对虾病毒病和细菌合并感染的病理特点和诊断价值

应用电镜超薄切片及光学石蜡切和环氧树脂薄片技术,观察健康对照组,疾病始发组和濒临死亡组的草虾,中国对虾、日本对虾和肝胰腺和中肠。结果在３组４种对虾中均检测到病毒,只在濒临死亡组的４种对虾中发现病毒与细菌的合并感染。合并染的病毒有ＭＢＶ,球形病毒和淋细胞核型杆状病毒。细菌以弧菌为主。其病理变化表现为器官和组织的保护层受损、溶解样坏死和凝固样坏死,仅以病毒和细菌合并感染徐为养殖对虾病毒病早期诊断的指标     

1996年中国对虾暴发性流行病病毒病原研究

１９９６年６月至８月,青岛地区养殖的中国对虾大面积暴发流行病,死亡率达９０％以上。发病对虾典型表征为甲壳白斑。病虾鳃组织匀浆滤液经微孔滤膜过滤除菌后,注射给健康对虾进行人工感染试验,９天内累计死亡率达１００％,发病症状及体征与自然发病对虾相似。电镜下自然发病对虾鳃、胃、头胸甲下表皮、淋巴样器官、触角腺等组织细胞核内发现大量杆状病毒,未见包涵体;人工感染对虾相同组织中可见大量同样病毒。切片中病毒粒子     

对虾病毒病病毒和细菌合并感染的病理特点和诊断价值

应用电镜超薄切片及光学石蜡切片和环氧树脂薄片技术,观察健康对照组、疾病始发组和濒临死亡组的草虾、中国对虾、日本对虾和长毛对虾的肝胰腺和中肠,结果在３组４种对虾中均检测到病毒,只在濒临死亡组的４种对虾中发现病毒与细菌的合并感染。合并感染的病毒有ＭＢＶ、球形病毒和淋巴样细胞核型杆状病毒。细菌以弧菌为主,其病理变化表现为器官和组织的保护层受损、溶解样坏死和凝固样坏死。仅以病毒和细菌合并感染作为养殖对虾病毒病早期诊断的指标是不够的,仅可作为辅助性诊断指标。但合并感染对评估对虾病毒病的预后以指导捕捞,却有一定意义。     

中国对虾杆状病毒基因克隆及探针制备与检测

从收集的中国对虾（Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）病虾样品中分离到一种杆状病毒,经负染在电镜下观察,完整病毒粒子大小为１１０×２８０～３２０ｎｍ。病毒核酸经ＥｃｏＲＩ酶切,克隆到ｐＵＣ１８质粒上,经筛选得到两个克隆Ｌ４６、Ｍ１３,克隆片段分别为２．１４ｋｂ和３．５８ｋｂ。将这两个基因片段和对虾白斑综合征杆状病毒（ＷｈｉｔｅＳｐｏｔＳｙｎｄｒｏｍｅＢａｃｕｌｏｖｉｒｕｓ,简称ＷＳＳＶ）基因克隆片段Ａ２６制备探针,共同用点杂交法对我国沿海地区的病虾样品进行检测,以了解我国沿海地区对虾杆状病毒的分布,并确定中国对虾杆状病毒与ＷＳＳＶ的同源性。     

急性致死性对虾病的杆状病毒病原研究

近年来,上海郊区饲养中国对虾（Ｐｅｎａｃｕｓ ｃｈｉｎｅｓｉｓ ｏｓｂｅｃｋ）的虾塘发生大面积的流行病。经对病虾的鳃、肝、胰腺或中肠组织进行超薄切片处理及电镜观察。发现在这些组织的细胞核内存在大量有囊膜包裹的杆状病毒,有时一个囊膜还可同时包裹两个病毒的核衣壳。经有机溶剂处理、差速离心及密度梯度离心,可以获得部分提纯的病毒和病毒核衣壳制剂。超薄切片中,病毒粒子大小约为４４０－５００×１７０－１８０ｎ     

