Phlebotomus from Madagascar (Diptera: Psychodidae). III--Description of Phlebotomus (Anaphlebotomus) fontenillei n. sp

The male of Phlebotomus (Anaphlebotomus) fontenillei n. sp. is described from Namoroka area (Madagascar). Its belongs to the subgenus Anaphlebotomus: style with four spines, coxite without basal process and paramere with two branches. It shares with P. berentiensis an original and exclusive antennal formula: 2/III-XII which distinguishes them from P. fertei. P. fontenillei n. sp. differs mainly from P. berentiensis by about 40 setae in tuft on the ventral face of the coxite, the length of the genital ducts and the position of the spines on the style. Sequence of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) is very informative: the male of P. fontenillei n. sp. cannot be linked to the female of P. huberti (male unknown) regarding the size of amplified DNA fragment (459 bp versus 600 respectively) and the high degree of variability. There are few differences (10 mutations) between the sequences of P. fontenillei n. sp. and P. berentiensis which are closely related species.     

Description of Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) Falcaorum sp. n. (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), a fossil sand fly from dominican amber

A new species of sand fly, Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) falcaorum is described from an amber originated from the northern mountain range of Dominican Republic. The male sand fly specimen is well preserved and most features used in Phlebotominae taxonomy are seen with remarkable clarity.     

Description of Pararotylenchus belli n.sp. (Nematoda:Hoplolaimidae)

A new species of Pararotylenchus Baldwin &Bell, 1981 from the Pacific coastal area of California is described. Numerous females and juveniles were recovered, but no males were found. Pararotylenchus belli n.sp. is most similar to P. sphaerocephalus, but females of P. belli are shorter and have a shorter stylet and a hemispherical tail. Specimens from a cereal field in South Dakota were identified as P. colocaudatus.     

Description of Pratylenchoides sheri n. sp. (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae)

Pratylenchoides sheri n. sp., a bisexual species from the Pacific coastal area of California, is described and illustrated. Its most distinctive characters are the esophageal glands slightly overlapping the intestine dorsally, the large ventrally slanting esophago-intestinal valve, the lack of labial sectors in the first lip annule, the presence of males, and apparently functional spermatheca. Pratylenchoides sheri is morphologically similar to P. magnicauda, but differs in length and labial conformation, its more anterior vulva, and the presence of males. Relationships of head and esophagus gland lobe characters of P. sheri are compared to other Pratylenchoides species.     

Paraquimperia Africana n. sp (Nematoda : Quimperiidae), a new intestinal parasite of the eel Anguilla mossambica Peters, in South Africa

A new seuratoid nematode of the family Quimperiidae, Paraquimperia africana n. sp., is described from the small intestine of the longfin eel, Anguilla mossambica Peters, from the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The new species is characterized mainly by the presence of a ventral sucker in mature males, short spicules (147-171 microm), the number and arrangement of caudal papillae, the postesophageal position of the excretory pore, and by the slender female tail. In this new species, a variability in the number (3-5 pairs) of subventral preanal papillae was observed. Paraquimperia africana is the first representative of the genus in Africa. In view of recent reports, Paraquimperia aditum (Mueller, 1934) is considered a junior synonym of Paraquimperia tenerrima (Linstow, 1878). Paraquimperia xenentodonia Gupta and Bakshi, 1984 is considered a species inquirenda.     

Description of Thecavermiculatus carolynae n. sp. (Nematoda: Ataloderinae)

Thecavermiculatus carolynae n. sp. from the Pacific coastal area of California is described from female, male, and juvenile (J2) specimens reared on Festuca megalura Nutt. in the greenhouse. Differences between females of T. carolynae and those of its closest relative, T. gracililancea Robbins, 1978, include shorter stylet, shorter length, and lesser length of the vulval slit. Of these two species, males have been found only for T. carolynae. The habitats of the two species are vastly different: T. gracililancea has been found only in shallow clay soil near hilltops in an area subject to high summer temperatures where the soil becomes brick-like during the summer; T. carolynae has been found only in deep sandy soil of a creek bottom subject to cool summer temperatures where the soil remains moist.     

Srivastavanema cynocephali n. sp. (Nematoda,Trichostrongylina, Heligmosomoidea), a parasite of a dermopteran from Indonesia

Srivastavanema cynocephali n. sp., a parasite of Cynocephalus variegatus (Dermoptera) from Indonesia, is described. This species is closely related to S. yapi Durette-Desset & Lim Boo Liat, 1975, in the characters of the synlophe at the mid-body and in the shape of the caudal bursa, but it is distinguished by the pattern of the synlophe in the posterior part of the body, very long, thin rays 2 and 3, a less developed genital cone, the absence of a membrane between left and right rays 6, and longer spicules. Its morphology is slightly less specialised than the four previously known species of the genus, which are all parasites of petauristines. The genus Srivastavanema (Singh, 1962) has a systematic position between the Heligmonellinae and the Brevistriatinae. Therefore, it may be a parasite of the Dermoptera which could have secondarily evolved within the Petauristinae. The Dermoptera may have played an important role in the evolution of the Heligmonellinae.     

