不同灌水量下限对高羊茅绿期及抗寒性生理指标的影响

采用盆栽试验的方法,研究了秋末冬初不同灌水量下限\[分别占田间持水量(FC)的80%、70%、60%、50%\]对高羊茅绿期及抗寒性生理指标的影响.结果表明：在冬季低温条件下,80%和70%FC灌水处理使高羊茅叶片相对含水量、保护酶(SOD、POD和CAT)活性、叶绿素、可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸含量维持在较高水平,丙二醛含量和电解质外渗率降低,高羊茅的抗寒性增强.80%FC灌水处理分别较70%、60%和50%FC处理的草坪草绿期延长4、22和28 d,到达枯黄休眠的时间最晚,完成返青的时间最早.综合考虑节水和提高水分利用效率等多种因素,70%FC灌水处理为高羊茅秋末冬初季节最佳的灌水下限.     

水杨酸对不同灌水下限青花菜生理特性及产量品质的影响

以青花菜为试材,采用大田试验研究了0.15mmol/L水杨酸(SA)对不同灌水下限(75%、60%和45%土壤相对含水量)青花菜生理特性及产量品质的影响。结果显示:(1)随灌水下限的降低,青花菜叶片相对含水量、水势及叶绿素含量均呈下降趋势,而其叶片电解质渗透率以及游离脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白(Pr)含量逐渐升高;青花菜的花球重及维生素C含量(Vc)随灌水下限的降低而降低,相反硝酸盐含量及可溶性固形物含量随之升高。(2)叶面喷施0.15mmol/L SA显著提高了青花菜叶片相对含水量、水势、渗透调节物质含量、产量及品质,且降低了膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量,其中以45%灌水下限处理效果最为显著,60%灌水下限处理次之,75%灌水下限处理最小。研究认为,适宜浓度外源SA通过改善青花菜叶片水分生理状况,提高叶片渗透调节物质含量,降低质膜透性来增强其对干旱胁迫的抗性,且以60%灌水下限配合叶面喷施0.15mmol/L SA处理较佳。     

不同水分梯度下楸树苗期生长及光合特征比较

以1a生楸树根插苗为试验材料, 设置95%—100%FC、85%—90%FC、70%—75%FC、50%—55%FC等不同梯度的土壤含水量, 对生长旺季的光合特征及生长量进行测量, 研究苗期楸树对不同土壤水分含量的生长及光合特征响应。结果显示: 高土壤含水量(≧85%FC)和低土壤含水量(≦75%)地径和苗高生长量差异显著(P<0.05), 随着土壤含水量逐渐下降, 地径和苗高生长量、根重、茎重及根干比均呈下降趋势。光合特征比较发现, 上午净光合速率显著高于下午, 净光合速率的日变化主要直接受制于气孔因素; 85%—90%FC处理叶片的净光合日总量最大, 50%—55%FC处理叶片的净光合日总量最小。在所有光强梯度下, 高土壤水分含量处理(≧85%FC)的叶片净光合速率均明显较高, 尤其是85%—90%FC处理, 光利用能力和光合潜力都具有较大优势。从生长和光合特征综合分析结果可以看出, 四种处理中85%—90%FC处理最有优势和潜力, 是楸树苗期生长最为适宜的土壤含水量。     

不同水肥条件下分根区交替灌溉对玉米生理特性和水分利用的影响

为探讨分根区交替灌溉(AI)条件下作物生理响应和水分利用情况,在不同水肥条件下,以常规灌溉为对照,研究了分根区交替灌溉(AI)对玉米总干物质量、水分利用和生理指标的影响以及这些指标在恢复正常灌水后的恢复补偿能力,以期为玉米实施分根区交替灌溉提供科学依据。盆栽试验包括2种氮磷(NP)肥水平,2种灌溉方式和不同亏水水平,即拔节前期至中期(18d)进行正常灌水(70%—80%θf,θf是田间持水量)、轻度亏水(60%—70%θf)和中度亏水(50%—60%θf),拔节前期至中期处理后拔节中期至抽雄期(18d)进行正常灌水(70%—80%θf)和轻度亏水(60%—70%θf)。结果表明:与常规灌溉相比,拔节前期至抽雄期AI不显著影响玉米叶片叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量,总干物质量和水分利用效率;与正常灌水相比,拔节前期至抽雄期轻度亏水也不显著影响上述指标;拔节前期至中期中度亏水降低玉米叶绿素含量和总干物质量,提高可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量,但是该处理在拔节中期至抽雄期恢复正常灌水后这些指标均恢复到一直正常灌水的水平。此外,施肥水平对各项指标的影响也不显著。因此,轻度亏水、低肥和拔节前期至抽雄期分根区交替灌溉结合可以节约灌水量和施肥量。     

