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山地麻晰繁殖生态的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
1997年3月至1998年8月,在徐州市近郊的牛头山对山地麻晰的繁殖生态进行了研究。3~7月为繁殖期,其中4~5月为交配产卵盛期。雌雄性比为11.6。从交配到产卵为26天,卵白色、革质、椭圆形。长径平均为1.37(1.23~1.53)cm,短径平均为0.86(0.7~1.06)cm,卵重平均为0.6(0.4~0.85)g,每窝平均产卵4.1(3~5)枚。孵化期为50天。初孵出的小麻晰尾端为蓝绿色, 相似文献
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辽东半岛水利建设造成洄游型香鱼资源下降,并在碧流河水库、转角楼水库形成了陆封型香鱼。陆封型香鱼发生了①个体小型化:体长和体重由洄游型香鱼的20─25cm(平均22.6cm),150─250g(平均204g),分别下降到10─18cm(平均13.6cm),和13─73g(平均36.5g)。②性状变异:洄游型香鱼体长为体高的3.7─4.7倍,为头长的4.5─5.3倍,而陆封型香鱼体长为体高的4.3─6.5倍,为头长的3.9─4.3倍。③怀卵量减少,产卵期提前:洄游型香鱼怀卵量为1.0─8.5万粒(平均3.1万位).产卵盛期为9月底至10月上旬,而陆封型香鱼的怀卵量为0.32─0.61万粒(平均0.40万粒),产卵盛期为9月上旬至下旬,提前20d左右。 相似文献
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1985—1994年的3—11月,在山西省代县对小鸊鷉的繁殖生物学进行了研究。该鸟在山西省为夏候鸟,每年最早3月6日迁来,最晚11月24日迁离,居留期为255天左右。种群密度在繁殖前的4月为1.37,繁殖后的9月为1.95(只/ha)。产卵始期为5月27日,日产1枚,窝卵数5—8枚,产出第二枚卵时开始孵卵。观察到最早孵卵期为5月28日,孵卵期20-22d。雏鸟出壳先后顺序与产卵先后顺序相一致,孵化率为95.45%,雏鸟为早成鸟。 相似文献
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1985-1994年的3-11月,在山西省代县对小PiTi的繁殖生物学进行了研究。该鸟在山西省为夏候鸟,每年最虫3月6日迁来,最晚11月24日迁离,居留期为255天左右。种群密度在繁殖前的4月为1.37,繁殖后的9月为1.95(只/ha)。产卵始期为5月27日,日产1枚,窝卵数5-8枚,产出第二枚卵时开始孵卵。观察到最早孵卵期为5月28日,孵卵期为20-22d。雏鸟出壳先后顺序与产卵先后顺序相一致 相似文献
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1993-1995年,在芦芽山自然保护区对我国二重点保护物(BuboBubo)的生态进行了调查,在本地区ChiXiao栖于山地疏林、岩石灌丛及丘陵农田。每年3-6月繁殖,3月下旬产卵、每隔2-3d产卵一枚,每窝产卵2-4枚、孵卵期39d、孵化率88.89%。雏鸟被亲鸟抚育70d后离巢。本区ChiXiao食物以农林鼠类主。 相似文献
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荒漠沙蜥繁殖生态研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
荒漠沙蜥(Phrynocephalusprzewalskii)1年繁殖1次,有明显的季节性周期。4月初出蛰时雄性精巢已相当发育,5月其重量和体积最大,6月变小,进入精子发生的晚期,7月降到最小,8月开始回升,10月中旬入蛰时已接近春季出蛰时水平。1年内仅7月精巢中无精子。雌性出蛰后卵细胞开始发育,4月下旬进入成熟期,6月达高峰,7月下降,8月进入休止期。每雌年产卵1~3枚或1~4枚,平均1.83(n=48,1987)和2.17(n=48,1993)。特定体长组的生殖率是影响种群年平均生殖率的主要因素。生殖周期与光周期相符,光周期是影响荒漠沙蜥生殖周期的主要气候因子。 相似文献
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The food consumption and egg production of 26 adult (13 female and 13 male) Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) were monitored during prespawning, spawning and postspawning periods. Females spawned from late January to mid-April. Feeding activity occurred from December to early January and ceased for females, on average, 36 days (15–54 days) before the onset of spawning. The duration of spawning by females was, on average, 42 days (10–61 days) and feeding was suppressed by both sexes during the first three-quarters of each female's spawning period. Mature females went, on average, 70 days or 19% of the year without eating. An abrupt increase in feeding activity, particularly by females, occurred during the last quarter of spawning or shortly after the release of the last egg batch (on average, feeding started again after 91% of a female's eggs had been released or 82% of egg batches). Females consumed greater quantities of food than males during both winter and postspawning feeding periods. During spawning, females lost, on average, 29% of their body weight and males 14%. Fecundity ranged from 0.75 to 3.97 million eggs per female. The volume of eggs produced by four individual females (range = 1285–5995 ml in four to 11 batches) ranged from 99 to 195% (mean 150%) of a female's postspawning body volume. Six immature cod fed throughout the experimental period and gained, on average, 8% of initial body weight. Laboratory results were supported by stomach fullness index values of Georges Bank cod exhibiting different maturity states. 相似文献
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Eggs and larvae of anchovy were obtained from plankton collections made along the Catalan coast (north-western Mediterranean) from 1983 to 1985 in order to determine spawning seasons and areas and other aspects of its life history. Previous studies have shown the existence of two main spawning areas, to the north and south of the Catalan coast, respectively. The northern one is characterized by a shorter spawning period related with the thermal cycle.
