乳脂球表皮生长因子8在心血管系统疾病中的作用研究进展

乳脂球表皮生长因子8(milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8,MFG-E8)是一种由巨噬细胞、树突状细胞、成纤维细胞等多种细胞分泌的蛋白.MFG-E8在凋亡细胞和吞噬细胞之间发挥桥接作用,增强吞噬细胞的吞噬功能,促进组织中死亡细胞的清除,从而影响各种疾病的进展.近年来的研究...     

Caspase8与肿瘤的发生

肿瘤发生与细胞凋亡异常密切相关,Caspase8是细胞凋亡途径中的重要分子。研究发现,在肿瘤细胞中存在caspase8基因突变、甲基化引起的表达降低等异常,导致细胞对凋亡刺激的敏感性降低,可能与肿瘤的发生,发展及治疗有关。     

PKs的生物学功能

PKs是最近发现的多功能分泌蛋白,由PK1和PK2组成.在不同的系统中,它们通过两个高度同源G-蛋白偶联受体发挥各种生物学功能.它们与神经和血管的形成以及免疫应答的调节有关,并且对生殖系统的正常生理和促性腺激素释放激素系统的发育都有很大的影响.     

香菇Latcripin-8蛋白诱导HepG-2细胞凋亡的机制研究

目的 探讨香菇Latcripin-8蛋白对HepG-2肝癌细胞凋亡的诱导作用及其机制。方法 运用倒置显微镜、透射电镜、吉姆萨染色法和流式细胞仪法对细胞凋亡进行检测。采用Western blot法检测JAK3、STAT3和P53等凋亡相关蛋白的表达水平。采用Caspase-8活性检测盒检测Caspase-8活性。结果 HepG-2细胞经Latcripin-8蛋白作用后,倒置显微镜、透射电镜和吉姆萨染色等检测显示在形态学上Latcripin-8蛋白结构域抑制HepG-2细胞生长,并伴有凋亡小体产生。流式细胞仪检测显示该蛋白诱导HepG-2细胞凋亡。Western blot法检测结果显示JAK3和STAT3等蛋白的表达水平随药物浓度的增加而下降,而P53随药物浓度增加其表达量上升;凋亡相关因子Caspase-8的活性与对照组相比也均有不同程度的提高。结论 香菇Latcripin-8蛋白结构域可能是通过JAK-STAT信号通路来诱导HepG-2肝癌细胞凋亡。     

Cosmc基因在卵巢癌中生物学功能的研究

目的:明确Cosmc基因在卵巢癌细胞中的生物学功能。方法:本研究采用慢病毒转染技术,在卵巢癌细胞A2780和SKOV3中过表达Cosmc基因,MTT实验、细胞凋亡实验以及Transwell侵袭实验对过表达Cosmc后卵巢癌细胞在生长、凋亡、侵袭等方面的影响。结果:慢病毒转染卵巢癌细胞A2780和SKOV-3后,Cosmc的蛋白表达显著提高;MTT结果显示,与空载体对照组相比,过表达Cosmc的卵巢癌细胞生长能力显著减弱;流式细胞术结果表明Cosmc过表达的卵巢癌细胞凋亡数较空载体对照组细胞显著增加;Transwell实验显示Cosmc过表达的细胞侵袭和迁移能力较空载体对照组显著减少。结论:卵巢癌细胞系中过表达Cosmc基因能抑制卵巢癌细胞的生长和侵袭并促进细胞凋亡。     

凝溶胶蛋白基因的生物学功能及其应用研究进展

凝溶胶蛋白(gelsolin,GSN)是Gelsolin/Villin超家族的核心成员,是一种多功能的钙依赖性肌动蛋白结合蛋白,在细胞中Ca^2+和PIP2等多因素的调控下,对细胞凋亡、吞噬功能、肌动蛋白微丝切割、细胞信号转导等方面起着重要的作用。近年来,凝溶胶蛋白还被频繁用于相关疾病的预防、诊断与治疗,但其在调控细胞凋亡、炎症等病理生理中的作用机制还存在些许争议。本研究综述了凝溶胶蛋白的结构特点、生物学功能以及对疾病的诊断和治疗,旨在了解凝溶胶蛋白在生物医学及动物科学等领域的应用以及未来凝溶胶蛋白的发展前景。     

