急性缺血性脑卒中患者血浆Lp-PLA2 的表达及与斑块稳定性及神经功 能缺损的关系

目的：探讨急性缺血性脑卒中患者血浆脂蛋白相关磷脂酶（Lp-PLA2）的表达及与斑块稳定性及神经功能缺损的关系。方法： 按照颈动脉彩超结果将2014 年5 月-2015 年1 月我院收治的80 例急性缺血性脑卒中患者分为斑块稳定组（25 例）、斑块不稳定 组（39 例）和无斑块组（16 例）,并于同期随机抽取120 例健康体检者为对照组。采用散射比浊法测定各组血浆Lp-PLA2,同时采 用美国国立卫生研究所中风量表（NIHSS 评分）对三组的神经功能缺损情况进行评估。结果：斑块稳定组、斑块不稳定组以及无斑 块组血浆Lp-PLA2 高于对照组,斑块稳定组、斑块不稳定组高于无斑块组,斑块不稳定组高于斑块稳定组,差异均有统计学意义 （P<0.05）,患者血浆Lp-PLA2水平与动脉粥样硬化斑块的稳定性呈正相关性（rs=0.638,P<0.05）。神经功能缺损中型组、重型组血 浆Lp-PLA2 高于轻型组,重型组高于中型组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,患者血浆Lp-PLA2 水平与神经功能缺损程度呈正相关 性（rs=0.715,P<0.05）。结论：血浆Lp-PLA2 可作为预测急性缺血性脑卒中患者颈动脉硬化斑块稳定性以及评估患者神经功能缺 损程度的重要指标。     

Predictors of Outcome and Hemorrhage in Patients Undergoing Endovascular Therapy with Solitaire Stent for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background

Endovascular mechanical thrombectomy is emerging as a promising therapeutic approach for acute ischemic stroke and show some advantages. However, the data of predicting clinical outcome after thrombectomy with Solitaire retriever were limited. We attempt to identify prognostic factors of clinical outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing thrombectomy with Solitaire retriever.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of consecutive acute ischemic strokes cases treated between December 2010 and December2013 where the Solitaire stent retriever was used for acute ischemic stroke. We assessed the effect of selected demographic characteristics, clinical factors on poor outcome at 3 months (modified Rankin score 3–6), mortality at 3 months, and hemorrhage within 24 h (symptomatic and asymptomatic). Clinical, imaging and logistic variables were analyzed. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify variables influencing clinical outcome, based on discharge NIHSS score change and mRS at 3 months.

Results

Eighty nine consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke underwent mechanical thrombectomy. Multivariate analysis revealed that admission NIHSS score, Serum glucose and endovascular procedure duration were independently associated with clinical outcome. Sex, NIHSS score at admission, diabetes and time of operation were associated with sICH in 1 day. NIHSS score ≥20 (OR 9.38; 95% CI 2.41–36.50), onset to reperfusion >5 hours (OR 5.23; 95% CI1.34,20.41) and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (OR 10.19; 95% CI1.80,57.83) were potential predictive factors of mortality at 3 months.

Conclusion

Multiple pre- and intra-procedural factors can be used to predict clinical outcome, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and mortality in acute ischemic stroke patients undergoing endovascular therapy. This knowledge is helpful for patients selection for endovascular mechanical thrombectomy.     

Reversal of Ophthalmic Artery Flow and Stroke Outcomes in Asian Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke and Unilateral Severe Cervical Carotid Stenosis

Background

The aim of this study was to assess the clinical implications of reversed ophthalmic artery flow (ROAF) for stroke risk and outcomes in subjects with unilateral severe cervical carotid stenosis/occlusion.

Methods

We investigated 128 subjects (101 with acute stroke and 27 without), selected from a large hospital patients base (n  =  14,701), identified with unilateral high-grade cervical carotid stenosis/occlusion by using duplex ultrasonography and brain magnetic resonance imaging. All clinical characteristics were compared for stroke risk between acute stroke and nonstroke groups. Patients with acute stroke were divided into 4 subgroups according to ophthalmic artery flow direction and intracranial stenosis severity, and stroke outcomes were evaluated.

