Response surface optimization of fermentation conditions for xylanase production by recombinant Pichia pastoris

研究不同碳源、氮源和无机盐对毕赤酵母AX181菌株产木聚糖酶的影响.实验表明,分别采用葡萄糖和玉米浆干粉为碳源和氮源可以明显提高木聚糖酶的产量.无机盐单因子优化实验显示添加适量的(NH4)2SO4、KH2 PO4、MnSO4·H2O、FeSO4·7H2O也可以部分提高木聚糖酶产量.在此基础上利用响应面法优化毕赤酵母产木聚糖酶培养基,利用12次实验的Plackett - Burman设计实验筛选出影响产木聚糖酶的3个主要因素,即玉米浆干粉、MrSO4 ·H2O和FeSO4·7H2O.并进一步通过最陡爬坡路径逼近最大响应区域,采用中心组合实验设计确定最佳条件.优化后的产木聚糖酶培养基组分为(g/L):葡萄糖40.00,玉米浆干粉80.84,(NH4)2SO4 6.25,KH2PO4 1.25、MnSO4·H2O 0.35,FeSO4 ·7H2O 1.31.培养基优化后,实际产酶2 883.86 U/mL,是优化前YPD培养基产酶的2.51倍.     

产木聚糖酶厌氧真菌菌株筛选及产酶培养条件研究*

从12株分离自反刍动物瘤胃及粪样的厌氧真菌中筛选到一株木聚糖酶高产菌,编号为A4,初步鉴定为Neocallimastix属菌。以稻草秸、玉米秸、花生秸、滤纸片段为发酵底物,经39℃厌氧培养,A4菌产生的木聚糖酶活分别为14.31U/mL、11.39U/mL、6.99U/mL和13.38U/mL。对A4菌产生木聚糖酶的条件进行优化,结果发现,培养基中无细胞瘤胃液浓度对A4菌产生的木聚糖酶活无显著影响;但酵母膏浓度从1.0g/L降至0.5g/L后,A4菌产生的木聚糖酶活显著下降(P<0.05)。     

响应面分析优化产木聚糖酶毕赤酵母基因工程菌培养条件

研究不同碳源、氮源和无机盐对毕赤酵母AX181菌株产木聚糖酶的影响。实验表明,分别采用葡萄糖和玉米浆干粉为碳源和氮源可以明显提高木聚糖酶的产量。无机盐单因子优化实验显示添加适量的（NH4）2SO4、KH2PO4、MnSO4·H2O、FeSO4·7H2O也可以部分提高木聚糖酶产量。在此基础上利用响应面法优化毕赤酵母产木聚糖酶培养基,利用12次实验的Plackett—Burman设计实验筛选出影响产木聚糖酶的3个主要因素,即玉米浆干粉、MnSO4·H2O和FeSO4·7H20。并进一步通过最陡爬坡路径逼近最大响应区域,采用中心组合实验设计确定最佳条件。优化后的产木聚糖酶培养基组分为（g/L）：葡萄糖40．00,玉米浆干粉80．84,（NH4）2SO46．25,KH2PO41．25、MnSO4·H2O0．35,FeS04-7H2O1．31。培养基优化后,实际产酶2883．86u／mL,是优化前YPD培养基产酶的2．51倍。     

链霉菌发酵麦草产木聚糖酶的试验研究

通过正交设计试验 ,找出利用链霉菌和麦草基质发酵生产木聚糖酶的试验条件。培养基 (g/L) :麦草粉 ,4 5 ;(NH4 ) 2 SO4 ,7.5 ;酵母膏 ,8;K2 HPO4 ·3H2 O ,1;MgSO4 ·7H2 O ,0 .5 ;NaCl,0 .3。接种量为 5 .0× 10 8个孢子 / 5 0mL培养基 ,振荡培养 (12 0r/min) 5d     

木聚糖酶产生菌的筛选与酶学生化特性

从自然界中筛选出可分泌高产木聚糖酶的黑曲霉,并对其产酶条件和酶学特性进行优化和分析.结果表明:该菌株培养48 h后,所产的木聚糖酶比酶活最高,达到1645.66 U/g;通过培养基的优化,其比酶活达到了2 698.28 U/g.最优培养基组成(质量分数):麸皮75.0％、玉米12.5％、豆粕12.5％.该酶的最适温度为37℃,最适pH为4.5.     

