膜去极化和cAMP在胰岛细胞株HIT中活化CBPC端片段

在胰岛细胞株 Ｈ Ｉ Ｔ 细胞中,用瞬时转染法观察高 Ｋ＋ 导致的膜去极化与ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ对 Ｃ Ｂ Ｐ Ｃ端片段转录活性的影响．发现二者均可诱导 Ｃ Ｂ Ｐ Ｃ端片段的转录活性增强,并有协同效应; Ｃ Ｂ Ｐ Ｃ端片段的突变体（ Ｓｅｒ １ ７７２ 突变为 Ａｌａ）表现相同的诱导特性,但其基本转录活性降低．说明膜去极化和 ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ对 Ｃ Ｂ Ｐ Ｃ 端片段转录活性的诱导作用与 Ｐ Ｋ Ａ 磷酸化位点 Ｓｅｒ １ ７７２ 无关,而该位点的磷酸化对调节 Ｃ Ｂ Ｐ Ｃ 端片段的基本转录活性起重要作用．蛋白激酶 Ｃ 通路对 Ｃ Ｂ Ｐ Ｔｉ的转录活性无影响．     

低聚磷酸盐促进cAMP发酵合成的全局转录组分析

目的：以节杆菌Arthrobacter sp. CCTCC 2013431为研究对象,探究低聚磷酸盐作为能量供体促进环磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cAMP)发酵合成的作用机理。方法：在7 L发酵罐中添加低聚磷酸盐,对发酵性能、转录组学、关键酶活性以及重要代谢物水平进行分析,揭示低聚磷酸盐促进cAMP发酵合成的机理。结果：发酵24 h添加2 g/L六偏磷酸钠,cAMP产量显著提高,达到3.64 g/L,与对照组相比提高了33.82%。转录组数据分析表明,由于六偏磷酸钠的添加,227个基因表达量显著上调,265个基因表达量显著下调;磷酸戊糖途径和cAMP合成途径中多数酶编码基因的转录水平,电子传递链中复合体Ⅲ、复合体IV和F₀F₁-ATP酶以及聚磷酸盐激酶编码基因的转录水平,硫氧还蛋白、过氧化氢酶及CLP蛋白酶等编码基因的转录水平均显著提高。此外,对丙酮酸激酶、6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶、腺苷琥珀酸合成酶、腺苷酸环化酶、过氧化氢酶、聚磷酸盐激酶活性以及胞内活性氧、ATP和NADPH等进行测定,进一步证明了转...     

cAMP参与烟草悬浮细胞的ABA信号转导

ABA诱导型启动子 (rd2 9A)重组到报告基因 (GUS)的上游构建表达载体。通过农杆菌介导转化烟草 ,获得转基因植株。将转基因植株诱导愈伤组织 ,建立稳定、均一的转rd2 9A_GUS融合基因的悬浮培养细胞系。用ABA处理悬浮细胞 2 4h后GUS活性显著升高 ,说明外源ABA能够诱导rd2 9A启动子的表达 ,获得了用于ABA信号转导研究的实用细胞系。在ABA激活表达的细胞介质中加入尼克酰胺 (cADPR合成酶的抑制剂 )或U73 12 2 (PLC抑制剂 )只能部分抑制ABA的效应 ,但如果加入蛋白激酶抑制剂K2 5 2a ,抑制效果达 95 %以上。用可跨膜的cAMP的类似物8_Br_cAMP处理细胞发现 ,它能代替ABA的作用 ;当介质中加入 1mmol/LIBMX(磷酸二酯酶的抑制剂 )增加cAMP的稳定性 ,发现低浓度的 8_Br_cAMP与ABA相同的效应。以上结果表明cAMP参与了烟草悬浮细胞中ABA信号的传递。     

环腺苷一磷酸对人Ⅰ型17β羟类固醇脱氢酶在绒癌细胞系中表达的调节作用

由Ｈ ＳＤ１７Ｂ１基因编码的人Ⅰ型１７β－羟类固醇脱氢酶（１７β－ｈｙｄｒｏｘｙｓｔｅｒｏｉｄｄｅｈｙｄｒｏｇｅｎａｓｅｔｙｐｅ１简称Ⅰ型１７ＨＳＤ）催化雌酮与雌二醇之间的转化。本文研究环腺苷一磷酸简化（ｃＡＭＰ）对该酶在培养的绒癌胞系（ＪＡＲ和ＪＥＧ－３）中表达的调节作用。用８－ｂｒｏｍｏ－ｃＡＭＰ处理两种绒癌细胞后,观察到在伴随１．３ｋｂⅠ型１７ＨＳＤｍＲＮＡ表达的同时,Ｉ型１７ＨＳＤ蛋白浓度     