CO2浓度和土壤含水量对植物个体尺度短期水分利用效率的影响

分析植物个体短期水分利用效率(WUE_p)对CO₂浓度(C_a)和土壤含水量(SWC)的响应,可提高对气候变化下个体生存策略的认识。本研究以侧柏幼树为对象,在模拟气候箱中进行培养试验,设400(C₄₀₀)、600(C₆₀₀)和800 μmol·mol^-1CO₂(C₈₀₀)浓度处理和35%～45%田间持水量(FC)、50%～60%FC、60%～70%FC、70%～80%FC、95%～100%FC土壤含水量处理,共15个处理。WUE_p对C_a和SWC的响应用包裹式茎流计、称重法结合静态同化箱测定。结果表明: 个体日间(0.12～1.87 mol·h^-1)和夜间蒸腾速率(0.01～0.16 mol·h^-1)均在C₄₀₀×70%～80%FC时达到最大值,个体日间净光合速率(2.12～22.10 mmol·h^-1)在C₈₀₀×70%～80%FC时达到最大值,而个体夜间呼吸速率(0.84～4.41 mmol·h^-1)随SWC的增加而增加,随C_a的增加而减小,在C₄₀₀×95%～100%FC时达到最大值。WUE_p(5.37～24.35 mmol·mol^-1)在C₈₀₀×50%～60%FC时达到最大值,表明高C_a和干旱条件下,植物个体可通过生理可塑性调整,利用较少的水分固定更多的碳;此外,当个体间形态特征差异较小时,叶片瞬时水分利用效率可以较好地指示WUE_P的变化。     

土壤水分对强筋小麦‘豫麦34’氮素同化酶活性和籽粒品质的影响

 以强筋型小麦(Triticum aestivum)品种‘豫麦34号’为材料,采用盆栽方法研究了土壤水分对氮素同化酶活性及籽粒品质的影响。结果表明：旗叶硝酸还原酶（NR）活性于花后呈下降趋势,且土壤含水量为田间持水量（FC）60%的处理活性最强,其次为40%FC,活性最低的是80%FC。旗叶和籽粒中谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）活性于开花15 d前均呈下降趋势,15 d后均为上升趋势,各水分处理间酶活性大小关系是：80%FC＞60%FC＞40%FC。各水分处理间旗叶和籽粒谷氨酸合成酶（GOGAT）活性的大小关系同GS。60%FC籽粒产量及品质最优,80%FC产量次之,40%FC产量最低;40%FC品质次之,80%FC品质最低。不同水分处理下籽粒蛋白质含量与叶片NR、GS 和籽粒GOGAT活性均呈正相关,与旗叶GOGAT活性呈负相关。且40%FC和80%FC下籽粒蛋白质含量只与旗叶GS活性相关性达显著水平, 60%FC下蛋白质含量则与旗叶NR和籽粒GS活性均达显著相关,与旗叶GS活性达极显著相关。     

高羊茅对高温的生理生态响应

分析了昼/夜38℃/30℃高温下2种高羊茅草坪草(凌志和交战Ⅱ)与狗牙根叶片的相对含水量、叶绿素含量、细胞膜脂过氧化、抗氧化系统以及光合作用等生理生态指标的变化.结果表明:随高温时间的延长,2种高羊茅的相对含水量、叶绿素含量、净光合速率和最大光能转化效率均呈降低趋势,而且凌志高羊茅的平均降幅小于交战Ⅱ高羊茅.经过9d的高温处理,凌志高羊茅叶片超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶的平均活性比交战Ⅱ高羊茅分别高19.7%、17.9%和17.7%,而凌志和交战Ⅱ高羊茅的净光合速率分别下降了60.7%和81.9%.与交战Ⅱ高羊茅相比,凌志高羊茅具有更高的光化学转换功能,有利于减轻高温对光合器官的损伤,使其保持较高的净光合速率.在整个高温处理过程中,狗牙根的各项生理生态指标随时间变化的差异不显著.狗牙根、凌志高羊茅和交战Ⅱ高羊茅对高温胁迫的适应能力由强到弱.     