Results

The acute stroke group had significantly higher percentages of ROAF (52.5%, p  =  0.003), carotid occlusion (33.7%, p  =  0.046), and severe intracranial stenosis (74.3%, p<0.001). However, multivariate analysis demonstrated that intracranial stenosis was the only significant risk factor (odds ratio  =  10.38; 95% confidence interval  =  3.64–29.65; p<0.001). Analysis of functional outcomes among the 4 subgroups of patients with stroke showed significant trends (p  =  0.018 to 0.001) for better stroke outcomes from ROAF and mild or no intracranial stenosis. ROAF improved 10–20% stroke outcomes, as compared to forward ophthalmic artery flow, among the patients with stroke and the same degree of severities of intracranial stenosis.

Conclusions

Patients with acute stroke and severe unilateral cervical carotid stenosis/occlusion significantly have high incidence of intracranial stenosis and ROAF. Intracranial stenosis is a major stroke risk indicator as well as a predictor for worse stroke outcomes, and ROAF may provide partial compensation for improving stroke outcomes.     

急性缺血性脑卒中不同水平血压管理应用效果及其对近期预后及认知功能的影响

摘要 目的：急性缺血性脑卒中不同水平血压管理应用效果及其对近期预后及认知功能的影响。方法：选择我院2021年7月-2022年9月收治的急性缺血性脑卒中患者180例作为本次研究对象,分为对照组及观察1组、观察2组,对照组不进行降压治疗,将观察1组患者急性期血压控制120/80 mmHg,观察2组血压控制在140/90 mmHg,观察各组患者临床治疗效果、近期预后改善情况及对认知功能的影响。采用美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中量表对患者治疗效果和NIHSS测量评定。结果：治疗后各组NIHSS评分较入院时明显降低,且治疗期间NIHSS评分变化12 d＞8 d＞4 d,观察1组、观察2组患者治疗4 d、8 d、12 d后NIHSS评分较对照组明显降低（P＜0.05）;治疗后观察1组和观察2组总有效率较对照组患者显著提高（P＜0.05）,观察1组与观察2组相比无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;观察1组、观察2组患者治疗后MMSE和MoCA评分较对照组明显升高（P＜0.05）,观察1组和观察2组MMSE和MoCA评分差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。Logistic回归分析提示血压控制和入院NIHSS评分则与脑卒中患者近期预后显著相关（P＜0.05）。结论：急性脑缺血性脑卒中急性期对患者进行血压控制能够有效提高患者预后效果,促进患者神经功能恢复,但血压控制120/80 mmHg与140/90 mmHg血压管理方案效果相似。     

比较MoCA和MMSE在卒中后认知功能筛查中的应用

目的：比较蒙特利尔认知评估量表（Montreal Cognitive Assessment,MoCA）和简易智能量表（mini-mental state examination,MMSE）在急性缺血性脑卒中后认知损害筛查中的应用。方法：对65例缺血性脑卒中患者在发病14天内应用简易精神状态检查量表（Mini-mental State Examination,MMSE）和MoCA进行神经心理评估。其中12例患者在发病3-6个月后应用MMSE、MoCA和神经心理成套测验进行神经心理评估。以MMSE〈23分、MoCA〈21为分界值,受教育年限小于12年加1分,文盲加2分。结果：MMSE的平均分值为25.2±4.3,MoCA的平均分值为18.6±5.7。37例患者MoCA评分显示有认知损害,但其中19例患者（29%）MMSE评分显示正常。28例MoCA评估显示认知正常的患者的MMSE评分均显示认知正常。视空间与执行功能、注意和语言重复测试受损最常见,定向和命名受损较少。在3-6个月的随访期内,12例患者中1例诊断为血管性痴呆患者的MoCA的分值上升1分,MMSE分值无变化;5例认知正常患者、3例轻度认知损害无痴呆的患者和3例中度认知损害无痴呆的患者MMSE和MoCA平均分值均有不同程度的上升,视空间与执行功能平均得分值在2次检测中无明显变化。结论：MoCA较MMSE检出血管性认知功能障碍患者敏感性更高,对认知变化更为敏感。     

Association between Statin Use and Short-Term Outcome Based on Severity of Ischemic Stroke: A Cohort Study

Background

Statins reportedly improve clinical outcomes for ischemic stroke patients. However, it is unclear whether the contribution of statin treatment varies depending on the severity of stroke. We sought to investigate the relationship between statin use and the outcome of acute first-ever ischemic stroke patients stratified by stroke severity.

