HSV-1UL-12基因的克隆、表达及产物复性

目的:克隆及表达单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型(HSV-1)UL12基因,对其表达产物HSV-1碱性核酸酶(AN)进行复性,为建立抗HSV-1药物的分子筛选模型奠定了基础,对于寻找抗病毒药物具有重要意义.方法:从HSV-1感染的Vero细胞中提取HSV-1基因组DNA,通过PCR克隆出UL12基因并对其测序;然后将HSV-1 UL12基因先克隆至pMD19-T载体,再亚克隆到pET32a表达载体上,并将重组载体转化到E.coli Rosetta菌中进行表达;最后用梯度盐酸胍对表达出的包涵体进行复性.结果:成功构建了pET32a-UL12重组载体,经序列比对,与GenBank上公布的HSV-1国际标准毒株17株的UL12基因序列的同源性达到了99.2%.在E.coli Rosetta菌中以包涵体的形式表达,经复性得到有活性的HSV-1碱性核酸酶(AN).AN同时具有核酸外切酶和核酸内切酶的活性,与核酸作用60min时酶活性最高.结论:重组载体pET32a-UL12经表达、复性可获得有活性的HSV-1 AN.     

HSV-1感染人成纤维细胞中HTRP基因的生物信息学分析

依靠生物信息技术对HSVI型病毒刺激KMB-17细胞后克隆得到的差异基因HTRP和其编码蛋白序列的特征进行了分析和顶测,初步推测了该基因的转录调控序列和编码蛋白的结构特点,为深入研究病毒刺激后细胞基因表达所编码序列的功能提供了基本数据.     

siRNA干扰HSV-1 UL30 DNA聚合酶基因的研究

目的：筛选高效沉默HSV-1UL30基因的siRNA,研究siRNA沉默UL30基因后对HSV-1繁殖的影响。方法：设计并化学合成12对靶向UL30基因的siRNA,与pEGFP-N1-Fi融合表达质粒共转染VERO细胞,流式细胞术筛选高效抑制Fi-EGFP融合蛋白的siRNA,实时荧光定量PCR检测siRNA对感染细胞内UL30mRNA表达的抑制效果,CPE法和空斑减数实验评价siRNA对HSV-1繁殖的抑制效果。结果：共转染实验筛选出高效抑制Fi-EGFP融合蛋白的siRNA4、siRNA10及siRNA8,这3对siRNA均能显著降低感染细胞内UL30mRNA的表达水平及病变细胞释放到培养上清的子代病毒滴度,siRNA4和siRNA10在感染后36h对HSV-1的繁殖有明显的抑制效果,其病斑分别比对照组减少61.17%、51.46%（P〈0.05）,siRNA4、siRNA10及siRNA8组最终形成的空斑直径分别比对照组减小29.94%、23.49%、21.69%（P〈0.01）。结论：筛选到高效抑制UL30的3对siRNAs,siRNA4及siRNA10在病斑形成早期对HSV-1的繁殖有明显的抑制效果,说明siRNA4、siRNA10及siRNA8均能延缓病斑的扩大和病斑数目的增长,对病毒的繁殖有一定的抑制效果。     

HSV—1感染人成纤维细胞中HTRP基因的生物信息学分析

依靠生物信息技术对HSV I型病毒刺激KMB－17细胞后克隆得到的差异基因HTRP和其编码蛋白序列的特征进行了分析和预测,初步推测了该基因的转录调控序列和编码蛋白的结构特点,为深入研究病毒刺激后细胞基因表达所编码序列的功能提供了基本数据。     

Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒糖蛋白G基因片段的克隆表达及初步鉴定

通过计算机分析Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒糖蛋白G的氨基酸序列,筛选出HSV1gG蛋白中优势抗原决定簇位点,用PCR技术扩增克隆含强抗原决定簇较集中的基因片段。将该段基因克隆至质粒表达载体pGEX4T2内,转化大肠杆菌TG1,构建成功了高效表达Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒糖蛋白G基因的工程菌。用纯化的表达蛋白HSV1gGGST作抗原ELISA分析证实有较好的抗原性和特异性,显示可应用于单纯疱疹病毒感染的诊断 。     

