核盘菌可溶性蛋白质及同工酶电泳研究

为了研究核盘菌的分类和生理分化问题,对供试的28个核盘菌株进行了可溶性蛋白质,芳香基酯酶和酸性磷酸酯酶同工酶电泳谱带以及紫外光吸收峰图形的试验研究,其结果,可分为五种类型。其中属于核盘菌属有四个种,即核盘菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Lib.)de Bary(=Whetzelinia sclerotiorum(Lib.)Korf & Dumont),三叶草核盘菌S.trifoliorum Erikss.,细辛核盘菌(S.asari Wu et C.R.Wang和人参菌核病菌Sclerotinia sp。人参菌核病的另一分离菌和油菜菌核病的一个分离菌其谱带与灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)谱带相似,应归属于与葡萄孢属(Botrytis)相应的核盘菌。在核盘菌S.sclerotiorum种群中,南方菌系与北方菌系的可溶性蛋白质稍有差异,芳香基酯酶和酸性磷酸酯酶活性强度也稍有不同,可能存在生理分化现象。     

核盘菌可溶性蛋白质及同工酶电泳研究*

为了研究核盘菌的分类和生理分化问题,对供试的28个核盘菌株进行了可溶性蛋白质,芳香基酯酶和酸性磷酸酯酶同工酶电泳谱带以及紫外光吸收峰图形的试验研究,其结果,可分为五种类型。其中属于核盘菌属有四个种,即核盘菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Lib.)de Bary(=Whetzelinia sclerotiorum(Lib.)Korf & Dumont),三叶草核盘菌S.trifoliorum Erikss.,细辛核盘菌(S.asari Wu et C.R.Wang和人参菌核病菌Sclerotinia sp。人参菌核病的另一分离菌和油菜菌核病的一个分离菌其谱带与灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)谱带相似,应归属于与葡萄孢属(Botrytis)相应的核盘菌。在核盘菌S.sclerotiorum种群中,南方菌系与北方菌系的可溶性蛋白质稍有差异,芳香基酯酶和酸性磷酸酯酶活性强度也稍有不同,可能存在生理分化现象。     

Endomelanconiopsis microspora发酵产物乙酸乙酯提取物对人参核盘菌的抑制机理

【背景】人参菌核病是人参的主要病害之一,严重影响人参的产量。【目的】探索白花蒲公英内生菌(Endomelanconiopsis microspora)发酵产物乙酸乙酯提取物对人参核盘菌的抑制机理。【方法】采用人参核盘菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发试验测定抑制效果;采用显微镜观察菌丝形态变化,通过电导率和核酸含量的变化测定细胞膜通透性,通过丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)和过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活力的变化测定膜脂过氧化程度。【结果】内生菌E. microspora发酵产物乙酸乙酯提取物能显著抑制人参核盘菌菌丝生长,最小抑菌浓度为3.75 mg/mL,培养6 d后抑制率为76.22%。该提取物能显著抑制人参核盘菌孢子萌发,15.00 mg/mL时抑制效果最好,抑制率达90.69%。提取物影响菌丝形态,增加人参核盘菌细胞膜通透性,造成菌丝内含物外渗,7.50 mg/mL处理10 h后电导率和核酸含量分别比对照组增加30.11%和62.85%。同时提取物显著增加人参核盘菌MDA含量和SOD、POD、CAT活力,7.50 mg/mL处理组呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势,并在12 h时达到最高值。【结论】内生菌E. microspora发酵产物乙酸乙酯提取物通过改变人参核盘菌细胞膜通透性,加剧膜脂过氧化,破坏细胞膜完整性,导致细胞内含物流失,显著抑制孢子萌发和菌丝生长。     

中国白锈菌科分类研究II．爵床科上一新种及十字花科上的已知种

本文报道爵床科(Acanthaccae)上的尖药草白锈新种(Albugo aechmanthera Zhang et Y．X．Wang sp．nov．)和十字花科(Cruciferae)上已知种白锈菌[A. candida(Pers) O.Kuntze] 及大孢白锈[A．Macrospora(Togashi) S．Ito] 的寄主新记录和寄主植物国内新记录。新种有汉文和拉丁文描述及形态图。     