曲霉液体发酵产原果胶酶的条件优化研究*

研究了碳源、氮源、金属离子及表面活性剂等对菌株(Aspergillus sp.)XZ-131产原果胶酶的影响.果胶类物质是该菌株产原果胶酶所必需的诱导物.以(NH4)2SO4和(NH4)2HPO4作为氮源时,产酶较高,达到300 U/mL.钙离子及Tween-20均能促进该酶的产生.通过正交试验优化得出该菌株产酶的最佳培养基配方为桔皮粉 1g,(NH4)2SO4 2g,CaCl2 0.015g,Tween-20 0.2mL,KH2PO4 3.8g,K2HPO4*3H2O 0.2g,水 100mL,pH 6.5.     

产木聚糖酶的沿海红树林真菌筛选及其培养与酶活测定条件优化

从香港海岸红树林分离到的 77株真菌中有 34株可产生木聚糖酶 ,从中选出CY2 80 9(Staganosporasp .)、CY4 786和CY5 0 4 0等 3菌株与已知陆生产酶菌株HU5 0 4 8(Aspergillusawamori)进行产木聚糖酶的比较研究。根据培养液中菌丝生物量、木聚糖酶活力和木糖等价还原糖含量等指标的测定 ,菌株CY4 786在起始pH 7 8的木聚糖 酵母膏 海盐液体培养基中 2 5℃下震荡 (10 0r min)培养 7d产酶最佳 ;粗酶液在 5 0℃和pH 4 6的优化条件下进行测定 ,木聚糖酶活力达到 1 0 7× 10 4 U mL。结果表明 ,红树林真菌起着半纤维素降解者的作用 ,沿海红树林环境中存在着可资利用的木聚糖酶产生菌。作者讨论了利用发酵液中木糖等价还原糖含量的动态变化作为快速筛选产木聚糖酶菌株的指标的可能性     

红酵母类胡萝卜素形成的生理学研究

从数株红酵母中选出 1株产类胡萝卜素能力较强的红酵母RY 98(生物量、类胡萝卜素含量和产量分别为19.9g/L ,334 .8μg/ g和 6 .7mg/L) ;研究了该菌株产类胡萝卜素的最适营养与环境条件 ,获得了最佳的发酵生理学条件 :葡萄糖 40 g/L ,(NH4 ) 2 SO4 10 g/L ,酵母膏 3g/L ,蕃茄汁 2mL/L ,花生油 0 .5mL/L ,接种量 30mL/L ,初始pH 6 .0和通气量 (培养基装量 ) 4 0mL/ 2 5 0mL。在此初步优化的培养条件下 ,红酵母RY 98经 72h摇瓶发酵其生物量、类胡萝卜素含量和产量分别可达 2 6 .8g/L ,386 .9μg/ g和 10 .4mg/L ,依次比初筛中提高了 34 .7% ,15 .6 %和 5 5 .2 %。     

利用农业废弃物生产嗜热真菌(T.lanuginosus)耐热木聚糖酶的固体发酵研究

研究了嗜热真菌(Thermomyces lanuginosus CBS288.54-M18)生产木聚糖酶的碳氮源组成、料水比、培养基初始pH值、发酵温度及接种量等的影响.结果表明,以麦麸和玉米芯粉(8:2)作为复合碳源,酵母膏和胰蛋白胨(1:1)作为复合氮源时,菌株所产的木聚糖酶量相比未优化碳氮源的培养基提高幅度高达200%.其最佳产酶的料水比为1:3,培养基初始pH 7.0为最适.菌株在50℃条件下发酵5 d,能够得到活力高达15023 U/g干基碳源的木聚糖酶制剂,且该酶制剂不合纤维素酶和蛋白酶活性.     

黑胸散白蚁肠道具内切葡聚糖酶活性共生菌的筛选、鉴定及产酶条件的优化

目的 从黑胸散白蚁肠道内筛选获得具有降解纤维素性能的菌株,并对菌株最佳产酶条件进行优化.方法 采用筛选性培养基进行筛选,通过培养性状、显微观察及16S rDNA部分片段同源性分析进行菌种鉴定,利用正交试验优化该菌株的最佳产酶培养基配方以及单因子试验优化产酶培养条件.结果 通过鉴定,获得的菌株属柠檬酸杆菌属(Citrobacter sp.B03),最适产酶的碳氮源为CMC-Na和蛋白胨.该菌株最佳产酶培养基的配方为CMC-Na5.0 g/L、蛋白胨5.0 g/L、NH4Cl 0.6 g/L、KH2P04 0.9 g/L、MgSO4 0.9 g/L;最佳产酶培养条件为起始pH 5.0,温度35℃,装液量20～ 30 mL/150 mL.结论 经过优化,可将该菌株产生的纤维素酶酶活力从0.184 U/mL提高到0.311 U/mL,该研究结果对纤维素酶的工业开发具有一定的指导意义.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.