组织多普勒成像对射血分数正常的心衰患者左心功能评价

目的:探讨组织多普勒成像(TDI)技术评价射血分数正常的心衰患者左室长轴功能特点。方法:选取30名健康人(Ⅰ组)、EF>50%的心衰患者30名(Ⅱ组)和EF<50%的心衰患者30名(Ⅲ组)作为研究对象,采用TDI在二尖瓣环室间隔(ivs)、侧壁(l)、前壁(a)、后壁(p)、下壁(d)测量其Sm、DSm、IVCTm、TSm、Em、Am、IVRTm、TEm等指标。结果:Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组DSm、Sm逐渐减低,(P<0.05);而IVCTm、TSm逐渐升高(P<0.05);IVRTm、TEm在Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅱ组逐渐升高(P<0.05);DSm及TEm在诊断EF>50%心衰患者心功能的指标中ROC曲线下面积最大,同样DSp及TEp在五个位点中ROC曲线下面积最大。结论:射血分数正常的心衰患者存在收缩减低;DSm及TEm是诊断EF>50%心衰患者心功能比较有效的指标;后壁是诊断的最佳位点。     

Cognitive Function in Ambulatory Patients with Systolic Heart Failure: Insights from the Warfarin versus Aspirin in Reduced Cardiac Ejection Fraction (WARCEF) Trial

We sought to determine whether cognitive function in stable outpatients with heart failure (HF) is affected by HF severity. A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from 2, 043 outpatients with systolic HF and without prior stroke enrolled in the Warfarin versus Aspirin in Reduced Cardiac Ejection Fraction (WARCEF) Trial. Multivariable regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between cognitive function measured using the Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE) and markers of HF severity (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF], New York Heart Association [NYHA] functional class, and 6-minute walk distance). The mean (SD) for the MMSE was 28.6 (2.0), with 64 (3.1%) of the 2,043 patients meeting the cut-off of MMSE <24 that indicates need for further evaluation of cognitive impairment. After adjustment for demographic and clinical covariates, 6-minute walk distance (β-coefficient 0.002, p<0.0001), but not LVEF or NYHA functional class, was independently associated with the MMSE as a continuous measure. Age, education, smoking status, body mass index, and hemoglobin level were also independently associated with the MMSE. In conclusion, six-minute walk distance, but not LVEF or NYHA functional class, was an important predictor of cognitive function in ambulatory patients with systolic heart failure.     

rhBNP治疗射血分数保留急性心力衰竭的临床研究

目的:探讨重组人脑利钠肽(rh BNP)对急性射血分数保留心力衰竭的临床治疗作用。方法:选择2008年6月至2014年6月间我院收治的20例急性射血分数保留心力衰竭患者为研究对象,其中10例予以硝普钠静脉注射48小时,10例予以rh BNP静脉注射48小时。48小时后,评估和比较两组患者心力衰竭的临床改善情况;72小时后,复查和比较两组患者血浆NT-pro BNP的下降值。结果:硝普钠组患者呼吸困难缓解积分(1.4±1.35)明显低于rh BNP组(3.5±0.71),rh BNP组呼吸困难缓解时间(3.68±1.69 h)显著短于硝普钠组(21.50±18.43 h),血浆NT-pro BNP浓度下降值(864.60±585.92 pg/ml)明显高于硝普钠组(423.30±284.06 pg/ml)。结论:rh BNP治疗急性射血分数保留心力衰竭的临床疗效优于硝普钠。     

Gated F-18 FDG PET for Assessment of Left Ventricular Volumes and Ejection Fraction Using QGS and 4D-MSPECT in Patients with Heart Failure: A Comparison with Cardiac MRI

Purpose

Ventricular function is a powerful predictor of survival in patients with heart failure (HF). However, studies characterizing gated F-18 FDG PET for the assessment of the cardiac function are rare. The aim of this study was to prospectively compare gated F-18 FDG PET and cardiac MRI for the assessment of ventricular volume and ejection fraction (EF) in patients with HF.