Isomermis bipapillatus n. sp. and Gastromermis mesostoma n. sp. (Mermithidae: Nematoda), parasites of Simulium japonicum (Simuliidae: Diptera) in Japan

Summary Two new species of the Mermithidae (Nematoda) are described from the Japanese blackfly Simulium japonicum Matsumura. They are the first representatives of Gastromermis and Isomermis from Japan. Gastromermis mesostoma n. sp. is characterized by a terminal or near terminal mouth, 6 hypodermal cords and the absence of cloacal or vulvar lips. Isomermis bipapillatus n. sp. is characterized by the small size of the spicules, their curved shape and by a pair of terminal hypodermal protuberances in the tail. This work was in part supported by a grant (No. 58570188) from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Science and Culture This work was in part supported by a grant (No. 58570188) from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Science and Culture     

Pterygodermatites (Mesopectines) senegalensis n. sp. (Nematoda, Rictulariidae), a parasite of Mastomys huberti (Rodentia, Muridae) in Senegal

Pterygodermatites (Mesopectines) senegalensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Rictulariidae) is described from Mastomys huberti in Senegal. It differs from other species of the subgenus by the morphology of the head, which exhibits 4 simple cephalic papillae and a nearly axial buccal opening, the length of the spicules, the number of precloacal cuticular formations, and the absence of cephalic apophyses.     

Description of Kiefferulus opalensis n.sp. (Diptera: Chironomidae)

A new species of Kiefferulus Goetghebuer is described and compared with species from Australia. This is the first record of the genus in New Zealand.     

Tetrameres tarapungae n.sp. (Nematoda: Spirurida), a parasite of the red-billed gull,Larus novaehollandiae scopulinus

Abstract

Tetrameres (Tetrameres) tarapungae n.sp. is described from specimens from the proventriculus of juvenile red-billed gulls from Kaikoura, New Zealand. The male is characterised by having two short rows of lateral cervical cuticular spines that do not extend beyond the middle of the oesophagus, a body length of 2.2–2.6 mm, and the larger spicule longer than half the body length. The male tail bears four pairs of subventral papillae and two pairs of lateral papillae. The pathology of the infections is described briefly.     

Description and Larval Heteromorphism of Hoplolaimus concaudajuvencus,n. sp. (Nematoda: Hoplolain-lidae)

Hoplolaimus concaudajuvencus n. sp., of the genus Hoplolaimus Daday, 1905, characterized by larval heteromorphism, is described and illustrated as recovered from ryegrass/bermudagrass golf green turf in Florida. Females and males are closely related to H. galeatus (Cobb, 1913) Thorne, 1935, but have longer stylets with more definitely tulip-shaped stylet knobs which anteriorly tend to close upon the stylet shaft more than in H. galeatus. First and second-stage larvae have a conically-pointed tail unlike any known species of the genus. Subsequent stages, including females, have rounded tails essentially similar to other species of the genus and males possess the typical hopolaimid tail and bursa. The first molt was found to occur within the egg.     

Ascogregarina saraviae n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Lecudinidae) in Lutzomyia lichyi (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Ascogregarina saraviae n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Lecudinidae) is described from wild-caught Lutzomyia lichyi (Diptera: Psychodidae) females. Gametocysts adhered to the hemocoel side of the genital accessory gland walls and oocysts were injected into their lumina. Sporulated oocysts were ellipsoidal, 12.4 x 5.8 (11.6-13.1 x 5.6-5.9) micrometers, contained eight sporozoites and a refractile residuum. The elongate form of A. saraviae n. sp. oocysts, and their more delicate walls, clearly distinguish them from oocysts of A. chagasi (Adler & Mayrink, 1961).     

The development of Psychodiella sergenti (Apicomplexa: Eugregarinorida) in Phlebotomus sergenti (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Psychodiella sergenti is a recently described specific pathogen of the sand fly Phlebotomus sergenti, the main vector of Leishmania tropica. The aim of this study was to examine the life cycle of Ps. sergenti in various developmental stages of the sand fly host. The microscopical methods used include scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy of native preparations and histological sections stained with periodic acid-Schiff reaction. Psychodiella sergenti oocysts were observed on the chorion of sand fly eggs. In 1st instar larvae, sporozoites were located in the ectoperitrophic space of the intestine. No intracellular stages were found. In 4th instar larvae, Ps. sergenti was mostly located in the ectoperitrophic space of the intestine of the larvae before defecation and in the intestinal lumen of the larvae after defecation. In adults, the parasite was recorded in the body cavity, where the sexual development was triggered by a bloodmeal intake. Psychodiella sergenti has several unique features. It develops sexually exclusively in sand fly females that took a bloodmeal, and its sporozoites bear a distinctive conoid (about 700 nm long), which is more than 4 times longer than conoids of the mosquito gregarines.