Methods

A total of 7,455 acute first-ever ischemic stroke patients without statin treatment before onset were eligible from the China National Stroke Registry. A National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 0 to 4 was defined as minor stroke, and a NIHSS score of >4 was defined as non-minor stroke. We analyzed the association between statin use during hospitalization and mortality as well as functional outcome (measured by a modified Rankin Scale score of 0–5) at 3 months after onset using multivariable logistic regression models.

Results

A total of 3,231 (43.3%) patients received statin treatment during hospitalization. Multivariable analysis showed that statin use during hospitalization decreased mortality of ischemic stroke patients (OR, 0.51; 95%CI, 0.38–0.67), but did not improve poor functional outcomes (OR, 0.95; 95CI%, 0.81–1.11) at 3 months. The interaction between statin use and stroke severity was significant both in dependence and death outcome (P = 0.04 for dependence outcome, P = 0.03 for death outcome). After stratification by stroke severity, statin use during hospitalization decreased the mortality of stroke (OR, 0.44; 95%CI, 0.31–0.62) and poor functional outcome (OR, 0.73; 95%CI, 0.57–0.92) at 3 months in the non-minor stroke group.

Conclusions

Statin use during hospitalization may improve the clinical outcome of acute first-ever ischemic stroke depending on the severity of stroke. Non-minor stroke patients may obtain benefit from statin treatment with improvements in poor functional outcomes and mortality.     

颈内动脉支架置入术对颈动脉狭窄患者认知功能影响的研究

目的：研究颈动脉狭窄对认知功能的影响,探讨颈动脉支架置入术（CAS）患者术后不同时期认知功能的变化及其可能的机制。方法：选取2010年1月至2012年12月我院神经内科收住的急性脑梗死（前循环）患者75例,按颈内动脉狭窄程度,分成无狭窄组,轻度狭窄组（狭窄程度〈30％）,中度狭窄组（30-69％）和治疗组（70．99％）,前三组给予药物治疗,治疗组同时给予颈内动脉支架置入术,应用蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）、简易精神状态检查表（MMSE）、搭火柴测验（stickTest）,对患者进行认知功能评估,比较术前、术后不同时期认知功能的变化,同时利用SPECT／CT对治疗组20例患者术后局部脑血流改善状况进行评价。结果：治疗组和对照组在术前比较MoCA总分、MMSE评分、StickTest评分,发现治疗组评分低于对照组,且随着颈动脉狭窄程度的加重,认知功能受损越明显;治疗组在术后1周与术前比较,评分反而降低,差异有统计学意义;术后3个月、术后6个月与术前比较,评分均有所提高,差异有统计学意义;通过SPECT／CT对治疗组术前感兴趣区血流量与同侧小脑平均脑血流量比较,术后再与同侧小脑比较,结果显示术后脑灌注明显改善。结论：颈动脉狭窄与血管性认知功能障碍有关,而且认知功能障碍的程度与颈动脉狭窄程度呈正相关,颈内动脉支架置入术可最终改善认知功能,尤其表现在视空间／执行能力,延迟回忆能力,注意力等方面。     

Prediction Factors of Recurrent Ischemic Events in One Year after Minor Stroke

Background

The risk of a subsequent stroke following a minor stroke is high. However, there are no effective rating scales to predict recurrent stroke following a minor one. Therefore, we assessed the risk factors associated with recurrent ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) within one year of minor stroke onset in order to identify possible risk factors.

Methods

Eight hundred and sixty-three non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke patients in the Chinese IntraCranial AtheroSclerosis Study that presented with minor stroke, defined as an admission National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) score of ≤3, were consecutively enrolled in our study. Clinical information and imaging features upon admission, and any recurrent ischemic stroke or TIA within one year was recorded. Cox regression was used to identify risk factors associated with recurrent ischemic stroke or TIA within the year following stroke onset.

Results

A total of 50 patients (6.1%) experienced recurrent ischemic stroke or TIA within one year of minor stroke onset. Multivariate Cox regression model identified lower admission NIHSS score (HR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.32 to 2.33; P<0.0001), history of coronary heart disease (HR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.17 to 5.86; P = 0.02), severe stenosis or occlusion of large cerebral artery (HR, 4.68; 95% CI, 1.87 to 11.7; P = 0.001), and multiple acute cerebral infarcts (HR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.01 to 6.80; P = 0.05) as independent risk factors for recurrent ischemic stroke or TIA within one year.