Methods

Eighty-nine patients with diagnosed HF who underwent both gated F-18 FDG PET/CT and cardiac MRI within 3 days were included in the analysis. Left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), and EF were obtained from gated F-18 FDG PET/CT using the Quantitative Gated SPECT (QGS) and 4D-MSPECT software.

Results

LV EDV and LV ESV measured by QGS were significantly lower than those measured by cardiac MRI (both P<0.0001). In contrast, the corresponding values for LV EDV for 4D-MSPECT were comparable, and LV ESV was underestimated with borderline significance compared with cardiac MRI (P = 0.047). LV EF measured by QGS and cardiac MRI showed no significant differences, whereas the corresponding values for 4D-MSPECT were lower than for cardiac MRI (P<0.0001). The correlations of LV EDV, LV ESV, and LV EF between gated F-18 FDG PET/CT and cardiac MRI were excellent for both QGS (r = 0.92, 0.92, and 0.76, respectively) and 4D-MSPECT (r = 0.93, 0.94, and 0.75, respectively). However, Bland-Altman analysis revealed a significant systemic error, where LV EDV (−27.9±37.0 mL) and ESV (−18.6±33.8 mL) were underestimated by QGS.

Conclusion

Despite the observation that gated F-18 FDG PET/CT were well correlated with cardiac MRI for assessing LV function, variation was observed between the two imaging modalities, and so these imaging techniques should not be used interchangeably.     

Autonomic Predictors of Hospitalization Due to Heart Failure Decompensation in Patients with Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction

Introduction

Autonomic nervous system balance can be significantly deteriorated during heart failure exacerbation. However, it is still unknown whether these changes are only the consequence of heart failure decompensation or can also predict development thereof. Objectives were to verify if simple, non-invasive autonomic parameters, such as baroreflex sensitivity and short-term heart rate variability can provide independent of other well-known clinical parameters information on the risk of heart failure decompensation in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction.

Methods

In 142 stable patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 40%, baroreflex sensitivity and short-term heart rate variability, as well as other well-known clinical parameters, were analyzed. During 23 ± 9 months of follow-up 19 patients were hospitalized due to the heart failure decompensation (EVENT).

Results

Pre-specified cut-off values of baroreflex sensitivity (≤2.4 ms/mmHg) and low frequency power index of heart rate variability (≤19 ms²) were significantly associated with the EVENTs (hazard ratio 4.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35–14.54 and 5.41, 95% CI 1.87–15.65 respectively). EVENTs were also associated with other parameters, such as left ventricular ejection fraction, NYHA class, diuretic use, renal function, brain natriuretic peptide and hemoglobin level, left atrial size, left and right ventricular heart failure signs. After adjusting baroreflex sensitivity and low frequency power index for each of the abovementioned parameters, autonomic parameters were still significant predictors of hospitalization due to the heart failure decompensation.

Conclusion

Simple, noninvasive autonomic indices can be helpful in identifying individuals with increased risk of hospitalization due to the heart failure decompensation among clinically stable patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction, even when adjusted for other well-known clinical parameters.     

Left Atrial Structure and Function in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: A RELAX Substudy

