Mucopolysaccharide histochemistry of Musca domestica

Summary While studying the distribution of acid mucopolysaccharides (AMPS) in the prepupal larva of the housefly, Musca domestica nebulo (Fahr.) using routine histochemical methods, the authors found that except for the midgut cells, dorsal pharyngeal epithelium and the thick connective tissue of the brain, the ganglia and the imaginal discs, in all other cells studied, an AMP is present which is neither a sulfomucin, a sialomucin nor a hyaluronic acid. Its alcian blue (AB) staining is abolished by active methylation and is not restored by saponification; it is not abolished by mild acid hydrolysis; it stains -metachromatically with Azure A at pH 4.5 and lightly with Azure A at pH 1.5, with weak toluidine blue and with aluminium sulfate-methylene blue; it is unstained by aldehyde fuchsin (AF) and safranin O (Saf. O) in AB-AF, AF-AB and AB-Saf.O procedures; it is positive to colloidal iron but is negative to periodic acid Schiff reaction in all probability; and its AB staining is abolished by saponification (KOH treatment) without prior methylation. Pending further work to exactly characterize this AMP, it is tentatively referred to as KOH-labile AMP. The significance of its distribution is discussed.     

Mucopolysaccharide histochemistry of rat tooth germs

Summary The histochemical distribution and localization of acid mucopolysaccharides and glycoproteins have been studied in rat tooth germs and lower joints. After fixation, sections were stained with PAS, alcian blue-PAS, colloidal iron, colloidal iron-PAS, colloidal iron-Feulgen, azure A and safranin O. Prior to staining, sections were incubated in hyaluronidase, pepsin and papain. A 2 hour incubation in pepsin greatly enhanced AB or CI basophilia in the stellate reticulum and the enamel-dentinal junction. These findings demonstrated that some acidic radicals of the polysaccharides are partially blocked by basic proteins. Hyaluronidase did not completely destroy the alcian blue or colloidal iron positive material whereas azure A metachromasia was completely removed. These results indicated that AB and/or CI stained substrates different from those revealed by azure A.With 10 Figures in colourThis work was supported by Grant No. D-1325 of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.On leave of absence at the University of Rome Medical School, Viale Regina Elena 287-A, Rome, Italy.     

Mucopolysaccharide histochemistry of chiropteran glomerulus

The glomeruli of frugivorous and carnivorous species indicate presence of sialomucins and that of insectivorous species both sialomucins and sulphomucins. In semi-hibernating insectivorous species the glomerular basal border and bowman's capsule contain only neutral mucopolysaccharide and in others both neutral mucopolysaccharide and sialomucins. The significance of these renal mucopolysaccharide is indicated.     

Proline Metablism During Water Stress in Mulberry

The influence of water stress on proline metabolism was studiedin 3-month-old mulberry plants at four levels of water stress.Leaf water potential was drastically decreased in all treatments.Though leaf area and relative water content were decreased,drastic decrease was observed only in very severe stress treatments.Proline accumulation was observed both in roots and leaves instress treatments; but accumulation was greater in roots thanin leaves. The enzymes, proline dehydrogenase and proline oxidase,were inhibited under stress conditions. Proline oxidase wasmore inhibited in roots than in leaves. The significance ofthe relative activities of these two enzymes is discussed. Key words: Water stress, proline dehydrogenase, proline oxidase     

Mucopolysaccharide Which Regulates Growth in Neurospora

Neurospora produces a mucopolysaccharide (called MP) which inhibits its growth, causes vacuolation and agglutination of its cells, and precipitates its purified membrane protein. Cultures of a colonial strain display a phase of slow growth; the induction of this phase is traced to the production of MP by the mold. Stationary-phase cultures of wild type also produce MP. MP is a polymer of galactosamine, its amino groups only partially acetylated, probably containing other minor components. MP molecular weight is approximately 10(6). Complete acetylation abolishes the biological activities of MP. It is suggested that the regulatory effect of MP is mediated by its interaction with the protoplasmic membrane.     

Isolation of Lipoprotein-Acid Mucopolysaccharide Complexes from Fatty Streaks of Human Aorta

A method is presented for isolation of 1ipoprotein-acid mucopolysaccharide complexes from fatty streaks of human aorta. The complexes were extracted from fatty streaks with 0.15M NaCl and fractionated by gel filtration followed by ultracentrifugation at densities 1.006 and 1.065- The solvent density 1.065 was achieved by using D₂O instead of NaCl which decreased dissociation of the complexes. These studies demonstrated that low and very low density lipoproteins are directly involved in the complexing of lipoproteins with mucopolysaccharides in the matrix of aorta intima.     

元素衡算和代谢衡算在金色链霉菌培养过程的应用研究

应用元素衡算和代谢衡算方法,建立了金色链霉菌培养过程的数学模型。利用非线性优化方法对模型中的未知参数进行了估算,第一次得到了金霉素（CTC）生物合成的能量系数为1.8～2.8（molATP·C-mol^－1）。应用该模型对CTC发酵过程中的几个宏观反应进行了预测,并与实验值进行了比较。结果表明,该模型较好地描述了各个宏观反应速率之间的关系,为CTC发酵过程优化提供了理论指导。     

刺参酸性粘多糖对H22肝癌小鼠免疫功能的影响(英文)

目的:刺参酸性粘多糖作为一种天然生物活性物质,具有较强抗肿瘤作用。本研究观察刺参酸性粘多糖对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响,以探讨刺参酸性粘多糖的抗肿瘤作用机制。方法:皮下接种H22小鼠肝癌细胞,建立移植瘤小鼠模型。将50只荷瘤小鼠随机分为五组(阴性对照组、氟尿嘧啶组、SJAMP低剂量组、SJAMP中剂量组、SJAMP高剂量组),腹腔注射不同剂量刺参酸性粘多糖,每日一次,连续12天。眼球摘除取血后颈椎脱臼处死小鼠,计算抑瘤率和脏器指数,中性红法测定小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能,CCK-8法测定小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖能力,ELISA法测定小鼠血清TNF-α水平。结果:SJAMP能够明显抑制肿瘤生长(P0.05);与5-FU组相比,SJAMP干预组脾指数和胸腺指数明显升高(P0.05),腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力和脾脏淋巴细胞增殖功能显著提高(P0.05),TNF-α的血清含量显著减少(P0.05)。结论:刺参酸性粘多糖通过促进免疫器官生长,增强机体的免疫功能,抑制小鼠H22肝癌生长。这为SJAMP的抗肿瘤作用研究提供了试验依据和理论基础。