.0—142.0m井段属于早白垩世晚期(Aptian—Albian期)营城组。104.2—137.0m井段光山核桃粉(Caryapollenites simplex)-拟榛莫米粉(Momipites coryloides)-朴粉未定种(Celtispollenites sp.)-具缘铁杉粉(Tsugaepollenites igniculus)组合特征可以与前人的大安组孢粉组合特征对比,反映的都是暖温带至北亚热带中生气候,而与晚白垩世嫩江组的孢粉组合特征截然不同,应该确定为早中新世晚期至中中新世的大安组。54.2—104.2m井段小蒿粉(Artemisiaepollenites minor)-拟桦粉未定种(Betulaceoipollenites sp.)-枥粉未定种(Carpinipites sp.)-水龙骨单缝孢未定种(Polypodiaceaesporites sp.)组合特征可以与前人的泰康组孢粉组合特征对比,反映的都是暖温带至北亚热带中生偏旱气候,这与前人依据岩石组合特征确定为泰康组的结论一致,孢粉组合时代分析表明,该井段沉积的时间为晚中新世至上新世初期。研究结果丰富了松辽盆地新近纪孢粉地层学内容,为松辽盆地西部斜坡区井下新近纪孢粉地层学对比提供了新资料,也为邻区新近纪生物地层学对比以及古植被和古气候分析提供了新的依据。     

狗鱼(Esox,Teleostei)化石在中国的首次发现

记述了山东龙口黄县洼里煤矿早始新世黄县组二段油页岩中的鱼化石。该鱼身体狭长,背鳍位置靠后;额骨侧面有长形的、狗鱼所特有的副筛骨;额骨甚长;顶骨相对来说甚短;口裂较长;齿骨、前上颌骨及颚部许多骨片均生有扁而尖的牙齿,但上颌骨口缘光滑;外翼骨甚粗壮;鳃盖骨略呈长方形;前鳃盖骨较直,中部略收缩,上、下枝夹角大(约为１３０°);匙骨纵枝短而水平枝长大。困此属于狗鱼科中惟一的狗鱼属是毫无疑问的。根据其头长与体长之比、额骨及顶骨的形状和比例以及背鳍条数目与狗鱼属其他种的不同,我们将它订为一个新种——龙口狗鱼。黄县的化石是狗鱼渐新世以前在北美以外地区的首次发现,也是狗鱼化石在亚洲的首次发现。黄县位于北纬３７°７′,远较现生狗鱼在亚洲分布的地区(４３°和４６°以北)靠南。而始新世全球气候偏暖,巨南北温差较小,始新世狗鱼或较现生种类更适应较温暖的气候。早始新世狗鱼在中国的发现为当时跨太平洋鱼类区系的存在提供了进一步的证据。     

秦岭地区石炭纪两种新的扇状脉植物

记述的两种新植物分别来自秦岭地区的凤县和镇安县。产于凤县草凉驿红花铺草凉驿组的Adiantites honghuapuensis sp．nov．,至少二次羽状复叶,羽片线形,以宽角着生于羽轴上;小羽片椭圆形,羽片基部的小羽片偶尔分裂为2—3个裂片。小羽片基部收缩,有短柄或以较宽的基部着生于羽轴上,扇状脉。另一产自镇安县茅坪东山梁二峪河组的Qinlingopteris orientalis gen．et sp．nov．,其特征是二次羽状复叶,末二级羽轴与末级羽轴夹角较小,大约30^#左右。小羽片亚对生,长卵形或亚圆形,顶端较窄,中部较宽,基部较狭并具短柄;叶脉扇状;羽轴上具间小羽片,间小羽片与正常小羽片等形同大。草凉驿组的地质时代大致为纳缪尔期至维斯发早期,而二峪河组则为早石炭世维宪期。     

塔里木盆地北部早白垩世孢粉组合

根据建组部面和４个钻井剖面舒善河组孢粉化石的研究,建立５个孢粉组合,自老而新为Ｃｌａｓｓｏｐｏｌｌｉｓ－Ｓｃｈｉｚａｅｏｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ组合,Ｃｌａｓｓｏｐｏｌｌｉｓ高含量组合,Ｃｌａｓｓｏｐｏｌｌｉｓ－Ｄｉｃｈｅｉｒｏｐｏｌｌｉｓ组合,Ｃｌａｓｓｏｐｏｌｌｉｓ－Ｄｉｃｈｅｉｒｏｐｏｌｌｉｓ－Ｌｙｇｏｄｉｕｍ－ｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ组合和Ｄｉｃｈｅｉｒｏｐｏｌｌｉｓ高含量组合。根据舒善河组的时代为早白     

新疆吐哈盆地北缘黄山街组孢粉组合

新疆鄯照壁山沟口和柯柯亚剖面黄山街组的孢粉化石,经研究,共有52属77种。命名为Dictyophylli-dites-Aratrisporites-Parataeniaesporites组合（简称DAP组合）。根据组合主要分子的已知时代分布、含量高低变化,以及与有关已知时代孢粉组合进行对比,鉴定其地质时代为晚三叠世早中期。根据孢粉组合恢复古植被,反映当时的气候为温暖潮湿的温带类型。     