Given the emerging recognition of left atrial structure and function as an important marker of disease in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HF-pEF), we investigated the association between left atrial volume and function with markers of disease severity and cardiac structure in HF-pEF. We studied 100 patients enrolled in the PhosphdiesteRasE-5 Inhibition to Improve CLinical Status and EXercise Capacity in Diastolic Heart Failure (RELAX) trial who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and blood collection before randomization. Maximal left atrial volume index (LAVi; N = 100), left atrial emptying fraction (LAEF; N = 99; including passive and active components (LAEF_P, LAEF_A; N = 80, 79, respectively) were quantified by CMR. After adjustment for multiple testing, maximal LAVi was only associated with age (ρ = 0.39), transmitral filling patterns (medial E/e’ ρ = 0.43), and N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP; ρ = 0.65; all p<0.05). Lower LAEF was associated with older age, higher transmitral E/A ratio and higher NT-proBNP. Peak VO₂ and V_E/VCO₂ slope were not associated with left atrial structure or function. After adjustment for age, sex, transmitral E/A ratio, CMR LV mass, LV ejection fraction, and creatinine clearance, NT-proBNP remained associated with maximal LAVi (β = 0.028, p = 0.0007) and total LAEF (β = -0.033, p = 0.001). Passive and active LAEF were most strongly associated with age and NT-proBNP, but not gas exchange or other markers of ventricular structure or filling properties. Left atrial volume and emptying function are associated most strongly with NT-proBNP and diastolic filling properties, but not significantly with gas exchange, in HFpEF. Further research to explore the relevance of left atrial structure and function in HF-pEF is warranted.     

A Systematic Review Concerning the Relation between the Sympathetic Nervous System and Heart Failure with Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction

BackgroundHeart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFPEF) affects about half of all patients diagnosed with heart failure. The pathophysiological aspect of this complex disease state has been extensively explored, yet it is still not fully understood. Since the sympathetic nervous system is related to the development of systolic HF, we hypothesized that an increased sympathetic nerve activation (SNA) is also related to the development of HFPEF. This review summarizes the available literature regarding the relation between HFPEF and SNA.ConclusionCurrent literature confirms a relation between increased SNA and HFPEF. However, current literature is not able to distinguish whether enhanced SNA results in HFPEF, or HFPEF results in enhanced SNA. The most likely setting is a vicious circle in which HFPEF and SNA sustain each other.     

Circulating microRNAs and Outcome in Patients with Acute Heart Failure

Background

The biomarker value of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) has been extensively addressed in patients with acute coronary syndrome. However, prognostic performances of miRNAs in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) has received less attention.

Methods

A test cohort of 294 patients with acute dyspnea (236 AHF and 58 non-AHF) and 44 patients with stable chronic heart failure (CHF), and an independent validation cohort of 711 AHF patients, were used. Admission levels of miR-1/-21/-23/-126/-423-5p were assessed in plasma samples.

Results

In the test cohort, admission levels of miR-1 were lower in AHF and stable CHF patients compared to non-AHF patients (p = 0.0016). Levels of miR-126 and miR-423-5p were lower in AHF and in non-AHF patients compared to stable CHF patients (both p<0.001). Interestingly, admission levels of miR-423-5p were lower in patients who were re-admitted to the hospital in the year following the index hospitalization compared to patients who were not (p = 0.0001). Adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] for one-year readmission was 0.70 [0.53–0.93] for miR-423-5p (p = 0.01). In the validation cohort, admission levels of miR-423-5p predicted 1-year mortality with an adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] of 0.54 [0.36–0.82], p = 0.004. Patients within the lowest quartile of miR-423-5p were at high risk of long-term mortality (p = 0.02).

Conclusions

In AHF patients, low circulating levels of miR-423-5p at presentation are associated with a poor long-term outcome. This study supports the value of miR-423-5p as a prognostic biomarker of AHF.     

Growth Hormone Therapy in Congestive Heart Failure Due to Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction: a Meta-Analysis