HSV-1UL6基因编码门蛋白的结构及功能

门蛋白在单纯疱疹病毒1型（HSV-1）的衣壳装配和基因组包装过程中扮演重要角色,对病毒的复制有重要作用。本文就HSV-1 UL6基因编码的门蛋白进行阐述,具体介绍形成门蛋白多聚体的影响因素,门蛋白及其周边蛋白的结构及功能,以及其靶点药物的研究现状等,以期为研究门蛋白在疱疹病毒感染和复制过程中的作用提供一定参考。     

Radiolabelled Pyrimidine Nucleosides to Monitor the Expression of HSV-1 Thymidine Kinase in Gene Therapy

Abstract

Selective radiolabelling and imaging of transduced HSV tk expressing cells was studied using [¹²³I]IVFRU, [¹²⁵I]FIRU and [¹²⁵I]FIAU. Although all three radionucleosides accumulated in the KBALB-STK transduced murine tumour line in vitro and in vivo, [¹²⁵I]FIRU provided optimal performance in terms of selectivity for HSV tk expressing cells and % of injected dose accumulating in the tumor.     

特异性干扰ICP27基因的siRNA对HSV-1病毒复制的影响

针对单纯疱疹病毒1型(herpes simplex virus 1,HSV-1)的ICP27基因和其他疱疹病毒相关基因的高度保守区设计小干扰RNA(small interfering RNA,siRNA),研究其抑制病毒复制的效果。首先构建相应的小发夹RNA(small hairpin RNA,shRNA),然后通过病毒滴度测定、real-time PCR和细胞致病变效应(cytopathic effect,CPE)检测所设计的siRNA抑制病毒复制的能力。结果显示,所设计的shRNA-2(靶序列起始位置815)和shRNA-3(靶序列起始位置1 367)具有明显地抑制病毒复制的效果。尤其是shRNA-3,抑制病毒复制的效果更明显,在病毒滴度实验中,与阴性对照相比,其抑制倍数为81,同时可以下调ICP27基因的mR NA表达水平。实验结果表明shRNA-3能够显著抑制HSV-1病毒复制的能力,可以作为HSV-1感染性疾病的补充治疗手段,其对应的靶序列可以作为抗HSV-1新的靶标。     

Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒 gD基因片段的高效表达及抗原性分析

目的 获得高表达的Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)被膜糖蛋白gD（简称gD1）基因的工程菌。方法 通过计算机分析,筛选出疱疹病毒gD1中优势抗原决定簇的基因片段。将克隆的基因片段插入表达载体pTrxA内,转化大肠杆菌Rosetta,以异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷诱导表达。十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)分析表达产物。　结果　PCR扩增出约930bp的gD1编码基因目的片段,与预期片段大小相符,经测序鉴定无基因突变;所构建pTrxA-gD1重组表达质粒阳性克隆经PCR与双酶切鉴定,与预期结果一致;含有pTrxA-gD1重组质粒的大肠杆菌Rosetta诱导后得到了高效达,SDS-PAGE显示表达产物约Mr48000（Dalton）。免疫印迹结果表明表达产物具有较好的抗原性。结论　成功构建了pTrxA-gD1表达质粒,实现了成熟gD1蛋白在大肠杆菌中的高效表达,表达产物具有好的抗原性。     

HSV-1感染细胞中HTRP基因的克隆及表达纯化

在对单纯疱疹病毒1型（HSV－1）感染KMB－17细胞后的早期基因反应的研究中,从HSV－1感染后细胞特异性cDNA文库中筛选出一个1381bp基因一HTRP,基因测序分析表明为与HSV－1感染相关基因（GenBank登录号：AF450482）,含有完整的ORF框架,cds全长924bp,编码308个氨基酸。构建了pGEX-HTRP表达质粒,在大肠杆菌B21加获得了较高的表达,采用Glutathione Sepharose4B进行亲和纯化后获得较高纯度的HTRP蛋白。用该蛋白免疫小鼠后制备的特异抗血清,在蛋白印迹实验中表现出抗体的特异性。     