The Crassispora kosankei–Cystoptychus azcuyi palynozone of the Upper Carboniferous Tupambi Formation,Tarija Basin,northern Argentina

Well-preserved and diverse palynomorph assemblages were recovered from surface and core samples from the middle to upper section of the Tupambi Formation. The latter is the basal unit of the Macharetı́ Group (Upper Carboniferous) of the Tarija Basin, northern Argentina. Assemblages are composed of trilete miospores, one hilate species, monosaccate pollen grains (one species striated), one praecolpate species and green algae (Botryococcus). Two key species are Cystoptychus azcuyi sp. nov. and Crassispora kosankei (Potonié and Kremp) Bharadwaj emend. Smith and Butterworth enable definition of the first palynozone for this basin. The age, as well as the biostratigraphic and paleogeographic significance of the palynoflora is discussed.     

辽宁义县金家沟义县组砖城子层孢粉组合

辽宁义县金家沟义县组砖城子层的孢粉组合是以无肋双囊类花粉为主(占组合的70%左右),伴以少量Cicatricosisporites,Jugella,Ephedripites,Jiaohepollis等为特征,其基本面貌与北票黄半吉沟义县组尖山沟层的孢粉组合类似,时代同属早白垩世贝利亚斯期,反映温暖湿润的气候环境。     

天津张贵庄晚二叠世孢粉植物群

天津张贵庄SR13号钻孔原归为石盒子组的地层近顶部发现了丰富的孢粉化石,这一组合兼具上石盒子组和孙家沟组孢粉组合的特征。一方面,它与上石盒子组（特别是其上部）组合有不少共同分子,在蕨类孢子和裸子植物花粉（包括具肋花粉）的含量比例上也可以与之对比,但缺乏一些标志分子。另一方面,在属种组成上,当前组合与已知的孙家沟组合也颇可比较,而且出现了一些中生代色彩的分子。这一组合的揭示与研究有助于提高人们对华北晚二叠世晚期孢粉植物群特征的认识。依据当前组合与已知相关孢粉组合的对比讨论,将其时代定为晚二叠世,并倾向于晚二叠世晚期（对应于孙家沟组）。     

中国海相早三叠世弓鲛鱼类(软骨鱼类)的首次报道——华南二叠系—三叠系界线上下鱼类序列研究之一

广西田东县作登下三叠统罗楼组产出弓鲛鱼类 :作登弓鲛Hyboduszuodengensis(Yangetal.)、乐氏弓鲛H .yohi (Yangetal.)和田东多尖齿鱼 (新种 )Polyacrodustiandongensissp .nov .,其中前二种化石以前曾被作为牙形类报道。这是弓鲛鱼类在中国海相早三叠世的首次报道。另外 ,本组还产出属种未定的硬骨鱼类化石 (Osteichthyesgen .etsp .indet.)。建立了我国海相早三叠世第一个鱼类带化石 ,作登弓鲛—乐氏弓鲛组合带 (Hyboduszuodengensis H .yohiAZ) ;伴生的有Neospathodushomeri N .triangularis牙形类带化石 ,该带化石延续的时限为奥伦尼克阶 (Olenekian)司帕斯期 (Spathian)早期。     

中国海相早三叠世弓鲛鱼类(软骨鱼类)的首次报道——华南二叠系一三叠系界线上下鱼类序列研究之一

广西田东县作登下三叠统罗楼组产出弓鲛鱼类作登弓鲛Hybodus zuodengensis(Yang et al.)、乐氏弓鲛H.yohi(Yang et al.)和田东多尖齿鱼(新种)Polyacrodus tiandongensis sp.nov.,其中前二种化石以前曾被作为牙形类报道.这是弓鲛鱼类在中国海相早三叠世的首次报道.另外,本组还产出属种未定的硬骨鱼类化石(Osteichthyes gen.et sp.indet.).建立了我国海相早三叠世第一个鱼类带化石,作登弓鲛-乐氏弓鲛组合带(Hybodus zuodengensisH.yhoi AZ);伴生的有Neospathodushomeri-N.triangularis牙形类带化石,该带化石延续的时限为奥伦尼克阶(Olenekian)司帕斯期(Spathian)早期.     

Microfossils in stromatolitic cherts from the upper proterozoic Min'yar formation, southern Ural Mountains, USSR