控制性分根交替灌溉下氮形态对番茄生长、果实产量及品质的影响

以高产大果型西红柿品种中研988为材料,采用分根培养的方法,研究了控制性分根交替灌溉(APRI)条件下,不同氮素形态(硝态氮、铵态氮)对番茄生长、产量及果实品质的影响.结果表明: 同一灌溉方式或下限处理下,铵态氮对番茄植株前期生长有利,而硝态氮促进番茄植株后期生长,并促进果实产量增加.在APRI同一灌水下限下,硝态氮处理可提高果实维生素C含量及糖酸比,提高营养品质.同一氮素形态供应下,APRI番茄的株高和叶面积均小于正常灌溉(CK),但灌水下限为60%田间持水量(θ_f)的APRI处理番茄茎粗在生长后期有所增加.在同一氮素形态下,与CK相比,APRI各处理的产量均下降,其中灌水下限在40%θ_f的APRI处理产量下降了22.4%～26.3%;而灌水下限在60% θ_f的APRI处理仅下降了5.3%～5.4%,下降幅度相对较小,而品质显著提高,并具有明显的节水效果.因此,控制灌水下限在60%θ_f、供应硝态氮的APRI处理为番茄高产、优质、节水的最佳处理.
     

温室环境不同灌水水平条件下DSSAT-CROPGRO-Tomato模型的调参与验证

在沈阳地区日光温室试验的基础上,利用番茄生长模型DSSAT-CROPGRO-Tomato模拟了不同灌水水平条件下温室番茄的生长发育和产量形成过程,并确定了参数估计和模型验证的最优方案.试验设4个处理,全育期的灌水上限均为计划湿润层田间持水率,灌水下限分别为计划湿润层田间持水率的50%(W₁)、60%(W₂)、70%(W₃)和80%(CK).利用DSSAT-GLUE参数估计模块得到遗传参数的不同估计结果,通过对比分析番茄物候期、冠层高度、地上干物质量、鲜果产量、叶面积指数(LAI)、土壤含水率的模拟值与实测值之间的差异,来确定该模型模拟精度.结果表明: 番茄遗传参数--最优条件下最终果实负载所需光热时间(PODUR)的估计值具有较大变异性,变异系数为11.5%,将CROPGRO-Tomato模型应用于不同地区日光温室时,应对此参数进行充分估计,否则会影响其模拟精度.在模型应用过程中,应选用充分灌水处理的观测数据进行遗传参数估计,可以提高模型的模拟精度.此时的绝对相对误差和标准均方根误差值分别为8.7%和10.5%.对作物LAI和土壤含水率动态模拟结果可以看出,灌水水平越高,模型模拟精度越高.留一交叉验证法的总体模拟误差在10.5%～12.5%.说明DSSAT-CROPGRO-Tomato模型可以较为准确地模拟沈阳日光温室不同灌水水平条件下番茄生长发育和产量形成过程.     

土壤水分对不同专用小麦后期光合特性及产量的影响

采用盆栽方法,研究了土壤水分对专用小麦生育后期光合特性及产量的影响.结果表明,强筋小麦豫麦34旗叶叶绿素计读数(SPAD值)、PSⅡ活性(Fv/Fo)和PSⅡ最大光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)在土壤相对含水量60%(FC)的条件下最高,光化学猝灭系数(qP)、非光化学猝灭系数(qN)、有效电子传递速率(ETR)和传递的量子产率(Φ2)在80%FC下最高;高产小麦豫麦49旗叶SPAD值、qP、qN、ETR均以80%FC下最高,Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm和φ2受土壤水分影响不大;弱筋小麦豫麦0,除qN在80%FC下最低外,其余光合特性参数均以80%FC的条件下最高.豫麦34产量和蛋白质含量均以60%FC最高,且产量达极显著差异;豫麦49和豫麦0籽粒蛋白质含量以40%FC最高,籽粒产量以80%FC最高,且豫麦49产质差异均达显著水平,而豫麦0的产量差异达极显著水平.     