Mortality rates of larvae aged 4.9-15 days were calculated from the peak spawning month (June) of the three years, separately by spawning areas. Data on abundance by length classes were adjusted for escape and net avoidance and for duration of growth through a size class as derived from otolith readings. Mortality rates ranged from 0.17 to 0.58. Mortality was higher in 1983 than in 1984 and 1985, coinciding with a high production of anchovy eggs in that year. Mortality at the northern spawning area was lower than at the southern one. 相似文献
Mortality rates of larvae aged 4.9-15 days were calculated from the peak spawning month (June) of the three years, separately by spawning areas. Data on abundance by length classes were adjusted for escape and net avoidance and for duration of growth through a size class as derived from otolith readings. Mortality rates ranged from 0.17 to 0.58. Mortality was higher in 1983 than in 1984 and 1985, coinciding with a high production of anchovy eggs in that year. Mortality at the northern spawning area was lower than at the southern one. 相似文献
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The mortality of Sea of Okhotsk pink salmon in the winter and spring varies significantly from year to year, which complicates forecasts of its arrival in the following year based on data on the downstream migration of fry and surveys in the fall. The size-selective mortality of pink salmon was studied and the possibility of using the size and weight parameters of juveniles for predicting their return was evaluated through measurements of scale increments in juvenile pink salmon that were caught in the southern Sea of Okhotsk in the fall of 2007 and 2008 and in fish of these year classes that came back to spawn. In the 2007 year class, which had a low overwinter survival level in the ocean, the average scale increments for the first year of life were considerably smaller than those in adult fish that returned to the spawning grounds. In the pink salmon of 2008, which had a very high level of overwinter survival, the values of scale increments in juveniles and adults were similar. This confirms the hypothesis of a critical size and a critical period, according to which slowly growing juveniles that do not accumulate enough energy reserves for summer are eliminated in the winter to a greater extent as compared to fast-growing fish. Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between the size and weight of juvenile pink salmon and their mortality in the ocean. After conducting further and more extensive studies this will allow using the size parameters of juvenile pink salmon as one of predictors of its return for the year following the fall surveys. These results emphasize how important it is to take the size and growth rate of juvenile salmon into account when forecasting their return. 相似文献
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Kooi BW van der Meer J 《Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences》2010,365(1557):3579-3590
In this paper, we describe a technique to evaluate the evolutionary dynamics of the timing of spawning for iteroparous species. The life cycle of the species consists of three life stages, embryonic, juvenile and adult whereby the transitions of life stages (gametogenesis, birth and maturation) occur at species-specific sizes. The dynamics of the population is studied in a semi-chemostat environment where the inflowing food concentration is periodic (annual). A dynamic energy budget-based continuous-time model is used to describe the uptake of the food, storage in reserves and allocation of the energy to growth, maintenance, development (embryos, juveniles) and reproduction (adults). A discrete-event process is used for modelling reproduction. At a fixed spawning date of the year, the reproduction buffer is emptied and a new cohort is formed by eggs with a fixed size and energy content. The population consists of cohorts: for each year one consisting of individuals with the same age which die after their last reproduction event. The resulting mathematical model is a finite-dimensional set of ordinary differential equations with fixed 1-year periodic boundary conditions yielding a stroboscopic map. We will study the evolutionary development of the population using the adaptive dynamics approach. The trait is the timing of spawning. Pairwise and mutual invasibility plots are calculated using bifurcation analysis of the stroboscopic map. The evolutionary singular strategy value belonging to the evolutionary endpoint for the trait allows for an interpretation of the reproduction strategy of the population. In a case study, parameter values from the literature for the bivalve Macoma balthica are used. 相似文献
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Richard M. Starr Enric Ballesteros Enric Sala Josep Maria Llenas 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》2018,101(12):1641-1655