TRAF4的结构与生物学功能

TRAF(TNF receptor associated factor)家族蛋白是一类具有相同C末端保守结构域的细胞内接头蛋白,能够与包括TNF受体在内的多种受体蛋白相互作用传递信号并因此得名,目前已经发现了7种TRAF家族蛋白。TRAF4是TRAF家族蛋白中最古老的成员之一,最早在乳腺癌的转移淋巴结中发现,在多种实体肿瘤组织中存在高表达和亚细胞定位的异常。与其他TRAF家族蛋白主要参与免疫和炎症反应不同,TRAF4在免疫中的作用非常有限,目前其已知功能主要体现在胚胎发育、细胞极性、凋亡以及活性氧生成调节等方面。     

E—cad、EGFR、MMP9与肺癌转移的关系

目的：探讨原发性非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）组织中E-钙粘蛋白（E—cadherin,E—cad）、表皮生长因子受体（Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor,EGFR）和基质金属蛋白酶9（matrix metalloproteinase-9,MMP9）的表达与术后复发及转移的关系。方法：选择临床IB期非小细胞肺癌．总者的手术切除标本,其中36例于36个月之内发生复发或转移,30例术后无病生存期超过36个月。采用免疫组织化学方法检测组织中E-cad、EGFR、MMP9的表达情况。结果：36例早转移IB期非小细胞肺癌术后患者的手术标本中,E-cad的异常表达率、EGFR及MMP9的阳性表达率,均明显高于30例非早转移IB期非小细胞肺癌术后患者（P〈0．05）,且在早转移IB期NSCLC中,三者的表达与病理分级、肿瘤大小有关（P〈0．05）,与病理类型,肿瘤是否浸润胸膜无关（P〉0．05）。结论：对早期肺癌术后病人,检测E-cad、EGFR、MMP9的表达,对判断其恶性程度,提示肿瘤的复发及转移倾向大小,决定术后治疗方案有重要意义。     

E2F1 介导8-氯-腺苷引起的人肺癌细胞H1299的凋亡

8-氯-腺苷（8-Cl-adenosine,8-Cl-Ado）可诱导人非小细胞性肺癌细胞H1299发生凋亡,但其分子机制还没有阐明．首先用四唑盐（MTT）比色法检测了8-Cl-Ado 对H1299 细胞的生长抑制作用．进一步采用蛋白质免疫印迹法(Western blotting) 检测了8-Cl-Ado 处理H1299细胞后,procaspase-3 的激活情况以及E2F1的蛋白水平．通过用pcDNA-HA-E2F1表达载体和pSUPER-E2F1 RNA 干扰载体分别转染H1299 细胞,研究在E2F1 过表达和RNA 干扰（RNA interference, RNAi）两种情况下对凋亡的影响．实验结果表明,8-Cl-Ado可抑制H1299 细胞的生长,激活凋亡关键执行蛋白procaspase-3,升高E2F1 蛋白水平．当E2F1 过表达后,同时伴有procaspase-3 的激活,而E2F1 表达受到抑制后,与对照相比,8-Cl-Ado 引起的procaspase-3 的激活被明显抑制,说明E2F1 介导8-Cl-Ado 引起的人肺癌细胞H1299 的凋亡．     

表皮生长因子对离体大鼠肺动脉及肺动脉平滑肌细胞作用的研究

本研究着重探讨表皮生长因子（ＥＧＦ）对大鼠肺动脉的收缩作用及对肺动脉平滑肌细胞分裂增殖的影响。浓度为１×１０－９－１×１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＥＧＦ可引起大鼠肺动脉剂量依赖性收缩（ｒ＝０．９６８,Ｐ＜０,００１）,其Ｅｍａｘ为１００．６ｍｇ,ＥＣ５０为１１．９６ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ。在同时存在０．５％胎牛血清（ＦＣＳ）时,ＥＧＦ能促进平滑肌细胞的３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ参入率,该作用与剂量呈正相关（ｒ＝０．８２３,Ｐ＜０．０５）,其ＥＣ５０为６．５×１Ｏ－１２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。１×１０－９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＥＧＦ＋０．５％ＦＣＳ能产生与１０％ＦＣＳ相当的促细胞分裂增殖能力（在培养的第１,３,５,７天,二者促分裂增殖能力相差不明显,Ｐ均＞０．０５,第９天时,前者大于后者,Ｐ＜０．０５）。１×１０－９ｍｏｌ／ＬＥＧＦ单独存在时对平滑肌细胞未显示出明显的致分裂活性。上述作用提示ＥＣＦ在某些肺血管病变如缺氧性肺动脉高压中可能有一定意义。     

Milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 mediates the enhancement of apoptotic cell clearance by glucocorticoids

The phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells is essential to prevent chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. The phosphatidylserine-binding protein milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8) is a major opsonin for apoptotic cells, and MFG-E8^−/− mice spontaneously develop a lupus-like disease. Similar to human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the murine disease is associated with an impaired clearance of apoptotic cells. SLE is routinely treated with glucocorticoids (GCs), whose anti-inflammatory effects are consentaneously attributed to the transrepression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here, we show that the GC-mediated transactivation of MFG-E8 expression and the concomitantly enhanced elimination of apoptotic cells constitute a novel aspect in this context. Patients with chronic inflammation receiving high-dose prednisone therapy displayed substantially increased MFG-E8 mRNA levels in circulating monocytes. MFG-E8 induction was dependent on the GC receptor and several GC response elements within the MFG-E8 promoter. Most intriguingly, the inhibition of MFG-E8 induction by RNA interference or genetic knockout strongly reduced or completely abolished the phagocytosis-enhancing effect of GCs in vitro and in vivo. Thus, MFG-E8-dependent promotion of apoptotic cell clearance is a novel anti-inflammatory facet of GC treatment and renders MFG-E8 a prospective target for future therapeutic interventions in SLE.     

血清PCT、NETs、MFG-E8、TLR 9与重症急性胰腺炎患者肠黏膜屏障功能的相关性分析及对预后的影响

摘要 目的：分析血清降钙素原（PCT）、中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网（NETs）、乳脂球表皮生长因子8（MFG-E8）、Toll样受体9（TLR 9）与重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）患者肠黏膜屏障功能的相关性,并观察其对预后的影响。方法：回顾性分析本院2019年3月至2022年1月期间收治的174例SAP患者的临床资料（SAP组）,另收集并分析同期来本院进行健康体检的90例志愿者临床资料（对照组）,对比对照组、SAP组的血清PCT、NETs、MFG-E8、TLR 9和血清内毒素（LPS）、D-乳酸、二胺氧化酶（DAO）水平,分析PCT、NETs、MFG-E8、TLR 9与肠黏膜屏障功能指标的相关性。174例患者入院28 d内死亡39例,生存135例,根据28 d内预后不同分为死亡（n=39）和生存组（n=135）。单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析预后的影响因素。结果：SAP组的血清PCT、NETs、TLR 9水平高于对照组,MFG-E8水平低于对照组（P<0.05）。SAP组的血清LPS、D-乳酸、DAO水平高于对照组（P<0.05）。Pearson相关性分析结果证实：LPS、D-乳酸、DAO与PCT、NETs、TLR 9呈正相关,与MFG-E8呈负相关（P<0.05）。单因素分析显示：SAP患者的预后与年龄、糖尿病、高血脂、D-二聚体（D-D）、血淀粉酶、急性生理功能和慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ（APACHE Ⅱ）评分、急性胰腺炎严重程度床边指数（BISAP）评分、LPS、D-乳酸、DAO、PCT、NETs、MFG-E8、TLR 9、减少饮酒、低脂饮食有关（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：BISAP评分偏高、APACHE Ⅱ评分偏高、LPS偏高、PCT偏高、血淀粉酶偏高、D-乳酸偏高、DAO偏高、NETs偏高、MFG-E8偏低、TLR 9偏高均是SAP患者预后的危险因素,而减少饮酒、低脂饮食则是SAP患者预后的保护因素（P<0.05）。结论：SAP患者体内血清PCT、NETs、MFG-E8、TLR 9水平异常变化,且与肠黏膜屏障功能相关,同时血淀粉酶、APACHEⅡ评分、BISAP评分、LPS、PCT、D-乳酸、DAO、NETs、MFG-E8、TLR 9是SAP患者预后的危险因素,而减少饮酒、低脂饮食则是SAP患者预后的保护因素,临床应注意早期评估,以改善患者预后。     

