牛肝菌属卷边组Boletus sect. Appendiculati物种的分子识别

依据牛肝菌属卷边组Boletus sect. Appendiculati内7个物种的核糖体基因rDNA内转录间隔区（internal transcribed spacer,ITS）序列比对,设计5对ITS特异引物,分别用于卷边牛肝菌Boletus appendiculatus与亚卷边牛肝菌B. subappendiculatus、卷边牛肝菌与拟桃红牛肝菌B. pseudoregius、华靛牛肝菌B. roseoflavus与卷边牛肝菌B.?appendiculatus、华靛牛肝菌与华美牛肝菌B. speciosus、拟桃红牛肝菌与华美牛肝菌的相互识别。ITS区段的PCR扩增结果表明,5对ITS特异引物皆成功扩增出可用于辨别这些近缘物种的目的条带。但未能设计出ITS特异引物,以识别华靛牛肝菌与桃红牛肝菌B. regius两个近缘物种。     

中国松塔牛肝菌属新种和新记录种

本文报道松塔牛肝菌属四个新种,即:裸皱松塔牛肝菌Strobilomyces gla-bellus Ying sp.nov.,阔裂松塔牛肝菌S.latirimosus Ying sp.nov.,微茸松塔牛肝菌S.subnudus Ying sp.nov.,短绒松塔牛肝菌S.velutinus Ying sp.nov.;及四个中国新记录种,即:柔鳞松塔牛肝菌S.mollis Corner,疣鳞松塔牛肝菌S.nigricans Berk.,锥鳞松塔牛肝菌S.polypyramis Hook.,半裸松塔牛肝菌S.semi-nudus Hongo.松塔牛肝菌属Strobilomyces以其具有变黑的担子果与菌幕、不粘的菌盖上有疣状、绵绒状或刺状鳞片以及黑褐色带明显纹饰的孢子而易于识别。Singer(1945)按孢子纹饰的不同将松塔牛肝菌属分为两个组,其一为具疣、刺和网纹的种类;另一为具纵贯孢子两端的翼状棱纹的种类。对于后者的归属问题,Pegler & Young持不同见解,并于1981建立了非洲牛肝菌属AfroboletusPegler & Young以纳孢子具翼状纵棱和孢缘边(rim)的种类;含2—4种,分布在非洲近赤道的地区。在中国,松塔牛肝菌属已报道过三个种,即:松塔牛肝菌Strobilomyces,floc-copus(Vahl.ex Fr.)Karst.光头松塔牛肝菌S.glabriceps Chiu和混淆松塔牛肝菌S.confusus Sing.。裘维蕃(1948,1957)曾描述过网孢松塔牛肝菌Strobi-lomyces retisporus(Pat.et Bak.)Gilb.但因其子实体色鲜红至褐红而不变黑色、子层体淡暗黄色且菌肉不变红-黑色、孢子具网纹而宜转隶于Heimiellia Boedijn(1951)。文中有新分类单位和国内已知种的分种检索表、新种的拉丁文和英文描述并有绘图和扫描电镜照片示明孢子纹饰。     

我国鼎湖山的担子菌类III．牛肝菌科的种之二

本文报道了我国鼎湖山牛肝菌20个种,其中4个新种,1个新变种以及15个国内新记录。褐小牛肝菌属Fuscoboletimus Pomerleau et Smith和南方牛肝菌属Austroboletug(Corner) Wolf 为新纪录属。4个新种是：辐射状条孢牛肝菌Bolelellus radiatus Bi sp. Nov.,亚黄褐牛肝菌 Bolettty sublulvus Bi sp．nov., 变红褐色牛肝菌Boletus rufo-brunnesgens Bi sp．Nov. 以及近浅灰色牛肝菌Boletus subgriseus Bi sp．nov., 1个新变种为小近自褐疣柄牛肝菌Leccinum subleueophaeum Dick et Smell var. msnimum Bi var. nov. 文中有分属和分种的检 索表。新种和新变种均有汉文和拉丁文描述。     