利用转录调控因子Bas1p和Bas2p协同作用提高酿酒酵母cAMP产量的研究

【目的】研究转录调控因子Bas1p和Bas2p协同作用对重组酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)胞外c AMP产生的影响,初步优化发酵培养基。【方法】通过共整合表达策略,在c AMP产生菌酿酒酵母G5中超表达Bas1p和Bas2p,摇瓶发酵实验考察了Bas1p和Bas2p协同作用对菌株生长及胞外c AMP产生的影响,进一步考察了酵母粉和蛋白胨含量及前体物腺嘌呤对菌株生长和c AMP产生的影响。【结果】超表达Bas1p和Bas2p使菌株在1×YP培养基中发酵120 h时的c AMP产量较出发菌株提高51.4%,达到2 253.8μmol/L;将1×YP中的酵母粉和蛋白胨含量翻倍(即2×YP培养基)发酵120 h时的c AMP产量提高至4 450.4μmol/L;在2×YP培养基中添加0.5 g/L浓度的腺嘌呤时,c AMP产量进一步提高至5 314.3μmol/L。【结论】强化Bas1p和Bas2p的协同作用及相应地优化培养基组分有助于酿酒酵母胞外c AMP生产。     

氨甲酰胆碱(Carbamylcholine)对大鼠缺血心室致颤阈值的影响及其与cAMP、cGMP的关系

本实验以心室颤动阈(VFT)作为心室易颤性的指标,观察胆碱类物质氨甲酰胆碱对大鼠缺血心室 VFT 的影响及其与心肌 cAMP 和 cGMP 水平的关系。实验结果表明,氨甲酰胆碱可提高正常心脏和急性局部缺血心脏的 VFT,提高缺血和未缺血心肌的 cGMP 水平,但明显降低缺血心肌 cAMP 水平,使缺血和未缺血心肌的 cAMP/cGMP 比值显著降低,其作用与肾上腺素正好相反。实验结果还表明,急性局部缺血心脏的 VFT 与缺血心肌 cAMP/cGMP 比值之间有密切的负相关关系,相关系数 r=-0.905(n=22,P<0.001)。上述结果提示缺血心肌 cAMP/cGMP 比值的提高可能是急性心肌梗塞早期发生心室纤维性颤动的重要因素。     

不同缺氧时间大鼠脑组织中腺苷和血管活性肠肽含量的变化

本实验采用大鼠40只,雌雄各半,随机分为海平对照、缺氧即刻、缺氧20min和缺氧60min 4组。缺氧在低压舱中进行,模拟海拔高度为8000m。用放免和HPLC法分别测定了4组动物脑组织中腺苷、AMP和血管活性肠肽(VIP)含量的变化。结果表明,3个缺氧组腺苷水平明显高于海平对照组(66.98±4.52μg/g),以缺氧即刻组为最高(108.15±10.59μg/g,P<0.01)。脑组织中VIP含量,海平对照组为46.15±3.83pmol/g,缺氧即刻略有下降,以后逐渐上升,至缺氧60min时达67.75±3.11pmol/g,明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。推测二者与缺氧时脑血流增加有关。     

离子交换法提取大枣中环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)的工艺研究

环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)作为第二信使参与多种生理生化过程的调节,是人体内重要的生理活性物质。本文采用水浸提和6 000 Da超滤膜过滤方法对大枣进行预处理,从5种树脂中选型最合适的树脂,并对提取工艺进行确定。结果表明,大枣在小颗粒状(0.3 cm)捣碎状态下,60℃水浸提12 h,cAMP提取效果最好。通过考察SD5、SD8、D01、D05和D13五种型号离子交换树脂,发现D13型树脂提取大枣中cAMP效果最佳。选用的洗脱剂为0.05 mol/L HCl,流速为1.5 mL/min。得到产品产率为65.0%,其中cAMP含量37.5%。     