Polarization of Prostate Cancer-associated Macrophages Is Induced by Milk Fat Globule-EGF Factor 8 (MFG-E8)-mediated Efferocytosis

Tumor cells secrete factors that modulate macrophage activation and polarization into M2 type tumor-associated macrophages, which promote tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. The mechanisms that mediate this polarization are not clear. Macrophages are phagocytic cells that participate in the clearance of apoptotic cells, a process known as efferocytosis. Milk fat globule- EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8) is a bridge protein that facilitates efferocytosis and is associated with suppression of proinflammatory responses. This study investigated the hypothesis that MFG-E8-mediated efferocytosis promotes M2 polarization. Tissue and serum exosomes from prostate cancer patients presented higher levels of MFG-E8 compared with controls, a novel finding in human prostate cancer. Coculture of macrophages with apoptotic cancer cells increased efferocytosis, elevated MFG-E8 protein expression levels, and induced macrophage polarization into an alternatively activated M2 phenotype. Administration of antibody against MFG-E8 significantly attenuated the increase in M2 polarization. Inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation using the inhibitor Stattic decreased efferocytosis and M2 macrophage polarization in vitro, with a correlating increase in SOCS3 protein expression. Moreover, MFG-E8 knockdown tumor cells cultured with wild-type or MFG-E8-deficient macrophages resulted in increased SOCS3 expression with decreased STAT3 activation. This suggests that SOCS3 and phospho-STAT3 act in an inversely dependent manner when stimulated by MFG-E8 and efferocytosis. These results uncover a unique role of efferocytosis via MFG-E8 as a mechanism for macrophage polarization into tumor-promoting M2 cells.     

The opsonin MFG-E8 is a ligand for the alphavbeta5 integrin and triggers DOCK180-dependent Rac1 activation for the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells

Opsonization of apoptotic cells facilitates recognition by phagocytes for the rapid clearance of potentially inflammatory cellular material. The secreted glycoprotein Milk Fat Globule Factor-E8 (MFG-E8) is a member of this family of bridging molecules and is believed to bind phosphatidylserine (PS) on the dying cell, linking it to integrin receptors on the phagocyte. Here we report the characterization of a functional signaling module involving MFG-E8, alphavbeta5 integrin, and DOCK180 for the activation of Rac1. We show that MFG-E8 and DOCK180 are both expressed in phagocytic-competent primary immature dendritic cells (DCs) and DC2.4 cells, and are potently down-regulated upon DC maturation, consistent with their role in phagocytosis and antigen capture. Coexpression of MFG-E8 with alphavbeta5 integrin potentiated integrin-mediated Rac1 activation, which was abrogated by mutagenesis in the RGD motif in MFG-E8. Moreover, expression of antisense DOCK180 abrogated MFG-E8-alphavbeta5-mediated Rac activation and impaired the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. These data demonstrate a biochemical link between an opsonin of apoptotic cells, the alphavbeta5 integrin, and the Crk-DOCK180-Rac1 pathway, and importantly, show that MFG-E8 and DOCK180 are expressed according to the functional status of the phagocyte.     

MFG-E8 activates proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells via integrin signaling