中国牛肝菌目的研究和增补

在研究我国川西、滇、桂、海南岛的牛肝菌目标本中,发现二新种:网盖金牛肝菌(Aureoboletus reticuloceps)和黑牛肝菌(Boletus nigricans),后者属黑牛肝菌组,新组(Boletus sect.Nigres)。并报道了婆罗洲牛肝菌、美丽牛肝菌、怪形牛肝菌、焰色牛肝菌、黑紫牛肝菌、长柄条孢牛肝菌和西藏金牛肝菌的分布型和所呈现的印度——马来西亚热带成分的相适关联。     

亚洲热带牛肝菌的研究

报道了有关亚洲分布的热带牛肝菌 ,其中如红色条孢牛肝菌Boletellusfallax (Corner)Watling ,褐微孔牛肝菌BoletusfuscimicroporusZangetPetersen ,sp .nov .,刺牛肝菌Boletochaetespinifera (PatetBaker)Singer,白色华牛肝菌SinoboletusalbiolusZangetPetersen ,sp .nov .,粘盖华牛肝菌SinoboletusgelatinosusZangetPetersen .sp .nov .,巨孔绒盖牛肝菌XerocomusmagniporusZangetPetersen .和腹牛肝菌GastroboletusboedijniLohw .原记录于云南丽江 ,今见于泰国     

中国牛肝菌目的研究和增补

在研究我国川西、滇、桂、海南岛的牛肝菌目标本中,发现二新种：网盖金牛肝菌和黑牛肝菌,后者属黑牛肝菌组,新组。并报道了婆罗洲牛肝菌、美丽牛肝菌、怪形牛肝菌、焰色牛肝菌、黑紫牛肝菌、长柄条孢牛肝菌和西藏金牛肝菌的分布型和所呈现的印度－马来西亚热带成分的相适关联。     

我国鼎湖山的担子菌类 Ⅲ.牛肝菌科的种之二

本文报道了我国鼎湖山牛肝菌20个种,其中4个新种,1个新变种以及15个国内新记录。褐小牛肝菌属 Fuscoboletinus Pomerleau et Smith 和南方牛肝菌属 Austroboletus(Corner)Wolf为新纪录属。4个新种是:辐射状条孢牛肝菌 Boletellus radiatus Bi sp. nov.,亚黄褐牛肝菌 Boletus subfulvus Bi sp. nov.,变红褐色牛肝菌 Boletus rufo-brunnescens Bi sp.nov.以及近浅灰色牛肝菌 Boletus subgriseus Bi sp. nov.。1个新变种为小近白褐疣柄牛肝菌Leccinum subleucophaeum Dick et Snell var. minimum Bi var. nov.。文中有分属和分种的检索表。新种和新变种均有汉文和拉丁文描述。     

云南美味牛肝菌ITS 区域结构特点

利用ITS 的通用引物(ITS5-ITS4) 对云南的美味牛肝菌( Boletus edulis) 子实体的DNA 进行PCR 扩增, 扩增产物回收后直接测序。序列的聚类分析表明, 在ITS1-5 . 8S rDNA-ITS2 区域, 云南的美味牛肝菌与欧洲的夏牛肝菌( B. aestivalis) 和铜色牛肝菌( B . aereus) 同源性较高, 但在ITS2 区域夏牛肝菌和铜色牛肝菌分别有一段美味牛肝菌没有的大小分别为73 bp 和26 bp 的特征序列。     

云南美味牛肝菌ITS区域结构特点

利用ITS的通用引物（ITS5-ITS4）对云南的美味牛肝菌（Boletus edulis）子实体的DNA进行PCR扩增,扩增产物回收后直接测序。序列的聚类分析表明,在ITS1—5．8S rDNA-ITS2区域,云南的美味牛肝菌与欧洲的夏牛肝菌（B．aestivalis）和铜色牛肝菌（B．aereus）同源性较高,但在ITS2区域夏牛肝菌和铜色牛肝菌分别有一段美味牛肝菌没有的大小分别为73bp和26bp的特征序列。     