Conclusions

Some minor stroke patients are at higher risk for recurrent ischemic stroke or TIA. Urgent and intensified therapy may be reasonable in these patients.     

影响尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死预后因素的初步分析

目的:对影响急性缺血性脑卒中患者应用尿激酶溶栓治疗预后的相关危险因素进行初步分析及研究,为今后选择适宜应用尿激酶溶栓的患者打下基础。方法:以2015年1月1日至2015年10月31日入院且应用尿激酶静脉溶栓的38例急性缺血性脑卒中患者,根据治疗3个月后的预后情况将患者分为A组(24例,预后良好)和B组(14例,预后不良),对两组患者的预后影响因素进行分析。结果:预后良好组患者的溶栓前NIHSS评分低于预后不良组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素的Logistic回归分析显示,吸烟和HINSS评分与急性脑梗死尿激酶溶栓预后不良有关,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),且NIHSS评分是预后的独立预测因素。结论:尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗脑梗死的患者,溶栓前较高的NIHSS评分可能与溶栓预后不良有关。吸烟的患者溶栓后出现预后不良的几率是不吸烟患者溶栓后预后不良的8.83倍,溶栓前NIHSS评分每增加1分,溶栓预后不良的几率增加1.76倍。     

颈动脉支架置入术改善认知功能

目的:观察颈动脉狭窄患者支架置入术时其认知功能的影响及简易精神评估量表(MMSE)与蒙特利尔认知评估北京版(MoCA)有无相关性。方法:收集124例颈动脉支架置入患者,在支架置入前及置入后1、3、6月分别应用简易精神评估量表(MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知评估北京版(MoCA)、P300检测患者认知功能的变化,同时对患者卒中有无复发进行登记,所有患者意识清楚,能配合完成上述检查。结果:所有患者安全、成功的置入颈动脉支架,无相关并发症出现;支架置入前颈动脉的狭窄率为(84±8.6)%,支架置入以后颈动脉狭窄率为(4.8±3.8)%,狭窄率较术前明显狭窄:支架置入前患者的MMSE、MoCA及P300潜伏期分别为21±3.1、14±3.6 ms,在治疗后随访的1、3及6个月,MMSE、MoCA明显提高而P300明显缩短;MMSE与MocA呈正相关;在随访期内患者无有症状的卒中复发。结论:颈动脉狭窄是导致认知功能障碍的原因之一,颈动脉支架置入可以改善患者认知功能障碍。     

颈动脉斑块LRNC特征可诊断2型糖尿病患者急性脑梗死的风险

2型糖尿病可能加重颈动脉斑块的易损性并增加缺血性中风的风险,关于2型糖尿病患者伴有颈动脉斑块特征的急性中风亚型鲜有研究报道。本研究旨在探讨2型糖尿病患者颈动脉斑块特征与MRI确定的急性脑梗死病变特征之间的关系。本研究以颈内动脉区急性脑血管病患者为研究对象,所有患者分为2型糖尿病组和非2型糖尿病组,分别行颈动脉和脑部MRI扫描,测定同侧颈动脉斑块的形态和特征,以及颅内和颅外颈动脉狭窄。基于中风亚型和急性脑梗塞病变模式对患者进行评估。研究结果表明,与非2型糖尿病患者相比,2型糖尿病患者颈动脉型IV-VI病变的患病率更高,斑块负荷更大,以及富脂质坏死核(LRNC)更大。在有症状的颈动脉LRNC患者中,与非2型糖尿病组相比,2型糖尿病组颈内动脉区出现较多的伴有大穿孔动脉梗塞形态和较大的急性脑梗塞。LRNC%>23.5%的颈动脉斑块是2型糖尿病患者存在颈动脉狭窄的急性脑梗塞病变的独立危险因素。颈动脉斑块特征的量化,尤其是MRI诊断的富脂质坏死核对中风风险具有潜在应用价值。     

Recanalization of Extracranial Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion after i.v. Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background

Although extracranial internal carotid artery (e-ICA) occlusion is a common pathology in patients undergoing intravenous thrombolysis for treatment of acute ischemic stroke, no data on e-ICA recanalization rate or potential effects on outcome are yet available.