A lentiviral vector-based, herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein B vaccine affords cross-protection against HSV-1 and HSV-2 genital infections

Genital herpes is caused by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2, and its incidence is constantly increasing in the human population. Regardless of the clinical manifestation, HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections are highly transmissible to sexual partners and enhance susceptibility to other sexually transmitted infections. An effective vaccine is not yet available. Here, HSV-1 glycoprotein B (gB1) was delivered by a feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) vector and tested against HSV-1 and HSV-2 vaginal challenges in C57BL/6 mice. The gB1 vaccine elicited cross-neutralizing antibodies and cell-mediated responses that protected 100 and 75% animals from HSV-1- and HSV-2-associated severe disease, respectively. Two of the eight fully protected vaccinees underwent subclinical HSV-2 infection, as demonstrated by deep immunosuppression and other analyses. Finally, vaccination prevented death in 83% of the animals challenged with a HSV-2 dose that killed 78 and 100% naive and mock-vaccinated controls, respectively. Since this FIV vector can accommodate two or more HSV immunogens, this vaccine has ample potential for improvement and may become a candidate for the development of a truly effective vaccine against genital herpes.     

Role of herpes simplex virus 1 Us3 in viral neuroinvasiveness

Us3 is a serine–threonine protein kinase that is encoded by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV‐1). In experimental animal models of HSV infection, peripheral and intracranial inoculations can be used to study viral pathogenicity in peripheral sites (e.g., eyes and vagina) and central nervous systems (CNSs), respectively. In addition, peripheral inoculation can be used to investigate this virus' ability to invade the CNS (neuroinvasiveness) from peripheral sites. HSV‐1 Us3 has previously been shown to be critical for viral pathogenicity in both peripheral sites and CNSs of mice. However, the role of HSV‐1 Us3 in viral neuroinvasiveness has not yet been elucidated. In the present study, the yields of a Us3 null mutant virus and its repaired virus in the eyes, trigeminal ganglia, and brains of mice following ocular inoculation were examined. It was found that, although the repaired virus appeared in the brains of mice 3 days after infection, peak replication occurring 7 days after infection, no viral replication of the Us3 null mutant virus was detectable. These findings indicate that HSV‐1 Us3 plays a crucial role in the ability of the virus to invade the brain from the eyes. Thus, HSV‐1 Us3 is a significant neuroinvasiveness factor in vivo.     

Identification of an HSV-1/HSV-2 cross-reactive T cell determinant.

The results from a number of studies have documented that the HSV glycoprotein gD is an important target for neutralizing antibodies. In contrast, little is known about the Th cell determinants present on HSV that are required for anti HSV gD antibody production. In our study we have immunized BALB/c mice with a recombinant source of HSV-1 gD lacking the carboxyl-terminal 93 amino acids. T cell hybridomas produced from the immunized animals recognized a single antigenic peptide (amino acids 246-261) in the context of I-Ad. The determinant expressed by gD peptide 246-261 was generated and presented by both HSV-1 and HSV-2 infected APC. Fine specificity analysis using truncated synthetic gD peptides revealed that the minimal amino acids recognized by the T hybrids were identical between HSV-1 and HSV-2. In addition, the minimal peptide-I-Ad binding analysis demonstrated that the minimal peptide sequence required for the binding to I-Ad and for T cell recognition contained two prolines. Thus, this important HSV antigenic determinant would not be expected to form an amphipathic alpha-helix and could therefore be missed by algorithms currently used to predict which amino acid sequences would be antigenic based on the propensity to form helices.     