An accumulation of milk fat globule EGF-8 protein (MFG-E8) occurs within the context of arterial wall inflammatory remodeling during aging, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or atherosclerosis. MFG-E8 induces VSMC invasion, but whether it affects VSMC proliferation, a salient feature of arterial inflammation, is unknown. Here, we show that in the rat arterial wall in vivo, PCNA and Ki67, markers of cell cycle activation, increase with age between 8 and 30 months. In fresh and early passage VSMC isolated from old aortae, an increase in CDK4 and PCNA, an increase in the acceleration of cell cycle S and G2 phases, decrease in the G1/G0 phase, and an increase in PDGF and its receptors confer elevated proliferative capacity, compared to young VSMC. Increased coexpression and physical interaction of MFG-E8 and integrin αvβ5 occur with aging in both the rat aortic wall in vivo and in VSMC in vitro. In young VSMC in vitro, MFG-E8 added exogenously, or overexpressed endogenously, triggers phosphorylation of ERK1/2, augmented levels of PCNA and CDK4, increased BrdU incorporation, and promotes proliferation, via αvβ5 integrins. MFG-E8 silencing, or its receptor inhibition, or the blockade of ERK1/2 phosphorylation in these cells reduces PCNA and CDK4 levels and decelerates the cell cycle S phase, conferring a reduction in proliferative capacity. Collectively, these results indicate that MFG-E8 in a dose-dependent manner coordinates the expression of cell cycle molecules and facilitates VSMC proliferation via integrin/ERK1/2 signaling. Thus, an increase in MFG-E8 signaling is a mechanism of the age-associated increase in aortic VSMC proliferation.     

Expression, purification and characterization of C2 domain of milk fat globule-EGF-factor 8-L

Milk fat globule-EGF-factor 8-L (MFG-E8L) is secreted by activated macrophages and functions as a linker protein or opsonin between the dying cells and phagocytes. MFG-E8L recognizes the apoptotic or dying cells by specifically binding to Phosphatidylserine (PS) exposed on the outer cell surface and enhances the engulfment of the apoptotic cells by phagocytes, thereby preventing the inflammation and autoimmune response against intracellular antigens that can be released from the dying cells. MFG-E8L contains two EGF-like domains, P/T (proline/threonine) rich domain followed by two discoidin-like domains (C1 and C2). Recent studies have shown that the C2 domain of MFG-E8L is specifically involved in interaction with PS exposed on the apoptotic cells. Towards understanding this specific molecular interaction between the MFG-E8L C2 domain and PS, we expressed, purified the C2 domain of MFG-E8L and performed the binding studies with phospholipids by (31)P NMR experiment. We demonstrated that our recombinant construct and expression system were effective and allowed us to obtain the C2 domain and also showed that the purified C2 domain was stable and properly folded, and our (31)P NMR studies indicated that the C2 domain had specific binding with PS.     

Krüppel样转录因子8(KLF8)的结构及功能

Krüppel样转录因子8(Krüppel-like factor 8,KLF8)是KLFs家族中的一员.KLF8在羧基端含有3个保守的C2H2锌指结构域,用于与DNA结合.KLF8的转录受粘着斑激酶(focal adhesion kinase,FAK)、KLF1(erythroid krüppel-like fact...     

Endogenous lectins as mediators of tumor cell adhesion

Endogenous carbohydrate-binding proteins have been found in various normal tissues and cells. Although lectins with different sugar-binding specificities have been described, the most prevalent ones are those that bind beta-galactosides. The ability of some normal and malignant cells to bind exogenous carbohydrate-containing ligands suggested that lectinlike activity is associated with the cell surface and that carbohydrate-binding proteins might mediate intercellular recognition and adhesion. We found that extracts of various cultured murine and human tumor cells exhibit a galactoside-inhibitable hemagglutinating activity. This activity was associated with two proteins of molecular weights of 34,000 and 14,500 daltons, which were purified by affinity chromatography by using immobilized asialofetuin. That these lectins are present on the cell surface was indicated by the binding of monoclonal antilectin antibodies to the surface of various tumor cells and by the immunoprecipitation of 125I-labeled lectins from solubilized cell-surface iodinated cells by polyclonal antilectin antibodies. That these cell surface lectins are functional was demonstrated by the ability of the galactose-terminating asialofetuin to enhance cell aggregation and of asialofetuin glycopeptides to block this homotypic aggregation as well as to suppress cell attachment to substratum, and by the inhibition of both asialofetuin-induced cell aggregation and cell attachment to substratum by the binding of monoclonal antilectin antibodies to the cell surface. These findings implicate cell surface lectins as mediators of cell-cell and cell-substratum adhesion. Some of these cellular interactions might be important determinants of tumor cell growth and metastasis.