ObjectiveTo examine the efficacy and safety of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy in congestive heart failure (CHF) by conducting a meta-analysis of clinical studies.MethodsWe searched 3 literature databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Register) for clinical studies of rhGH therapy in CHF due to systolic dysfunction and conducted a meta-analysis.ResultsTherapy with rhGH appears to have beneficial clinical effects (weighted mean difference [95% confidence interval]) in CHF including improved exercise duration (1.9 min [1.1-2.7]), maximum oxygen consumption (2.1 mL·kg^–1·min^–1 [1.2-3.0]), and New York Heart Association class (–0.9 [–1.5 to –0.3]). There were salutary hemodynamic effects of rhGH therapy, including increased cardiac output (0.4 L·min^–1 [0.1-0.6]) and decreased systemic vascular resistance (–177 dyn·s·cm^–5 [–279 to –74]). Among rhGH–treated patients, left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction improved (4.3% [2.2-6.4]). Despite increases in LV mass and wall thickness, there were no adverse effects on diastolic function. Subgroup analyses suggest that study design and treatment duration may influence some of the treatment effects. Most of the beneficial effects were driven by either uncontrolled or longer duration studies. Administration of rhGH therapy slightly increased the risk for ventricular arrhythmia; however, this finding was driven by a single small study.ConclusionrhGH therapy may have beneficial cardiovascular effects in CHF caused by LV systolic dysfunction. The possibility of proarrhythmia associated with rhGH therapy requires further study. Larger randomized trials with longer treatment duration are needed to fully elucidate the efficacy and safety of rhGH therapy in this patient population. (Endocr Pract. 2008;14:40-49)     

血清NT-proBNP、sAXL联合MT对左室射血分数保留的心力衰竭患者预后不良的预测价值

摘要 目的：探讨血清N末端前体B型利钠肽（NT-proBNP）、可溶性AXL（sAXL）联合褪黑素（MT）对左室射血分数保留的心力衰竭（HFpEF）患者预后不良的预测价值。方法：选取2018年1月～2020年12月首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院心血管中心收治的100例HFpEF患者为HFpEF组,根据预后情况分为预后不良组和预后良好组,另选取同期54名体检健康志愿者为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清NT-proBNP、sAXL、MT水平。采用多因素Logistic回归分析HFpEF患者预后不良的因素,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清NT-proBNP、sAXL、MT水平对HFpEF患者预后不良的预测价值。结果：HFpEF组血清NT-proBNP、sAXL水平高于对照组,MT水平低于对照组（P＜0.05）。随访6个月,100例HFpEF患者预后不良发生率为31.00%（31/100）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,纽约心脏学会（NYHA）心功能分级≥Ⅲ级、NT-proBNP、sAXL升高为HFpEF患者预后不良的独立危险因素,MT升高为独立保护因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,血清NT-proBNP、sAXL联合MT预测HFpEF患者预后不良的曲线下面积大于NT-proBNP、sAXL、MT单独预测。结论：血清NT-proBNP、sAXL水平升高和MT降低与HFpEF患者预后不良有关,可能成为预测HFpEF患者预后不良的辅助指标,血清NT-proBNP、sAXL联合MT预测HFpEF患者预后不良的价值较高。     

男性内源性性激素水平与冠心病范围及左心室射血分数的相关性

摘要 目的：探究男性内源性性激素水平与冠心病范围及左心室射血分数（LVEF）的相关性。方法：将2018年6月至2020年6月于我院接受治疗的96例经冠状动脉造影术（CAG）确诊为冠心病的96例患者纳入研究,按照临床分型将其区分为稳定型心绞痛（SAP,30例）、不稳定型心绞痛（UAP,30例）、急性心肌梗死（AMI,36例）,另选同期CAG检测结果提示冠状动脉管腔直径狭窄率<50 %的50例个体为对照组,检测入组对象的睾酮（Ts）、雌二醇（E₂）水平,评估计算入组对象的Gensini积分以及LVEF,对比不同组别之间Ts、E₂、Gensini积分以及LVEF差异,Spearman相关分析探究Ts、E₂与Gensini积分、LVEF的相关性,最后将患者按照Genisini评分区分为狭窄轻型组与严重组,Logistic回归分析影响冠脉狭窄的危险因素。结果：（1）比较显示,冠心病各组间Ts、E₂、Gensini积分以及LVEF差异明显,以AMI组患者Ts、E₂和LVEF水平最低,Gensini积分最高（P<0.05）;（2）Spearman相关性分析显示,Ts、E₂均与Gensini积分呈负相关,与LVEF呈正相关（P<0.05）;（3）多因素Logistic回归分析显示Ts、E₂水平是影响冠脉狭窄程度的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：男性内源性性激素水平同其冠心病范围和LVEF呈现密切相关性,是影响冠脉狭窄程度的独立危险因素,可以考虑将其应用于临床冠脉狭窄的诊断与鉴别中。     