云南牛肝菌属分组初探及两新种

本文对云南产牛肝菌属的分组和牛肝菌组下的亚组进行了初步组合;并报道了该属的一新组(鳞柄牛肝菌Sect.Squamulistipites Zang Sect.nov.)及两新种(鳞柄牛肝菌Boletus squamulistipes Zang sp.nov.和橙香牛肝菌Boletus citrifragrans Chiu et Zang sp.nov.)。     

Bolete diversity in two relict forests of the Mexican beech (Fagus grandifolia var. mexicana; Fagaceae)

The current distribution of the endangered Mexican beech [Fagus grandifolia var. mexicana (Martinez) Little] is restricted to relict isolated populations in small remnants of montane cloud forest in northeastern Mexico, and little is known about its associated biota. We sampled bolete diversity in two of these monospecific forests in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. We compared alpha diversity, including species richness and ensemble structure, and analyzed beta diversity (dissimilarity in species composition) between forests. We found 26 bolete species, five of which are probably new. Species diversity and evenness were similar between forests. Beta diversity was low, and the similarities of bolete samples from within and between forests were not significantly different. These results support the idea that the two forests share a single bolete ensemble with a common history. In contrast, cumulative species richness differed between the forests, implying that factors other than the mere presence of the host species have contributed to shaping the biodiversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in relict Mexican beech forests.     

Comparative enzyme activities of the intestinal brush border membranes of the herbivorous mudskipper Boleophthalmus pectinirostris and the carnivorous Chinese black sleeper Bostrichthys sinensis

Both the mudskipper Boleophthalmus pectinirostris and Chinese black sleeper Bostrichthys sinensis live in the intertidal zone, but their feeding habits are different. The adult B.   pectinirostris is herbivorous, whereas the adult B.   sinensis is carnivorous; however, differences between the two species are not clear with regard to distribution patterns and activities of the intestinal enzymes. This study thus investigated the distribution patterns and specific activities of four disaccharidases (maltase, sucrase, lactase and trehalase), two proteases [leucine–amniopeptidase (LAP) and γ–glutamyltranspeptidase (γ-GT)] and an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in brush border membrane fractions obtained from three purified intestinal sections of the two species. The highest activities of the four disaccharidases were found in the midgut of B.   pectinirostris and in the foregut of B. sinensis . Highest activities of the two proteases and ALP occurred in the hindgut of B.   pectinirostris and in the midgut of B. sinensis . The activities of the four disaccharidases in each intestinal section of B.   pectinirostris were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in those of B. sinensis . The levels of LAP, γ-GT and ALP activities in the three intestinal sections varied in B.   pectinirostris and B. sinensis , suggesting that the primary regions for disaccharide digestion were in the midgut in B.   pectinirostris and in the foregut in B. sinensis , and that the hindgut of B.   pectinirostris and the midgut of B. sinensis should play important roles in final protein digestion and nutrient absorption, respectively. The activities of the four disaccharidases in the two species were well correlated with their feeding habits. However, no clear-cut correlation between the activities of the two proteases and diet could be concluded from the present study.     

针对性rDNA-ITS序列分析不支持冬虫夏草复合种假设

冬虫夏草是有名的中药材,作为滋补药物已有数百年历史。它主要分布于亚洲高纬度草甸地带,寄主为蝙蝠蛾幼虫。目前有许多证据尤其是在rDNA-ITS水平上支持中国被毛孢Hirsutella sinensis是冬虫夏草的唯一无性型。然而,除了那些属于明显的错误注册的序列以外,从NCBI数据库检索得到的多个已注册为"冬虫夏草"的序列彼此之间的差异十分显著。基于这些有差异的GenBank序列,有些作者提出了冬虫夏草种复合群体及其包含的三个隐存种的假设。为检验该假设,我们以单株冬虫夏草子实体为材料,开展了rDNA-ITS序列分析研究。冬虫夏草样品分别采自中国的四川和青海两省。结果显示只有‘冬虫夏草A组’应为真正的冬虫夏草,而B组和C组很有可能属于其他真菌,而非冬虫夏草的隐存种。     