Responses of the flavonoid pathway to UV-B radiation stress and the correlation with the lipid antioxidant characteristics in the desert plant Caryopteris mongolica

Caryopteris mongolica is a dwarf shrub mainly found in grassland and desert areas of north-west China, and which can survive severe environmental stress. This study aimed to assess the responses of the flavonoid pathway to UV-B radiation treatments and its correlation to the lipid peroxide and antioxidant systems in C. mongolica. In UV-B radiation experiments, plants were exposed to UV-B radiation treatments with a intensity of 30 J/s for 1, 4 and 24 h, respectively. A control group without UV-B radiation treatment was also used. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid, levels of lipid peroxidation, activities of antioxidant system enzymes, accumulations of total flavonoids and anthocyanins, and activities of phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) and chalcone isomerase (CHI) under different UV-B radiation treatments were investigated. The correlations between products and key enzymes in the flavonoid pathway and the lipid peroxide and antioxidant systems were also analyzed. The results showed that chlorophyll fluorescence parameters decreased within 24 h of treatment. The chlorophyll contents decreased within 4 h and remained stable after 24 h. Carotenoid content significantly increased. The level of MDA, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POD) and the contents of total flavonoids and anthocyanidins increased, while catalase (CAT) activity decreased under UV-B stress. The activities of PAL and CHI also increased with the increased content of total flavonoids. The flavonoid products anthocyanidins had a significant positive correlation with MDA level, as well as the activities of antioxidant enzyme SOD. In conclusion, UV-B radiation induced the degradation of photosynthetic pigments and decreased photochemical efficiency of Photosystem II; increased the contents of MDA, total flavonoids and anthocyanidins; and also enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, APX and POD) and key enzymes (PAL and CHI) in the flavonoid pathway in C. mongolica. Thus, we speculate that the flavonoid pathway were involved in the regulation of stress resistance in C. mongolica.     

UV-B辐射增强对芦苇光合生理及叶绿体超微结构的影响

在UV-B辐照增强条件下,研究不同辐照梯度对芦苇光合特性、光合色素含量及叶绿体超微结构的影响. 结果表明: 与自然光照相比,UV-B辐照增强显著降低芦苇叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率,且随辐照强度增大,降低程度加剧,胞间CO₂浓度升高,光合效率显著降低;与自然光照相比,UV-B辐照增强显著降低芦苇叶片光合色素含量(包括叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素),且随辐照强度增大,降低程度加剧;UV-B辐射增强条件下,叶绿体超微结构遭到破坏,表现为叶绿体结构变形,类囊体片层排列稀疏紊乱、膨胀甚至模糊不清,并且UV-B辐射强度越大,损伤越大,高强度UV-B辐射对叶绿体超微结构的影响大于低强度辐射.     

芒果老叶在增强UV-B辐射处理下的损伤和保护反应

以‘台衣一号’芒果盆栽苗离体老叶为试材,研究增强UV—B辐射条件下芒果老叶的损伤和保护反应。结果表明：UV—B辐射处理使芒果叶片MDA含量和相对电导率升高、叶绿素含量和叶绿素a／b降低,表明叶片受到损伤,且随处理时间延长叶片损伤加重。UV—B辐射处理叶片可溶性蛋白含量、抗氧化酶（SOD、CAT、POD）活性、保护色素（类胡萝卜素、类黄酮）和还原型GSH含量显著高于对照叶片,UV—B辐射处理叶片维生素C含量显著低于对照叶片,表明增强UV—B辐射可诱导叶片细胞通过提高活性氧清除能力和积累保护色素而直接吸收部分UV—B辐射来提高抗增强UV—B辐射损伤的能力。     

UV-B辐射对雨生红球藻光合特性和虾青素含量的影响及其响应

实验研究了不同强度的UV-B(280-320 nm)辐射对雨生红球藻(Haematococcus pluvialis)的光合活性、生物量、色素含量、活性氧(ROS)含量和抗氧化酶活性等的影响, 以探讨利用UV-B辐射诱导虾青素生物合成增强的可能性。结果发现, 经UV-B辐射处理后,雨生红球藻的光合活性降低、生物量增长被抑制。UV-B辐射对叶绿素影响不大, 但会改变细胞的类胡萝卜素和虾青素含量:0.1和0.3 W/m2强度的UV-B辐射使细胞中的这两种色素含量升高, 0.5 W/m2组的色素含量短暂升高后恢复到对照水平。中低强度的UV-B可以促进雨生红球藻单细胞虾青素含量的增加, 但由于其对细胞生长的抑制作用, 并不能使虾青素大量积累。随辐射时间延长, 细胞内ROS含量未明显增加,但抗氧化酶(过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶)活性下降, 雨生红球藻可能主要依靠虾青素来淬灭ROS。以上结果表明, UV-B辐射对雨生红球藻的主要生理生化过程有抑制作用, UV-B辐射既可以诱导虾青素的合成又会消耗一部分虾青素, 对虾青素含量的影响与其强度有关, 而利用虾青素来清除细胞内的ROS可能是雨生红球藻抵御这种不利环境条件的最重要的途径。       

Protective effect of nitric oxide against oxidative stress under ultraviolet-B radiation.