cAMP 参与烟草悬浮细胞的ABA信号转导

ABA诱导型启动子(rd29A)重组到报告基因(GUS)的上游构建表达载体.通过农杆菌介导转化烟草,获得转基因植株.将转基因植株诱导愈伤组织,建立稳定、均一的转rd29A-GUS融合基因的悬浮培养细胞系.用ABA处理悬浮细胞24 h后GUS活性显著升高,说明外源ABA能够诱导rd29A启动子的表达,获得了用于ABA信号转导研究的实用细胞系.在ABA激活表达的细胞介质中加入尼克酰胺(cADPR合成酶的抑制剂)或U73122(PLC抑制剂)只能部分抑制ABA的效应,但如果加入蛋白激酶抑制剂K252a,抑制效果达95%以上.用可跨膜的cAMP的类似物8-Br-cAMP处理细胞发现,它能代替ABA的作用;当介质中加入1 mmol/L IBMX(磷酸二酯酶的抑制剂)增加cAMP的稳定性,发现低浓度的8-Br-cAMP与ABA相同的效应.以上结果表明cAMP参与了烟草悬浮细胞中ABA信号的传递.     

舒芬太尼调节cAMP/PKA/CREB信号通路对卵巢癌细胞增殖、凋亡和侵袭的影响

该文旨在探究舒芬太尼(SFTN)调节环磷酸腺苷(c AMP)/蛋白激酶A(PKA)/环磷腺苷效应元件结合蛋白(CREB)信号通路对卵巢癌(OC)细胞增殖、凋亡和侵袭的影响。用浓度为2.5～160 ng/mL的舒芬太尼处理人OC细胞(SKOV-3), CCK-8法检测细胞活性,筛选最佳药物浓度。将SKOV-3细胞分为对照组(Control组),舒芬太尼低、中、高浓度组(SFTN-L组、SFTN-M组、SFTN-H组),舒芬太尼高浓度+PKA激活剂组(SFTN-H+8-溴-cAMP组),平板克隆法检测细胞增殖;流式细胞术检细胞凋亡;划痕实验检测细胞迁移; Transwell实验检测细胞侵袭; ELISA法检测环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)水平; Western blot法检测细胞核增殖抗原标记物(Ki67)、细胞周期蛋白D1(Cyclin D1)、半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)、B细胞淋巴瘤-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)、蛋白激酶A(PKA)、磷酸化蛋白激酶A(p-PKA)、环磷腺苷效应元件结合蛋白(CREB)、磷酸化环磷腺苷效应...     

Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Transcriptional Activation of δ-Opioid Receptor Gene Expression Induced by Membrane Depolarization in NG108-15 Cells

Abstract: Regulation of gene expression is one of the mechanisms by which neuronal activity elicits long-term changes in neuronal phenotype and function. Although activity-dependent induction of immediate-early genes has been extensively studied, much less is known about the late-response genes. We have investigated the activity-dependent regulation of δ-opioid receptor (DOR) mRNA levels in NG108-15 cells. Transsynaptic activation was mimicked by depolarization with 55 m M KCl or veratridine. Both treatments lead to a time-dependent increase of DOR mRNA levels. Ca²⁺ entry through L-type voltage-dependent Ca²⁺ channels activated by depolarization appears to be involved, because L-type channel blockers reduced the induction of DOR expression. Ca²⁺ binding to calmodulin is the next step in the signal transduction pathway, because a calmodulin antagonist, W7, reduced the effect of veratridine. A selective inhibitor of calmodulin kinases (KN-62) and cyclosporin, an inhibitor of calcineurin, also antagonized the depolarization-induced increase in DOR mRNA levels, which indicates that both calcium/calmodulin-dependent enzymes are involved in the activity-dependent induction of DOR gene expression. Induction of DOR gene expression by an activity-dependent increase in intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration may serve as a feedback regulatory mechanism because activation of DOR leads to hyperpolarization and lower excitability of neurons.     

Chronic Membrane Depolarization Regulates the Level of the Guanine Nucleotide Binding Protein Goα in Cultured Neuronal Cells

Chronic membrane depolarization results in an increase in muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) number in N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells. Because the mAChR interacts with the guanine nucleotide binding regulatory (G) proteins, Gi and Go, the effect of chronic membrane depolarization on the levels of subunits of these G proteins was examined. Quantitation of G protein subunit levels was performed using affinity-purified, monospecific antibodies in a quantitative immunoblot assay. Incubation with 50 microM veratridine (VTN), an activator of voltage-sensitive Na+ channels, induced a 48 +/- 15% increase in the level of the alpha subunit of Go. The effect of VTN was blocked by tetrodotoxin. On removal of VTN, the level of Go alpha decreased to control levels within 24 h. The levels of the alpha subunit of Gi and the common beta subunit were not affected by VTN treatment. These results show that in N1E-115 cells, the level of the alpha subunit of Go is regulated in a manner similar to the level of mAChR in response to chronic membrane depolarization.     