广东粉孢牛肝菌属的一个新种

以拉丁文及英文描述了一个牛肝菌新种,即类铅紫粉孢牛肝菌Tylopilus plumbeoviolaceoides,并绘制了黑白线条图。模式标本(HMIGD20311)保存在广东省微生物研究所标本室 (HMIGD) 内。     

Bolete Productivity of Cistaceous Scrublands in Northwestern Spain<Superscript>1</Superscript>

Bolete Productivity of Cistaceous Scrublands in Northwestern Spain. Cistaceous scrublands dominated by Cistus ladanifer and Halimium lasianthum are widely distributed in northwestern Spain and are known to harbor the popular edible mushrooms Boletus edulis and B. aereus. As commercial harvest of these species is an important activity in Spain’s forests, in some cases generating greater revenue than timber production, we tried to determine whether there is commercial potential for bolete harvest in young cistaceous scrublands. Transects of 50 m × 2 m were randomly established in cistaceous scrublands and bolete yield was measured. High production of these valuable mushrooms was associated with 3-year-old plants, a much earlier onset than observed for Pinus and Quercus stands. Management recommendations for the studied scrub ecosystems are proposed that take into account the economic value of the mushrooms.     

Description of Bullera kunmingensis sp. nov., and clarification of the taxonomic status of Bullera sinensis and its synonyms based on molecular phylogenetic analysis

A ballistoconidium-forming yeast strain, CH 2.506, isolated from a semi-dried leaf of Parthenocissus sp. collected near Kunming City in Yunnan, China, was shown to be closely related to the non-ballistoconidium-forming species Cryptococcus luteolus (Saito) C.E. Skinner and the ballistoconidium-forming species Bullera sinensis Li by molecular phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rDNA sequencing. This strain was demonstrated to represent a distinct undescribed yeast species by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequence and G+C content comparison and DNA-DNA relatedness, for which the name Bullera kunmingensis sp. nov. is proposed. Meanwhile, the taxonomic relationships among Bullera sinensis and its synonyms B. derxii Nakase & Suzuki and B. alba (Hanna) Derx var. lactis Li, were clarified on the basis of molecular phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA reassociation. B. derxii was confirmed to be conspecific with B. sinensis, while B. alba var. lactis was shown to represent a variety of B. sinensis. A new combination, Bullera sinensis Li var. lactis (Li) Bai, Takashima et Nakase, is therefore proposed. Comparative analysis of different types of molecular criteria employed in the present study suggested that when inferring phylogenetic relationships among sibling taxa, sequence data from ITS regions should be interpreted with caution.     

广东南岭国家级自然保护区牛肝菌资源的研究

叙述了广东南岭国家级自然保护区牛肝菌资源的研究概况,旨在为合理开发利用该地区的牛肝菌提供理论依据。     

基于AFLP分析的伯乐树(Bretschneidera sinensis)谱系地理学研究

伯乐树（Bretschneidera sinensis Hemsl.）是主要分布于中国的濒危物种。采用AFLP分子标记对分布于中国11个省的24个伯乐树居群192个个体进行谱系地理学研究。结果显示,伯乐树有相对较高的遗传多样性水平,基因多样性指数（He）和Shannon指数（Ⅰ）分别为0.2728和0.4070。伯乐树居群间的遗传分化远大于居群内遗传分化,遗传分化系数G_ST=0.7138,基因流N_m=0.2005。通过聚类分析、STRUCTURE分析和BAPS分析发现,24个伯乐树居群可形成4大地理居群组和进化谱系;云贵高原东部地区居群遗传多样性较高,可能是伯乐树在中国的扩散中心和冰期避难所,伯乐树在冰期后由此向外进行居群扩散;南岭地区各居群遗传多样性水平普遍高于其他地区,与邻近地区各居群的亲缘关系较近,可能为伯乐树演化历史上的另一个冰期避难所。     

Strobilomyces mirandus Corner, a new record from Japan

Strobilomyces mirandus, a bolete new to Japan, is described and illustrated. This is the first record of the species outside of the type locality in Malaysia. It is very distinct from other Strobilomyces species by the unusually colored yellow or golden-orange to brownish-orange of the basidiocarp.