The response of bean leaves to UV-B radiation was extensively investigated. UV-B radiation caused increase of ion leakage, loss of chlorophyll, and decrease of the maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) and the quantum yield of PSII electron transport (PhiPSII) of bean leaves. H2O2 contents and the extent of thylakoid membrane protein oxidation increased, indicated by the decrease of thiol contents and the increase of carbonyl contents with the duration of UV-B radiation. Addition of sodium nitroprusside, a nitric oxide (NO) donor, can partially alleviate UV-B induced decrease of chlorophyll contents, Fv/Fm and PhiPSII. Moreover, the oxidative damage to the thylakoid membrane was alleviated by NO. The potassium salt of 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, a specific NO scavenger, arrested NO mediated protective effects against UV-B induced oxidative damage. Incubation of thylakoid membrane with increasing H2O2 concentrations showed a progressive enhancement in carbonyl contents. H2O2 contents were decreased in the presence of NO under UV-B radiation through increased activities of superoxide dismutases, ascorbate peroxidases, and catalases. Taken together, the results suggest that NO can effectively protect plants from UV-B damage mostly probably mediated by enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes.     

Response of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo,a Prized Medicinal Plant,to Continuous UV-B Irradiation at Different C/N Ratios

The response of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo (D. officinale) to continuous UV-B irradiation at different carbon to nitrogen ratios (C/N ratios) was investigated. Seedlings grown for 60 days were incubated under aseptic conditions with UV-B irradiation (15.6 µW cm⁻²) at different C/N ratios: control group (CK; C/N 30 without UV-B), UV-B + CK (C/N 30 with UV-B irradiation, similarly hereafter), UV-B + C/N 120, UV-B + C/N 60, UV-B + C/N 15, UV-B + C/N 10, UV-B + C/N 7.5. Growth parameters (the defoliation rate and the sprout number), photosynthetic pigments (carotenoids, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b), total polysaccharides, total alkaloids, and activities of antioxidant enzymes were determined following 4, 8, 12, and 16 days of continuous UV-B exposure. Results indicated that UV-B irradiation increased the defoliation rate and the content of carotenoids, total polysaccharides and total alkaloids, as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Conversely, UV-B irradiation reduced the sprout number and chlorophyll content in D. officinale. Compared with UV-B + CK, lower C/N ratio treatments (UV-B + C/N 15, UV-B + C/N 10 and UV-B + C/N 7.5) enhanced the defoliation rate and sprout number, but decreased antioxidant enzyme activities and total polysaccharide content during the whole period, and reduced total alkaloid content after 4 days of UV-B exposure. Following initial UV-B irradiation, lower C/N ratios increased the contents of carotenoid and chlorophyll b, while after 8 days, a reversal in carotenoid content was observed, and after 12 days, a reversal in chlorophyll b content was observed. Optimizing the C/N ratio (C/N 60) resulted in lower defoliation rate, higher photosynthetic pigments and total polysaccharides, and increased activities of antioxidant enzymes, whereas no significant change in sprout number and total alkaloid content was recorded under long-term UV-B irradiation. Furthermore, the UV-B + C/N 120 treatment negatively affected D. officinale in terms of an increased defoliation rate and reduced sprout number, photosynthetic pigments, and total alkaloids. Therefore, results suggested that an appropriate C/N ratio (C/N 60) could ameliorate the adverse effects of continuous UV-B irradiation on D. officinale.

     

三角褐指藻和小角毛藻对UV-B辐射增强的生理生化响应

通过实验生态学和生物化学的方法,研究了UV-B辐射对三角褐指藻和小角毛藻的生长、叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素、丙二醛、可溶性蛋白含量和抗氧化物酶活性的影响。结果表明:(1) UV-B辐射增强抑制了2种微藻的生长,低剂量(0.75J/m²)UV-B辐射对三角褐指藻的生长具有一定刺激作用。(2) 三角褐指藻的叶绿素a含量随辐射剂量的增加先上升后下降,小角毛藻chl-a含量缓慢下降。2种微藻MDA含量随UV-B辐射剂量的增加而升高。(3) 随着辐射剂量的增加,三角褐指藻可溶性蛋白含量先稍有升高后较快下降。小角毛藻可溶性蛋白含量始终呈下降趋势。(4) UV-B辐射增强使2种微藻的SOD 、POD和CAT活性先升高后下降,小角毛藻的酶活性变化相对稳定。     