Methods and Results

This study included 52 consecutive patients with e-ICA occlusion and ischemic stroke undergoing standard intravenous thrombolysis. The rate of e-ICA recanalization was 30.8% [95%CI, 18.2–43.3], documented at 3.5 [2.0–11.8] (median [IQR]) days after stroke, as compared to 8.6% [95%CI, 3.5–13.7] in a series of 116 consecutive patients with symptomatic e-ICA occlusion not undergoing thrombolysis (P<0.001 for difference). Functional outcome three months after stroke did not significantly differ for those with or without e-ICA recanalization following intravenous thrombolysis (modified Rankin scale ≤2: 31.3% vs. 22.2%, odds ratio 1.6 [95%CI, 0.4–5.9], P = 0.506). In patients with e-ICA occlusion of atherothrombotic origin, recanalization resulted in most instances in residual high-grade stenosis (13 of 14).

Conclusions

Recanalization of e-ICA occlusion after stroke thrombolysis occurred in about one third of patients. Although e-ICA recanalization had no significant effect on patient outcome, control sonography in the early days after thrombolysis is recommended for the detection of potential residual e-ICA stenosis.     

Abnormal Organization of White Matter Network in Patients with No Dementia after Ischemic Stroke

Structural changes after ischemic stroke could affect information communication extensively in the brain network. It is likely that the defects in the white matter (WM) network play a key role in information interchange. In this study, we used graph theoretical analysis to examine potential organization alteration in the WM network architecture derived from diffusion tensor images from subjects with no dementia and experienced stroke in the past 5.4–14.8 months (N = 47, Mini-Mental Screening Examination, MMSE range 18–30), compared with a normal control group with 44 age and gender-matched healthy volunteers (MMSE range 26–30). Region-wise connectivity was derived from fiber connection density of 90 different cortical and subcortical parcellations across the whole brain. Both normal controls and patients with chronic stroke exhibited efficient small-world properties in their WM structural networks. Compared with normal controls, topological efficiency was basically unaltered in the patients with chronic stroke, as reflected by unchanged local and global clustering coefficient, characteristic path length, and regional efficiency. No significant difference in hub distribution was found between normal control and patient groups. Patients with chronic stroke, however, were found to have reduced betweenness centrality and predominantly located in the orbitofrontal cortex, whereas increased betweenness centrality and vulnerability were observed in parietal-occipital cortex. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of patient is correlated with the betweenness centrality of right pallidum and local clustering coefficient of left superior occipital gyrus. Our findings suggest that patients with chronic stroke still exhibit efficient small-world organization and unaltered topological efficiency, with altered topology at orbitofrontal cortex and parietal-occipital cortex in the overall structural network. Findings from this study could help in understanding the mechanism of cognitive impairment and functional compensation occurred in patients with chronic stroke.     

老年H型高血压合并急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清omentin-1、Irisin水平与病情及预后的关系研究

目的:探讨老年H型高血压合并急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清网膜素-1(omentin-1)、鸢尾素(Irisin)水平与病情及预后的关系。方法:选择2017年6月-2019年9月我院收治的老年H型高血压合并急性缺血性脑卒中患者92例,记作合并脑卒中组,根据美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分将患者分为轻症组28例(NIHSS评分≤4分)、中症组39例(5分≤NIHSS评分≤20分)和重症组25例(NIHSS评分>20分),根据改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分将患者分为预后不良组28例(mRS评分>2分)和预后良好组64例(mRS评分≤2分)。另选择同期我院收治的单纯老年H型高血压患者90例作为单纯H型高血压组,分析合并脑卒中组患者血清omentin-1、Irisin水平及omentin-1、Irisin与NIHSS评分、mRS评分的相关性,并应用ROC曲线分析血清omentin-1、Irisin水平对患者预后的预测价值。结果:合并脑卒中组血清omentin-1、Irisin水平显著低于单纯H型高血压组(P<0.05),随脑卒中神经缺损严重程度的升高,H型高血压合并急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清omentin-1、Irisin水平逐渐降低(P<0.05),预后不良组血清omentin-1、Irisin水平显著低于预后良好组(P<0.05)。老年H型高血压合并急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清omentin-1、Irisin水平与NIHSS评分及mRS评分均呈负相关(P<0.05)。omentin-1最佳临界值为105.36 ng/ml,敏感度为78.23%,特异度为83.44%;Irisin最佳临界值为90.77 ng/L,敏感度为71.00%,特异度为61.43%。结论:老年H型高血压合并急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清omentin-1、Irisin水平异常降低,其水平与神经缺损程度和预后呈负相关,血清omentin-1、Irisin对老年H型高血压发生急性缺血性脑卒中的预后评估具有一定价值。     

Effect of Carotid Artery Stenting on Cognitive Function in Patients with Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis and Cerebral Lacunar Infarction: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study in China

Background and Objectives

Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is an important therapeutic strategy for patients with carotid artery stenosis. However, the potential influence of CAS on cognitive function in patients with carotid artery stenosis and cerebral lacunar infarction has not been determined. This study investigated changes in cognitive function associated with CAS and the factors related to these changes.