盘菌属一新种及一新记录种

本文报道我国盘菌属中两个具有绣球样子囊果的种。一个是新种贵州盘菌(Pezizagutzhouensis M.H．Liu);另一个是国内新记录种希氏盘菌[Peziza shearii (Gilkey) Korf]。文中对新种作了拉丁描述并附图,描述了新记录种并附图。还为该属中具绣球样子实体的已知种提供了检索表。新种模式标本的主模式保藏在HMAS,等模式保藏于贵州省安顺地区卫生防疫站标本室(GZAS)。     

中国链格孢属的分类研究IV.生于夹竹桃科和番木瓜科植物上的新种和新变种

报道生于夹竹桃科(Apocynaceae)植物上的链格孢新种2个、新变种2个,即络石链格孢(Alternaria trachelospermi T. Y. Zhang,X. F. Lin et W．Q．Chen)、细极链格孢络石生变种[A.Tenuissima (Nees ex Fr.) Wiltshire var．Trachelospermicola T. Y. Zhang,X. F. Lin et W. Q.Chen]、细极链格孢长春花变种[A. tenuissima (Nees ex Fr．) Wiltshim var catharanthi T. Y. Zhanget X. F. Lin]和长春花生链格孢(A. catharanthicola T．Y Zhang),及生于番木瓜科(Caricaccae)植物上的番术瓜链格孢(A. caricae T. Y. Zhang,W．Q Chen et X. F. Lin)。新种和新变种均有拉丁文特征描述,并附绘图。新分类单位的模式标本分别存放在西北农业大学真菌标本室(HMUABO)和山东农业大学植物病理标本室(HSAUP)．     

中国柱隔孢属分类研究V.

本文报道柱隔孢属一新种：紫穗槐柱隔孢 Ramularia amorphae Wang et Zhang sp．Nov．和两个新记录种：碧冬茄柱隔孢R．Petuniae Cooke,菜豆柱隔孢R．Phaseoli(Drummond) Deighton。新种提供了拉丁文描述。每个种均有汉文描述并附图。研究的标本收藏于云南农业大学真菌标本室。     

核盘菌属一新种—人参核盘菌

本文报道了采自人参的核盘菌属一新种－人参核盘菌。该种在一形态学以及可溶性蛋白、果胶酯酶和多聚半乳糖醛酸酶谱带等方面,均不同于已知和核盘菌,小核盘菌车轴草轴核盘菌和细辛核盘菌。模式标本保存于沈阳农业大学植物免疫研究室。     

小棒柄菌属和射棒孢属的新种

生在山木患(Harpullia cupanioides Roxb．)叶上的丝孢菌(Hyphomycetes)个新种：瘤孢小棒柄菌(Microclava tuberospora G. C. Zhao et N Li sp nov)和黑孢射棒孢菌(Actinocladium alrosporum G．C．Zhao et N. Li sp．nov)。文中对这两种真菌作了描述和比较。     

中国星盾炱属分类研究I．

本文报道了产于中国的星盾炱属 Asterina Lev．的15个种,其中2个新种和5个国内新记录种。新种是沉香星盾炱 Asterina aquilariae Y．S．Ouyang et B．Song 和藤黄生星盾炱Asterina garciniicola Y. S. Ouyang et B．Song．标本保存于广东省微生物研究所(GDIM)。     

云南西双版纳兰科十新种

1.豹斑石豆兰 新种 图1:5—6Bulbophyllum colomaculosum Tsi et S. C. Chen, sp. nov.Species nova B. obrieniano Rolfe proxima, a quo differt petalis margine dentatis.Herba epiphytica. pseudobulbi aggregati ovati, ca. 4 cm longi, medio 1.5—1.8 cm lati,     

New Taxa of Orchidaceae from Xishuangbanna of South Yunnan,China

The present paper reports 10 new species of Orchidaceae from Xishuangbanna: Bulbophyllum colomaculosum Tsi et S. C. Chen, B. brevispicatum Tsi et S. C. Chen, B. subparviflorum Tsi et S. C. Chen, Gastrodia menghaiensis Tsi et S. C. Chen, Oberonia delicata Tsi et S. C. Chen, Luisia magniflora Tsi et S. C. Chen, L. Longispica Tsi et S. C. Chen, Tainia ovifolia Tsi et S. C. Chen, Eria crassifolia Tsi et S. C. Chen and Phaius banna-nensis Tsi et S. C. Chen.     