The Regulation of Exogenous Jasmonic Acid on UV-B Stress Tolerance in Wheat

Enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B, 280?C320?nm) is recognized as one of the environmental stress factors that cannot be neglected. Jasmonic acid (JA) is an important signaling molecule in a plant??s defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. To determine the role of exogenous JA in the resistance of wheat to stress from UV-B radiation, wheat seedlings were exposed to 0.9?kJ?m^?2?h^?1 UV-B radiation for 12?h after pretreatment with 1 and 2.5?mM JA, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), the content of UV-B absorbing compounds, photosynthetic pigments, and proline and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured. The results of two-way ANOVA illustrated that the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), MDA level, anthocyanin and carotenoid (Car) content, and almost all chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were significantly affected by UV-B, JA, and UV-B?×?JA (P?<?0.05) [the maximal efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry (F _v/F _m) was not affected significantly by UV-B radiation]. Duncan??s multiple-range tests demonstrated that UV-B stress induced a significant reduction in plant photosystem II (PSII) function and SOD activity and an increased level of membrane lipid peroxidation, indicative of the deleterious effect of UV-B radiation on wheat. JA pretreatment obviously mitigated the detrimental effect of UV-B on PSII function by increasing F _v/F _m, reaction centers?? excitation energy capture efficiency (F _v??/F _m??), effective photosystem II quantum yield (??PSII), and photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR), and by decreasing nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) of wheat seedlings. Moreover, the activity of SOD and the content of proline and anthocyanin were provoked by exogenous JA. However, the MDA level was increased and Car content was decreased by exogenous JA with or without the presence of supplementary UV-B, whereas the contents of chlorophyll and flavonoids and related phenolics were not affected by exogenous JA. Meanwhile, exogenous JA resulted in a decrease of CAT and POD activities under UV-B radiation stress. These results partly confirm the hypothesis that exogenous JA could counteract the negative effects of UV-B stress on wheat seedlings to some extent.     

UV-B Radiation Suppresses the Growth and Antioxidant Systems of Two Marine Microalgae, Platymonas subcordiformis (Wille) Hazen and Nitzschia closterium (Ehrenb.) W. Sm

This study investigated whether increased solar UV-B radiation (280-315 nm) could suppress the growth of marine microalgae through effects on their antioxidant systems. Two marine microalgae species, Platymonas subcordiformis (Wille) Hazen and Nitzschia closterium (Ehrenb.) W. Sm, were exposed to a range of UV-B radiation and both showed reductions in their growth rates, and the chlorophyll a (Chl a) and carotenoid (Car) contents when UV-B radiation dose increased. Superoxide anion radical (O2)production and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malodiadehyde (MDA) also increased with the increasing of UV-B radiation. Antioxidant systems, non-enzymic components (Car and glutathione content) and enzymic components (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity), decreased as a result of enhanced UV-B radiation. When the exogenous glutathione (GSH) was added, the effects of UVB radiation on the growth of the two species were alleviated. These results suggest that enhanced UV-B radiation suppressed the antioxidant systems and caused some active oxygen species to accumulate, which in turns retarded the development of the marine microalgae.     

Protective role of selenium in wheat seedlings subjected to enhanced UV-B radiation

Selenium (Se) is beneficial for some plants and is able to increase resistance and antioxidant capacity of plants subjected to stressful environment. In this work, the effects of enhanced ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation, Se supply, and their combination on growth and physiological traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Han NO.7086) seedlings were studied. The objective was to elucidate whether Se could alleviate the expected adverse effects of UV-B stress on seedlings. UV-B treatment caused a marked decline in growth parameters and total chlorophyll content and changed biomass allocation between aboveground and underground parts, which led to an increase in the root/shoot ratio. UV-B treatment also increased MDA content and the rate of superoxide radical (O₂^·−) production, although it increased some antioxidant (proline, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids) content and activity of antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, superoxide dimutase, catalase (CAT)). Se treatment only increased total chlorophyll content and CAT activity. Compared with UV-B treatment alone, the combined treatment with UV-B and Se induced a significant increase in the biomass, total chlorophyll content, antioxidant content, and activity of antioxidant enzymes, and an evident decrease in MDA content and the rate of O₂^·− production. The results of this study demonstrated that Se alleviated the damage caused by UV-B to wheat seedlings to some extent by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and antioxidant content.