Many grouper (Epinephelidae) species aggregate to spawn at specific times of year, at consistent locations, and at specific times of day and phases of the moon. The tiger grouper (Mycteroperca tigris) is widely distributed in the Caribbean Sea and aggregates to spawn just after the full moon. In January and February 2003–2005, we conducted visual surveys of a tiger grouper spawning aggregation at Glover’s Reef, Belize. The primary objectives of this study were to describe grouper spawning activities with respect to the timing of the lunar cycle, identify and describe male and female spawning behaviors, and estimate the number of grouper spawning events each day. The peak number of both male and female tiger groupers counted each year occurred from 6 to 10 d after the full moon. The peak count of males was 1.6–2.2 times greater than the peak count of females. Six categories of male–male and six categories of male–female interactions were identified. All male tiger groupers displayed an ability to rapidly change color; this was often triggered by a close encounter with other male or female tiger groupers. The daily spawning activity was remarkably predictable. The first spawning occurred on average 8.1 min before sunset, and the last occurred 5.1 min after sunset. On average, less than half of the females at the spawning site spawned each day, but some females spawned more than once in a given day. Females appeared to choose their mates. 相似文献
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Lasker HR 《The Biological bulletin》2006,210(1):10-17
Colonies of the Caribbean gorgonian Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae release eggs that are retained on the colony surface where they are fertilized and then develop. In December 2001, spawning on San Salvador Island, Bahamas, occurred over 6 d, with spawning by any one colony limited to 1-3 d. With the exception of the first and last days of the spawning period, fertilization success was high, often greater than 90%. Eggs collected in December 2001 had an overall fertilization success of more than 66%. At one site, the increase in fertilization after the first day of spawning correlated with male spawning, but male gonad index was a poor predictor of fertilization success. The number of male colonies close to a female was not correlated with fertilization success. Surface brooding is an efficient mechanism for "harvesting" sperm released upstream of female colonies. By maintaining their eggs at a single location, surface-brooding species can extend the period over which eggs are likely to encounter sperm. As a result, fertilization success is summed across the temporal variance in sperm availability, and the need for very high densities of sperm, with its concomitant risk of polyspermy, may be reduced. 相似文献
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Nagasaka R Okamoto N Ushio H 《Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Comparative experimental biology》2006,305(6):507-512
It is well known that ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) die after spawning and have a life span of only 1 year. The determinants for such a short life span are probably connected with spawning and related changes in hormonal homeostases. One of these changes is that the ayu's feeding activity decreases both during and after spawning. We investigated the relationships among leptin, one of the regulators of food intake, and two other major hormones, 17 beta-estradiol and prolactin (PRL). Ir-leptin levels were significantly higher during spawning, and were associated with a decrease in appetite. Ir-leptin levels were also synchronized with levels of 17 beta-estradiol and PRL-like protein. Therefore, one possible explanation for the decrease in appetite during ayu spawning is that the elevation of 17 beta-estradiol homeostasis induced the secretion of Ir-leptin. The inability to decrease leptin to the basal levels because of high estrogen after spawning could be in part responsible for the short life span of ayu. 相似文献
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NICOLAOS K. PAPAGEORGIOU 《Freshwater Biology》1977,7(6):559-565
SUMMARY. In Lake Agios Vasilios, male perch become sexually mature during their first year of life whereas females become sexually mature during their second year. The mean absolute fecundity was 8080 eggs; values ranged from 2080 to 28488. The mean relative fecundity was 141 eggs/g body wet weight (ranging from 113 to 201). The absolute increase in weight of gonads is related to the age of the fish. The spawning period is from the middle of March to the beginning of April, at a mean water temperature of 8°C. 相似文献
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We studied the diel timing of spawning in the demersally spawning Hawaiian damselfish, Dascyllus albisella, from mid-June to late-September 1997 at two small patch reefs in Hawaii. Our objectives were to elucidate daily timing of spawning in relation to water temperature, diel timing of hatching, and short-period spawning synchrony. Spawning occurred every 5–7 days at both reefs, with all spawning on a reef concluded either within a single day (1-day spawning) or within two successive days (2-day spawning). Spawning began in early morning and continued for most of the day. There was a significant, positive linear relationship between mean daily average water temperature (= daily average temperature averaged over the period starting from the day following the last spawning day of the preceding nest cycle till the day before the first spawning day of the current cycle) and peak spawning hour of day, for 1-day spawning, and the first and second days of 2-day spawning at both reefs. The relationship between mean daily average water temperature and peak spawning hour of day was comparable among all spawning-day classes and reefs. Hatching occurred on the fourth day of development throughout the study despite the 26.5–29.1°C change in water temperature during the study period, and hatching was restricted to within two hours after sunset. We propose that D. albisella's peak spawning time is positively correlated with increased water temperature because it maintains the benefits of synchronous spawning within two constraints: the narrow daily period of hatching, and the inverse relationship between water temperature and embryo developmental time. 相似文献