THE CONFIRMATION OF THE VARIETY FABAE KEAY OF SCLEROTINIA TRIFOLIORUM ERIKSSON

There is confusion as to whether the Sclerotinia on Vicia faba is a normal strain of Sclerotinia trifoliorum as found on clover and related legumes or a distinct variety (var. fabae ). Pathologically the two fungi appear to be the same, and field observations indicate that beans in the rotation may aggravate the incidence of clover rot. A re-investigation of the morphology of the two fungi is made to assess the status of var. fabae.
The two fungi could not be distinguished by apothecial characters or cultural behaviour. Ascospore measurements confirm the existence of S. trifoliorum var. fabae , although 5. trifoliorum proper also occurs on beans. Var. fabae has not been found on any legume besides beans. Isolates from trefoil and sainfoin agree in spore size with S. trifoliorum on clover.
When isolates of S. trifoliorum are co-inoculated on the same Petri plate, they either do not react, or react to form a 'demarcation line'. Although a demarcation line is assumed to imply a genetic difference, non-reaction does not necessarily imply genetic identity. Non-reaction and the formation of a demarcation line also occur when var. fabae strains are co-inoculated together. When an isolate of S. trifoliorum is co-inoculated with an isolate of S. trifoliorum var. fabae an 'incompatibility line' is formed. Use can be made of this fact in identification.
On the basis of co-inoculations 5. trifoliorum and S. trifoliorum var. fabae are both shown to constitute a diverse range of biotypes. Segregation of biotypes in the ascus as a result of heterokaryosis in the ascus-initial is demonstrated. The view is expressed that heterokaryosis is the mechanism underlying the production of new biotypes.     

伊贝母葡萄孢盘(新种)的分类学研究

在陕西省太白县采集到伊贝母(Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk.)的菌核病致病真菌,伊贝母葡萄孢盘 Botryotinia fritillarii-pallidiflori Q.T.Chen et J.L.Li sp.nov.新种。并报道了其形态特征及其与椭圆葡萄孢 [Botrytis elliptica(Berk.)Cooke]和驴蹄草葡萄孢盘(Botryotinia calthae Hennebert et Elliott)的区别。     

Molecular authentication of Panax species

Using conserved plant sequences as primers, the DNA sequences in the ribosomal ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region have been amplified and determined for six Panax species, P. ginseng C. A. Mey. (Oriental ginseng), P. quinquefolius L. (American ginseng), P. notoginseng (Burkill) F. H. Chen (Sanchi), P. japonicus C. A. Mey. (Japanese ginseng), P. trifolius L. and P. major Ting, as well as two common adulterants of ginseng, Mirabilis jalapa L. and Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. An authentication procedure based upon the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in the region is able to differentiate between P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius, and to discriminate the ginsengs from the two common poisonous adulterants. Broader application of this approach to authenticate other morphologically similar Chinese medicinal materials is rationalised.     

Sphaerotylos C. J. Chen—A Remarkable New Genus of Urticaceae from China,with Notes on Stigmas of the Family

A new subtribe of the family Urticaceae, Sphaerotylinae C. J. Chen, a new genus, Sphaerotylos C. J. Chen and its type species S. medogensis C. J. Chen from south-eastern Xizang (Tibet) in China are described and illustrated. The subtribe is regarded as a primitive group in the tribe Boehmerieae. The ring-shaped stigma and the ball-like connective are the first discovery in the family Urticaceae. The types of the stigma of the family, their taxonomic significance and their evolution are also discussed in the present paper.     

核盘菌弱毒株Ep-1PN培养性状的有性遗传特性*

观察和测定了核盘菌（Sclerotiniasclerotiorum（Lib．）deBary）弱毒株Ep-1PN单孢分离物的生长、菌落扩展和菌落形态等培养性状。结果发现：来自7个子囊盘的1574个单孢分离物中有1560个分离物的培养性状与正常菌株的没有显著差异,与亲本相似的分离物只有6个,其它8个分离物介于弱毒株Ep-1PN与正常菌株之间。弱毒株Ep-1PN培养性状的有性遗传不遵循孟德尔核遗传规律。     

核盘菌弱毒株Ep-1PN培养性状的有性遗传特性

观察和测定了核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary)弱毒株Ep-1PN单孢分离物的生长、菌落扩展和菌落形态等培养性状.结果发现来自7个子囊盘的1574个单孢分离物中有1560个分离物的培养性状与正常菌株的没有显著差异,与亲本相似的分离物只有6个,其它8个分离物介于弱毒株Ep-1PN与正常菌株之间.弱毒株Ep-IPN培养性状的有性遗传不遵循孟德尔核遗传规律.