Comprehensive Analysis of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) Entry Mediated by Zebrafish 3-O-Sulfotransferase Isoforms: Implications for the Development of a Zebrafish Model of HSV-1 Infection

Binding of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) envelope glycoprotein D (gD) to the receptor 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate (3-OS HS) mediates viral entry. 3-O-Sulfation of HS is catalyzed by the 3-O-sulfotransferase (3-OST) enzyme. Multiple isoforms of 3-OST are differentially expressed in tissues of zebrafish (ZF) embryos. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the role of ZF 3-OST isoforms (3-OST-1, 3-OST-5, 3-OST-6, and 3-OST-7) in HSV-1 entry. We found that a group of 3-OST gene family isoforms (3-OST-2, -3, -4, and -6) with conserved catalytic and substrate-binding residues of the enzyme mediates HSV-1 entry and spread, while the other group (3-OST-1, -5, and -7) lacks these properties. These results demonstrate that HSV-1 entry can be recapitulated by certain ZF 3-OST enzymes, a significant step toward the establishment of a ZF model of HSV-1 infection and tissue-specific tropism.     

A role for 3-O-sulfotransferase isoform-4 in assisting HSV-1 entry and spread

Many heparan sulfate (HS) 3-O-sulfotransferase (3-OST) isoforms generate cellular receptors for herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein D (gD). Interestingly, the ability of 3-OST-4 to mediate HSV-1 entry and cell-to-cell fusion has not been determined, although it is predominantly expressed in the brain, a primary target of HSV-1 infections. We report that expression of 3-OST-4 can render Chinese hamster ovary K1 (CHO-K1) cells susceptible to entry of wild-type and a mutant (Rid1) strain of HSV-1. Evidence for generation of gD receptors by 3-OST-4 was suggested by gD-mediated interference assay and the ability of 3-OST-4 expressing CHO-K1 cells to preferentially bind HSV-1 gD, which could be reversed by prior treatment of cells with HS lyases (heparinases-II/III). In addition, 3-OST-4 expressing CHO-K1 cells acquired the ability to fuse with cells-expressing HSV-1 glycoproteins. Demonstrating specificity, the cell fusion was inhibited by soluble 3-O-sulfated forms of HS, but not unmodified HS. Taken together our results suggest a role of 3-OST-4 in HSV-1 pathogenesis.     

单纯疱疹病毒2gD-Hsp70融合蛋白基因的构建及表达

构建并原核表达Hsp70-HSV2gD融合蛋白。将Hsp70和HSV-2gD蛋白基因分别克隆到原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1,构建成重组质粒pGEX-4T-Hsp70-gD,并测序鉴定。重组质粒pGEX-4T-Hsp70-gD转化大肠杆菌DH5α后,IPTG诱导表达并进行SDS-PAGE分析。表达产物纯化后做Westernblot检测。将其肌注免疫BALB/c小鼠,检测融合蛋白对免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖、γ-干扰素产生以及血清中gDIgG水平的影响。表达产物的SDS-PAGE分析发现,在相对分子量为118kD处有外源蛋白表达,与预期蛋白带一致。用GST柱得到了纯化的Hsp70-HSV2gD融合蛋白。Westernblot证实,表达产物具有良好的活性。GST-Hsp70-gD组蛋白疫苗免疫的小鼠,其脾淋巴细胞刺激指数和脾淋巴细胞培养上清中γ-干扰素的水平高于其它组(P<0.05)。血清单纯疱疹病毒-2gD蛋白的抗体水平高于其它组(P<0.05)。     

Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of 1-O-hexadecylpropanediol-3-P-acyclovir: efficacy against HSV-1 infection in mice

We synthesized, 1-O-hexadecylpropanediol-3-P-acyclovir, an orally bioavailable lipid prodrug of acyclovir and evaluated it for in vitro and in vivo activity against herpes simplex virus infections. Although 1-O-hexadecylpropanediol-3-P- acyclovir was less active in vitro than acyclovir, on a molar basis it was 2.4 times more active orally in preventing mortality from acute HSV-1 infection in mice. In vitro, 1-O-hexadecylpropanediol-3-P-acyclovir was also more active than acyclovir in a thymidine kinase negative mutant strain of HSV-1 (DM21) and had somewhat higher activity in cytomegalovirus infection in vitro due to it's ability to bypass thymidine kinase.