Methods

This prospective cohort study comprised 579 Chinese patients with cerebral lacunar infarction and carotid artery stenosis for whom CAS was indicated, and a matched control group of 552 healthy individuals. Cognitive function before CAS and at scheduled intervals from 6 months to 3 years was assessed with instruments that included the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale. Potential factors that might affect cognitive function were analyzed via logistic regression.

Results

The MMSE and MoCA scores of the patients before CAS were significantly lower than that of the control subjects. These scores were significantly higher 6 months after CAS and sustained or increased throughout the 3-year follow-up. Also significantly improved after CAS from baseline were scores for an alternating trail test, cube copying, clock-drawing, attention, and delayed recall in an auditory-verbal learning test. Logistic regression analyses showed that age greater than 65 y, little education, diabetes, and hypertension were independent risk factors for deteriorated MoCA scores 3 years after CAS.

Conclusion

CAS was associated with significantly improved cognitive function in cerebral lacunar infarction patients with severe stenosis.     

CAS和CEA治疗颈内动脉重度狭窄疗效及对脑血流量、血清miR-145、IGF1R的影响

目的:探讨颈动脉支架植入术(CAS)和颈动脉内膜剥脱术(CEA)治疗颈内动脉重度狭窄疗效及对脑血流量、血清miR-145、胰岛素样生长因子1受体(IGF1R)的影响。方法:回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年12月我院收治的100例颈动脉重度狭窄患者的临床资料,按照手术方式不同分为A组和B组,每组50例,A组给予CAS治疗,B组给予CEA治疗。比较两组围术期情况、脑血流量、血清miR-145、IGF1R、简易精神状态检查表(MMSE)量表、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)的变化,并比较术后并发症、再狭窄率及死亡率。结果:两组患者手术时间、术中失血量、术后机械通气时间、ICU停留时间、住院时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后3个月时,两组脑血流量指标相对达峰时间(rTTP)、相对平均通过时间(rMTT)、相对脑血容量(rCBV)、相对脑血流量(rCBE)、血清miR-145、IGF1R、MMSE量表、MoCA量表评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后30 d内,两组心动过缓、心肌酶谱升高、高灌注综合征、局部血肿、颈动脉急性闭塞比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),A组脑卒中、低血压发生率明显高于B组,B组高血压发生率明显高于A组(P<0.05);术后1年时,两组患者死亡率、再狭窄率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:CAS和CEA治疗颈内动脉重度狭窄患者的疗效相似,均可有效改善脑血流量,调节血清miR-145、IGF1R水平的表达,促进认知功能恢复,但CAS术后脑卒中、低血压发生率更高,CEA术后高血压发生率更高。     

Assessment of risk factors for postoperative cognitive dysfunction after coronary artery bypass surgery: a single-center retrospective cohort study

Aim: To find out risk factors for postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and to provide basis for clinical prevention of POCD. A total of 88 patients who underwent CABG were surveyed with Telephone Questionnaire (TICS-M) for their cognitive impairment after 3, 7, 21, 90, 180 days post-surgery. The occurrence of POCD was diagnosed by Neuropsychological Battery which included Vocabular Learning Test (VLT), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Trail Making Test (TMT) and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). The preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative risk factors were assessed by the χ² or t test. Multivariate analysis was used to study the correlation between the risk factors and the occurrence of POCD. Age, aortic plaque, carotid artery stenosis, cerebrovascular disease, anesthesia time, the rate of decline in intraoperative hemoglobin concentration (ΔHb) and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) score on postoperative day 2 had statistically significant (P<0.05) influence on the occurrence of POCD. Aortic plaque, carotid artery stenosis, anesthesia time and SIRS score (odds ratio (OR) value > 1, P<0.05) are the risk factors for POCD. The incidence of day-21 and -180 POCD was approximately 26.1 and 22.7%, respectively.     