Relationship of Exercise Capacity and Left Ventricular Dimensions in Patients with a Normal Ejection Fraction. An Exploratory Study

Objectives

Extreme endurance exercise is known to be associated with an enlargement of the left ventricular (LV) chamber, whereas inactivity results in inverse changes. It is unknown if these dimensional relationships exist in patients.

Methods

We analyzed the relationship of exercise capacity and LV dimension in a cohort of sequential patients with a normal ejection fraction undergoing stress echocardiography. In a total of 137 studies the following questions were addressed: (a) is there a difference in LV dimensions of patients with an excellent exercise capacity versus patients with a poor exercise capacity, (b) how is LV dimension and exercise capacity affected by LV wall thickness and (c) how do LV dimensions of patients who are unable to walk on a treadmill compare to the above groups.

Results

Patients with a poor exercise capacity or who are unable to physically exercise have a 34 percent smaller LV cavity size when compared to patients with an excellent exercise capacity (p<0.001). This reduction in LV chamber size is associated with concentric LV hypertrophy and a reciprocal increase in resting heart rate. In addition, cardiac output reserve is further blunted by chronotropic incompetence and a tachycardia-induced LV volume reduction. In conclusion the relationship of exercise capacity and cardiac dimensions described in extreme athletes also applies to patients. Our exploratory analysis suggests that patients who cannot sufficiently exercise have small LV cavities.     

超声心动图评价左室舒张性心力衰竭患者左心形态及舒张功能的应用价值

目的:研究超声心动图对左室舒张性心力衰竭(LVDHF)患者左心形态及舒张功能的评估价值。方法:选择2014年3月至2016年3月我院收治的LVDHF患者78例记为观察组,另选择同期健康志愿者80例记为对照组,两组受试者均进行血压、心率检查,并利用超声心动图技术检测两组受试者的心脏相关指标。结果:观察组的舒张压(DBP)、收缩压(SBP)、心率(HR)、左房内径(LAD)、室间隔厚度(IVST)、左室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、综合指标(E/Ea)及反向血流速度(Ar)水平均明显高于对照组,而早、晚期的运动速度比(Ea/Aa)、血流传播速度(Vp)及峰速比(S/D)水平明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:超声心动图能准确地反应LVDHF患者的左心形态以及舒张功能,可在临床进行推广。     

Effect of Acute Hyperglycemia on Left Ventricular Contractile Function in Diabetic Patients with and without Heart Failure: Two Randomized Cross-Over Studies

Background

It is unknown whether changes in circulating glucose levels due to short-term insulin discontinuation affect left ventricular contractile function in type 2 diabetic patients with (T2D-HF) and without (T2D-nonHF) heart failure.

Materials and Methods

In two randomized cross-over-designed trials, 18 insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients with (Ejection Fraction (EF) 36±6%, n = 10) (trial 2) and without systolic heart failure (EF 60±3%, n = 8) (trial 1) were subjected to hyper- and normoglycemia for 9–12 hours on two different occasions. Advanced echocardiography, bicycle exercise tests and 6-minute hall walk distance were applied.