对虾白斑综合征杆状病毒同源性比较的研究

比较我国沿海不同海域对虾白斑综合征杆状病毒三个分离株即唐海分离株（渤海湾）,宁波分离株（东海）,深圳分离株（南海）的同源性。三个WSSV分离株基因组的限制性内切酶(Sac I,Hind III,Pst I)酶切多态（RFLP）以及病毒结构蛋白图谱完全一致,证实造成我国从南至北对虾爆发性流行病的对虾白斑杆状病毒为同一种病毒。利用高保真Taq酶,分别以报道的日本对虾杆状病毒（RV-PJ＝PRDV）,斑节对虾白斑综合征杆状病毒（WSBV＝PmNOBIII）基因组核酸片段特异性引物进行PCR扩增,结果均能从中国对虾白斑杆状病毒（WSSV）基因组中扩增得到相应大小的PCR产物,扩增产物序列分析表明中国对虾白斑杆状病毒（WSSV）与斑节对虾白斑综合征杆状病毒（WSBV＝PmNOBIII）,日本对虾杆状病毒（RV－PJ＝PRDV）同源率分别为100％与97％,其结果为证实亚洲及太平洋地区对虾白斑综合征杆状病毒为同一种病毒或同一种病毒的不同株系提供了证据。     

对虾白斑综合征杆状病毒同源性比较的研究

比较我国沿海不同海域对虾白斑综合征杆状病毒三个分离株：即唐海分离株（渤海湾）、宁波分离株（东海）,深圳分离株（南海）的同源性。三个WSSV分离株基因组的限制笥内切酶（Sac Ⅰ,HindⅢ,PstⅠ）酶切多态（RFLP）以及病毒结构蛋白图谱完全一致,证实造成我国从南对北对虾爆发性流行病的对虾白斑杆状病毒为同一种病毒。利用高保真Taq酶,分别以报道的日本对虾杆状病毒（RV－PJ－PRDV）,斑节对虾白斑综合征杆状病毒（WSBV－PmNOBⅢ）基因组核酸片段特异性引物进行PCR扩增,结果均能从中国一杆状病毒（WSSV）基因组中扩增得到相应大小的PCR产物,扩增产物序列分析表明中国对虾白斑杆状病毒（WSSV）与斑节对虾白斑综合征杆状病毒（WSBV－PmNOBⅢ）,日本对虾相状RV-PJ=PRDV)同源率分别为100％与97％,其结果为证实亚洲及太平洋地区对虾白斑综合征杆状病毒为同一种病毒或同一种病毒的不同株系提供了依据。     

注意杆状病毒科分类的变化

杆状病毒由于被广泛用作目的基因的表达载体倍受重视.近年来证实某些杆状病毒对虾具有致病性,从而成为研究热点之一.目前公认的最重要的对虾致病病毒是对虾白斑综合征病毒(white spot syndromviruS,WSSV),在我国养殖对虾中广为流行,引致重大经济损失.不少文献将WSSV称作对虾白斑病杆状病毒,其实并不准确.     

无包涵体杆状病毒在中国对虾主要器官组织中的分布

研究自然发病和人工感染的中国对虾胃等10种器官组织内杯状病毒的分布情况,结果在病虾的胃、皮下组织、鳃、循环血细胞,肠的上皮和结缔组织细胞中,观察到大量病毒粒子,是该杆状病毒侵染的主要器官组织;在类淋巴、,肝脏、肝胰腺的组织细胞中,观察到中等数量的病毒粒子;在症状典型的病重虾腹神经索,肌肉组织细胞中观察到少量病毒粒子。表明病毒在病虾机体内广泛分布,已形成周身性感染。该病毒主要侵染以上器官的疏松结缔组织细胞、上皮细胞和循环血细胞,其次是神经胶质细胞和心肌细胞。在中国对虾的神经胶质细胞、心肌细胞、循环血细胞以及各主要器官的疏松结缔组织细胞中,目前尚未见到报道存在有杆状病毒粒子。     

注意杆状病毒科分类的变化

杆状病毒由于被广泛用作目的基因的表达载体倍受重视。近年来证实某些杆状病毒对虾具有致病性 ,从而成为研究热点之一。目前公认的最重要的对虾致病病毒是对虾白斑综合征病毒 (ｗｈｉｔｅｓｐｏｔｓｙｎｄｒｏｍｖｉｒｕｓ ,ＷＳＳＶ) ,在我国养殖对虾中广为流行 ,引致重大经济损失。不少文献将ＷＳＳＶ称作对虾白斑病杆状病毒 ,其实并不准确。国际病毒分类委员会 (ＩＣＴＶ)在 1982年出版的第 4次病毒分类报告中将杆状病毒科 (Ｂａｃｕｌｏｖｉｒｉｄａｅ)分 4个亚群 :核多角体病毒亚群、颗粒体病毒亚群、Ｃ亚群及Ｄ亚群[1] 。第 5次病毒分…     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.