Solitaire AB支架取栓联合动脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的临床疗效

目的:探讨Solitaire AB支架取栓联合动脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的临床疗效。方法:收集2014年8月至2016年8月我院收治的15例急性缺血性脑卒中患者,进行Solitaire AB支架取栓联合动脉溶栓治疗,通过评价患者治疗前后的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分(NIHSS评分)比较治疗效果,通过评价患者随访期间的改良Rankin评分(m RS)和哥拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)比较预后情况。结果:15例患者通过动脉溶栓联合1~3次Solitaire AB取栓后,14例患者均达到部分或完全再通,1例患者因生命体征不稳而终止取栓手术,再通率为93.3%。患者出院时NIHSS评分为(4.33±1.45),显著低于术前的(12.93±4.25)(P0.05)。15例患者均通过3个月的术后随访,改良Rankin(m RS)评分均显示良好,其中2例为2分,5例为1分,8例为0分。所有患者均未发生血管再闭塞等相关并发症。结论:Solitaire AB支架取栓联合动脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的临床效果良好且安全性高。     

Neuropsychological Sequelae of Carotid Angioplasty with Stent Placement: Correlation with Ischemic Lesions in Diffusion Weighted Imaging

Background and Purpose

Few studies investigated the neuropsychological outcome after carotid angioplasty with stent placement (CAS), yielding partially inconsistent results. The present investigation evaluated the effect of CAS in patients with high-grade stenosis and assessed the predictive value of ischemic lesion number for postinterventional cognitive deterioration.

Methods

22 patients were tested neuropsychologically before and six weeks after CAS. Cerebral ischemic changes were assessed with diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) prior to and after angioplasty.

Results

Pre- to postinterventional cognitive performance improved significantly in terms of verbal memory (t = −2.30; p<0.05), whereas significant deterioration was noted regarding verbal memory span (t = 2.31; p<0.05). 8 (36%) persons conformed to the criteria of cognitive improvement. 6 patients (27%) were postinterventionally classified as having deficits. Analysis yielded no statistically significant correlations between lesion quantity and cognitive change.

Conclusion

Both improvement and deterioration of cognitive functioning was observed in our collective of patients, leaving the neuropsychological outcome after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty unpredictable in individual cases. The presence of acute ischemic lesions on DWI was found to be not tightly associated with cognitive dysfunction after CAS.     

颈动脉支架置入术后患者认知功能的变化及CT灌注成像技术的疗效评估价值研究

目的:探讨颈动脉狭窄患者在行颈动脉支架置入术后认知功能的变化情况,并分析CT灌注成像(CTP)对手术疗效的评估价值。方法:选取2015年10月到2018年3月在济宁医学院附属日照市人民医院接受治疗的颈动脉狭窄患者80例,其中有症状性颈动脉狭窄患者49例作为有症状组,无症状性颈动脉狭窄患者31例作为无症状组。所有患者均接受颈动脉支架置入手术及CTP检查,采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)、简易智能精神状况量表(MMSE)、搭火柴测验(Stick Test)综合评价颈动脉狭窄患者的术前、术后1周、术后3个月、术后6个月认知功能的变化情况,比较有症状组和无症状组患者的CTP相对灌注参数。结果:术后1周,颈动脉狭窄患者的MoCA总分、视空间/执行能力、注意力、延迟回忆以及MMSE总分、Stick Test总分较术前有所降低(P0.05);术后3个月、术后6个月,颈动脉狭窄患者的MoCA总分、视空间/执行能力、注意力、延迟回忆以及MMSE总分、Stick Test总分较术前有所升高(P0.05)。术前,有症状组的相对血流达峰时间、相对平均通过时间长于无症状组,相对脑血流量低于无症状组(P0.05);术后1周,无症状组的相对血流达峰时间较术前有所缩短,且短于有症状组(P0.05);术后1周,有症状组的相对血流达峰时间、相对平均通过时间较术前有所缩短,相对脑血流量较术前有所升高(P0.05);两组术前、术后1周相对脑血容量比较均无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:颈动脉支架置入术后患者会出现暂时的、可逆的认知功能恶化,但最终认知功能会得到明显的改善。CTP可发现异常的脑灌注情况,同时能够较好地评价颈动脉支架置入术治疗颈动脉狭窄患者的疗效。