A diverse assemblage of exceptionally well-preserved microorganisms, including several previously unknown taxa, has been discovered in stromatolitic black chert from the ca. 680-790 Ma-old Min'yar Formation (Suite) of the southern Ural Mountains, USSR. Like most ancient and modern stromatolitic communities, the Min'yar microflora is dominated by filamentous and unicellular cyanobacteria. Geologic evidence indicates that the microbial community inhabited a shallow water, presumably marine environment. The microfossils occur in two interlaminated and thinly interbedded sedimentary fabrics: 1, fact to wavy-laminated Stratifera-like stromatolitic laminae that presumably were deposited during periods of little wave action; and 2, intraclast grainstone that formed as a result of desiccation and (or) wave agitation. Microfossils are both better preserved and more abundant in the intraclasts than in the Stratifera-like laminae. The occurrence of probable pseudomorphs after replacement of sulfate minerals provides additional evidence for a shallow water, periodically emergent depositional environment for the Min'yar microbial mats. Kerogenous microfossils are three-dimensionally preserved, permineralized in fine-grained silica of primary or early diagenetic origin. In many aspects the Min'yar assemblage is comparable to that of the well-known ca. 850 Ma-old Bitter Springs Formation of central Australia. The following taxa are herein described: Division? Schizomycophyta or ? Cyanophyta, Biocatenoides sp.; Family Oscillatoriaceae, Eomycetopsis robusta Schopf emend. Knoll and Golubic, Rhicnonema antiquum Hofmann, Entosphaeroides? sp., Palaeolyngbya? sp., Siphonophycus capitaneum n. gen., n. sp.; Family? Oscillatoriaceae or? Rivulariaceae, Caudiculophycus? sp.; Family? Scytonemataceae or? Stigonemataceae, Ramivaginalis uralensis n. gen., n. sp.; Family Chroococcaceae, Sphaerophycus medium Horodyski and Donaldson, Eosynechococcus amadeus Knoll and Golubic, Gloeodiniopsis lamellosa Schopf emend. Knoll and Golubic, Gloeodiniopsis magna n. sp., Eoaphanocapsa oparinii n. gen., n. sp.; Division? Chlorophycophyta or? Rhodophycophyta, Glenobotrydion majorinum Schopf and Blacic. Also discussed in the taxonomic section, but not formally described, are intermediate-diameter tubular sheaths (Oscillatoriaceae), small tubular sheaths enclosed by larger tubular sheaths (Oscillatoriaceae?), and undifferentiated spheroidal unicells.     

川南布拖县乌科志留纪早期介形类丽足介目(Myodocopida)

乌科剖面位于四川布拖县乌科乡境内。在此剖面的石门坎组上碎屑岩段中产有相当丰富的介形类丽足介目,特别是球茎介科的化石。经研究、鉴定,初步划分出2个属和6个种,其中包括3个新种(Entomozoe bispinosa sp.nov.,E.suboblongasp.nov.,E.wukeensis sp.nov.),1个比较种和2个未定种。在分析上述属、种,特别是相关种的地质、地理分布特征的基础上,并参考其他门类化石(如腕足类动物群)和岩石性质,提出石门坎组上碎屑岩段可能要低于笔石M.crispus带上部,大致相当于志留纪兰多维列世特列奇期早期。Entomozoe和球茎介科的最早代表推测是产自石门坎组上碎屑岩段Entomozoe的那些分子,如E.suboblongasp.nov.,而非E.tuberosa(Jones),1861(或其亲缘种E.aff.tuberosa)(Siveter et al.,1990,2006)。文中还就上述丽足介目动物群的生态环境进行了分析,指出石门坎组上碎屑岩段可能是在陆棚浅水到相对较深水、能量较低的、温暖的开阔海环境下沉积的。     

陕西彬县地区中侏罗世延安组孢粉植物群及其意义

报道了采自陕西彬县地区中侏罗世延安组的孢粉化石６０属,８３种。经研究表明,陕西彬县地区延安组的孢粉组合是以裸子植物花粉为主,蕨类植物孢子次之。银杏、苏铁类和松柏类花粉在组合中占优势;桫椤科孢子在蕨类中具有较高的含量。根据孢粉组合特征及其对比,延安组的时代应属中侏罗世早期。陕西彬县地区当时的植被是以银杏、苏铁类和松柏类等乔木为主,并伴有桫椤科为主体的树蕨植物及草本植物,古气候应属大陆性亚热带气候。     

Parahorologinella gen.nov.--松辽盆地早白垩世孢形体一新属

Parahorologinella gen．nov．是一类多细胞、单层的定形群体化石,亲缘上可能与绿藻植物门有关。属下仅一种：P．ciconica gen．etsp．nov．,产于松辽盆地东南部登楼库组第三段。据同层孢粉化石的研究,时代为早白垩世阿尔必期,代表微咸一淡水的沉积环境。     

藏南江孜地区古近纪甲查拉组孢粉组合及古环境分析

甲查拉组位于藏南特提斯喜马拉雅北带的江孜盆地,是江孜地区的最高海相地层,被视为新特提斯洋关闭时代的主要证据。通过对甲查拉组剖面的孢粉分析,自下而上划分为3个孢粉组合带:1 Ulmipollenites minor+Ulmoideipites-Myricipites组合带;2 Quercoidites-Caryapollenites组合带;3 Abiespollenites-Betulaceoipollenites+Betulaepollenites组合带。甲查拉组孢粉植物群揭示出其沉积自晚古新世开始,其沉积结束可能延续到早渐新世。推测晚古新世—早始新世为温暖湿润的暖温带或亚热带气候,始新世中晚期为温暖、潮湿的亚热带气候,早渐新世为温和湿润的暖温带气候。