K+-Evoked Depolarization Stimulates Cyclic AMP Accumulation in Photoreceptor-Enriched Retinal Cell Cultures: Role of Calcium Influx Through Dihydropyridine-Sensitive Calcium Channels

The effect of membrane depolarization on cyclic AMP synthesis was studied in glia-free, low-density, monolayer cultures of chick retinal photoreceptors and neurons. In photoreceptor-enriched cultures prepared from embryonic day 6 retinas and cultured for 6 days, elevated K+ concentrations increased the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP and stimulated the conversion of [3H]adenine to [3H]cyclic AMP. The K(+)-evoked increase of cyclic AMP accumulation was blocked by omitting CaCl2 from the incubation medium, indicating a requirement for extracellular Ca2+. Stimulation of cyclic AMP accumulation was also inhibited by nifedipine, methoxyverapamil, Cd2+, Co2+, and Mg2+, and was enhanced by the dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel agonist Bay K 8644. The enhancement of K(+)-evoked cyclic AMP accumulation by Bay K 8644 was antagonized by nifedipine. Thus, Ca2+ influx through dihydropyridine-sensitive channel is required for depolarization-evoked stimulation of cyclic AMP accumulation in photoreceptor-enriched cultures.     

Changes of Plasma Membrane Properties in a Human Pre-T Cell Line Undergoing Apoptosis

A variety of cellular functions are modulated by the physical properties of the cell membrane, and the modification of intracellular transfer, resulting from loss of membrane integrity, may contribute toward setting the cell onto the pathway of apoptosis. Apoptosis in lymphoid cells can be induced in different ways and biochemical modifications occur at an early phase of cell death, while the morphological features of apoptosis are evident later. We previously reported that DMSO is an efficient apoptosis-inducing factor in the human RPMI-8402 pre-T cell line. The aim of the present study was to verify the effect of DMSO on the plasma membrane fluidity, the intracellular calcium concentration and the phosphodiesterase activity in DMSO-induced apoptosis. Our results show a modification of membrane fluidity associated with an increase of intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration. Moreover, we demonstrate that these modifications are related to a decrease in the phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity. The correlation between the proceedings of added DMSO and the induction of apoptosis will provide significant information regarding the first part of the apoptotic process.     

Mitochondrial Proliferation and Paradoxical Membrane Depolarization during Terminal Differentiation and Apoptosis in a Human Colon Carcinoma Cell Line

Herbimycin A, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, induces cellular differentiation and delayed apoptosis in Colo-205 cells, a poorly differentiated human colon carcinoma cell line. Cell cycle analysis in conjunction with end labeling of DNA fragments revealed that G₂ arrest preceded apoptotic cell death. Ultrastructural examination of herbimycin-treated cells demonstrated morphologic features of epithelial differentiation, including formation of a microvillar apical membrane and lateral desmosome adhesions. A marked accumulation of mitochondria was also observed. Fluorometric analysis using the mitochondrial probes nonyl-acridine orange and JC-1 confirmed a progressive increase in mitochondrial mass. However these cells also demonstrated a progressive decline in unit mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨ_m) as determined by the ΔΨ_m-sensitive fluorescent probes rhodamine 123 and JC-1 analyzed for red fluorescence. In concert with these mitochondrial changes, Colo-205 cells treated with herbimycin A produced increased levels of reactive oxygen species as evidenced by oxidation of both dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and dihydroethidium. Cell-free assays for apoptosis using rat-liver nuclei and extracts of Colo-205 cells at 24 h showed that apoptotic activity of Colo-205 lysates requires the early action of mitochondria. Morphological and functional mitochondrial changes were observed at early time points, preceding cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase.

These results suggest that apoptosis in differentiated Colo-205 cells involves unrestrained mitochondrial proliferation and progressive membrane dysfunction, a novel mechanism in apoptosis.