Results

Plasma glucose levels differed between study arms (6.5±0.8 mM vs 14.1±2.6 mM (T2D-HF), 5.8±0.4 mM vs 9.9±2.1 mM (T2D-nonHF), p<0.001). Hyperglycemia was associated with an increase in several parameters: maximal global systolic tissue velocity (Vmax) (p<0.001), maximal mitral annulus velocity (S''max) (p<0.001), strain rate (p = 0.02) and strain (p = 0.05). Indices of increased myocardial systolic contractile function were significant in both T2D-HF (Vmax: 14%, p = 0.02; S''max: 10%, p = 0.04), T2D-nonHF (Vmax: 12%, p<0.01; S''max: 9%, p<0.001) and in post exercise S''max (7%, p = 0.049) during hyperglycemia as opposed to normoglycemia. LVEF did not differ between normo- and hyperglycemia (p = 0.17), and neither did peak exercise capacity nor catecholamine levels. Type 2 diabetic heart failure patients'' 6-minute hall walk distance improved by 7% (p = 0.02) during hyperglycemia as compared with normoglycemia.

Conclusions

Short-term hyperglycemia by insulin discontinuation is associated with an increase in myocardial systolic contractile function in type 2 diabetic patients with and without heart failure and with a slightly prolonged walking distance in type 2 diabetic heart failure patients. (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT00653510","term_id":"NCT00653510"}}NCT00653510)     

Plasma Amino Acid Profiling Identifies Specific Amino Acid Associations with Cardiovascular Function in Patients with Systolic Heart Failure

BackgroundThe heart has close interactions with other organs’ functions and concomitant systemic factors such as oxidative stress, nitric oxide (NO), inflammation, and nutrition in systolic heart failure (HF). Recently, plasma amino acid (AA) profiling as a systemic metabolic indicator has attracted considerable attention in predicting the future risk of human cardiometabolic diseases, but it has been scarcely studied in HF.MethodsThirty-eight stable but greater than New York Heart Association class II symptomatic patients with left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction <45% and 33 asymptomatic individuals with normal B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) value were registered as the HF and control groups, respectively. We analyzed fasting plasma concentrations of 41 AAs using high-performance liquid chromatography, serum NO metabolite concentration, hydroperoxide and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein measurements, echocardiography, and flow-mediated dilatation.ResultsWe found that 17 AAs and two ratios significantly changed in the HF group compared with those in the control group (p < 0.05). In the HF group, subsequent univariate and stepwise multivariate analyses with clinical variables revealed that Fischer ratio and five specific AAs, ie, monoethanolamine, methionine, tyrosine, 1-methylhistidine, and histidine have significant correlation with BNP, LV ejection fraction, LV end-diastolic volume index, inferior vena cava diameter, the ratio of early diastolic velocity of the mitral inflow to mitral annulus, and BNP, respectively (p < 0.05). Interestingly, further exploratory factor analysis categorized these AAs into hepatic-related (monoethanolamine, tyrosine, and Fischer ratio) and skeletal muscle-related (histidine, methionine, and 1-methylhistidine) components. Some categorized AAs showed unique correlations with concomitant factors: monoethanolamine, tyrosine, and Fischer ratio with serum NO concentration; histidine with serum albumin; and 1-methylhistidine with flow-mediated dilatation (p < 0.05).ConclusionsPlasma AA profiling identified correlations of specific AAs with cardiac function and concomitant factors, highlighting the cardio-hepatic-skeletal muscle axis in patients with systolic HF.     

衰弱对老年射血分数保留的心力衰竭患者左室舒张功能、认知功能和跌倒风险的影响

摘要 目的：观察衰弱对老年射血分数保留的心力衰竭（HFpEF）患者左室舒张功能、认知功能和跌倒风险的影响。方法：选择2021年1月至 2022年11月期间西安交通大学第一附属医院收治的176例老年HFpEF患者。根据衰弱情况将患者分为非衰弱组（n=92）、衰弱前期组（n=48）、衰弱组（n=36）。对比三组左室舒张功能[左心室射血分数（LVEF）、二尖瓣Ｅ峰血流速度（E）/二尖瓣Ａ峰血流速度（A）、左室收缩末期内径（LVESD）、E/二尖瓣环间隔侧和侧壁侧平均组织多普勒速度（e''）、左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）]、认知功能[简易智能精神状态检查量表（MMSE）、蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）]、跌倒风险[汉化的预防老年人意外、死亡、伤害工具（STEADI）评分]以及心脏不良事件总发生率。结果：三组LVEF、LVEDD、LVESD、E/A组间对比未见统计学差异（P>0.05）。衰弱组、衰弱前期组的E/e''高于非衰弱组,且衰弱组高于衰弱前期组（P<0.05）。衰弱组、衰弱前期组的MMSE、MoCA评分低于非衰弱组,且衰弱组低于衰弱前期组（P<0.05）。衰弱组、衰弱前期组的跌倒风险评分高于非衰弱组,且衰弱组高于衰弱前期组（P<0.05）。衰弱组、衰弱前期组的心脏不良事件总发生率高于非衰弱组,且衰弱组高于衰弱前期组（P<0.05）。结论：衰弱可在一定程度上影响老年HFpEF患者左室舒张功能,降低患者的认知功能,增加跌倒风险和心脏不良事件总发生率。     

无创正压通气序贯治疗急性左心衰合并呼吸衰竭患者的时机选择

目的:探讨无创正压通气序贯治疗急性左心衰合并呼吸衰竭患者的时机选择。方法:选择2013年6月-2015年8月我院收治的120例先行气管插管有创通气治疗的急性左心衰合并呼吸衰竭患者作为研究对象,病情得到控制后,按照拔管时间的长短分为A、B、C 3组,各40例,其中A组在进行自主呼吸30 min后拔管,B组在进行自主呼吸2 h后拔管,C组在进行自主呼吸24 h后拔管,拔管后全部患者均进行无创正压通气序贯治疗,比较3组患者治疗后血气分析结果、呼吸机相关肺炎发生率及脱机成功率。结果:13组患者无创正压通气治疗后的呼吸频率、心率、氧合指数、氧分压、二氧化碳分压及ph值均无明显差异(t1=1.402,t2=1.338,t1=0.738,t2=1.201,t1=0.969,t1=0.857,均P0.05);2A组患者的脱机成功率为7.50%,显著低于B组的77.50%与C组的82.50%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);A组患者的再插管率为92.50%,显著高于B组的22.50%与C组的17.50%,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);A组患者的呼吸机相关肺炎发生率为45.00%,显著高于B组的12.50%与C组的10.00%,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:急性左心衰合并呼吸衰竭患者在自主呼吸超过2 h后拔管,进行无创正压通气序贯治疗,可明显提高脱机成功率,降低再插管率和呼吸机相关肺炎发生率,值得临床推广。     

心脏超声影像用于评估重症急性左心收缩功能不全患者生存状况的临床应用价值

目的:探讨心脏超声影像用于评估重症急性左心收缩功能不全患者生存状况的应用价值。方法:选取2015年10月至2016年10月我院ICU收治的153例急性左心收缩功能不全患者作为研究对象,根据其心脏超声的不同表现分为全心弥漫抑制、左心弥漫抑制、冠状动脉相关节段抑制、非冠状动脉相关节段抑制,记录和比较患者1个月的病死率。结果:153例重症急性左心收缩功能不全患者,心脏超声表现为全心弥漫抑制者45例,左心弥漫抑制者35例,冠状动脉相关节段抑制者36例,非冠状动脉相关节段抑制者37例。全心弥漫抑制者1个月病死率为33.3%,左心弥漫抑制者1个月病死率为14.3%,冠状动脉相关节段抑制者1个月病死率为13.9%,非冠状动脉相关节段抑制者1个月病死率为8.1%,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。合并基础左室舒张功能不全者病死率为62.5%,高于未合并基础左室舒张功能不全者(13.5%,P0.05)。结论:心脏超声影像可用于评估重症急性左心收缩功能不全患者的生存状况。