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  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
For diapause eggs of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, diapause initiation is prevented with hydrochloric acid (HCl) at around 20 h post-oviposition while diapause status is terminated with chilling around 5°C. To investigate whether hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and catalase expression are involved in diapause initiation and termination, the concentration of H(2)O(2), relatively higher levels of catalase mRNA and activity of catalase were compared between (1) 20-h-old diapause eggs and the HCl-treated diapause eggs, and (2) 10-day-old diapause eggs and the 5°C-chilled diapause eggs. Compared to diapause eggs, the HCl-treated eggs had significantly higher H(2)O(2) concentrations (up from approximately 1-3 μmol/g fresh mass to 5-8 μmol/g fresh mass), higher relative level of catalase mRNA (up from 0 to 35.2%) and higher catalase activity (up from 2.51 units/mg protein to 4.97 units/mg protein) at 96 h post-treatment. On the other hand, the 5°C chilling resulted in significant increases of H(2)O(2) concentration (up from 0.79 μmol/g fresh mass to 5.57 μmol/g fresh mass), relative level of catalase mRNA (up from 0 to 71.4%) and catalase activity (up from 0.88 units/mg protein to 3.42 units/mg protein) within 120 days. The results obtained in this work suggest that variations of H(2)O(2) and catalase expression in Bombyx eggs are involved in diapause initiation and termination.  相似文献   

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范兰芬  钟杨生  林健荣 《昆虫学报》2010,53(12):1325-1332
家蚕Bombyx mori由受精卵到完成胚胎发育孵化的过程中, 细胞进行大量的分裂和分化, 然而滞育性卵的胚胎细胞分化至G2期便停滞在此阶段。为了探索这一发育阶段细胞内的分子调控, 本研究以人Homo sapiens的细胞周期蛋白基因cyclin L1为模板, 成功克隆了家蚕同源基因BmCcnl1(GenBank登录号: FJ889988)。BmCcnl1基因开放阅读框(open reading frame, ORF)全长1 254 bp, 编码417个氨基酸。利用Protean软件分析得出BmCcnl1蛋白预测分子量为49 kDa, 等电点为9.84。利用DNA重组技术构建了BmCcnl1基因的重组表达载体pET-21d-BmCcnl1, 对其进行原核表达, 其表达的蛋白以包涵体形式存在。利用RT-PCR技术分析了BmCcnl1基因在胚胎发育过程中的转录水平, BmCcnl1基因在非滞育性卵的胚胎发育阶段基本保持相对稳定的转录表达, 而滞育性卵从蛾体产下经过72 h后已经检测不到BmCcnl1基因的转录。结果提示, BmCcnl1基因与胚胎期滞育及非滞育性卵的发育调控相关。对该基因的克隆和表达分析为今后研究家蚕胚胎发育及细胞周期调控奠定了基础。  相似文献   

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Insectsarethemostsuccessfulanimalgroupintermsofnumbersofspecies.Althoughmanyfactorsmustcontributetotheprofusionofinsectspecies,onekeyelementisprobablyadevelopmentalplanthatincorporatesmetamorphosisanddiapause.Diapauseisacomplexadaptativeresponsewhichi…  相似文献   

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Abstract.  An in vitro culture method is described in which embryonic development in Bombyx mori is traced at various temperatures and treatments. The results show that the induction, intensification and termination of diapause are distinct processes. Prediapause embryos, explanted from 40-h-old diapause-destined eggs and cultured in Grace's medium, continue to develop to the appendage-formation stage without arrest, which indicates that the isolated embryos have not entered diapause, whereas the development of embryos from diapausing eggs (15 days after being laid) is significantly slower. The rate of development of embryos dissected from diapause eggs increases during chilling (5 °C) and incubation (at 25 °C) gradually during chilling and dramatically at 25 °C. The in vitro experiments also reveal that sorbitol directly inhibits the development of embryos explanted from diapausing eggs but has no affect on the development of embryos from prediapause eggs. Neither alanine nor diapause hormone prevent isolated embryos from developing.  相似文献   

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Summary

Within the kidney-shaped egg laid by the homozygous female, the embryo develops only ectodermal organs, but no mesodermal organs. The early embryogenesis of this strain was examined with light and electron microscopy. Until the early germband stage no remarkable differences are distinguishable between the normal and the kidney-shaped eggs. Afterwards, in the kidney-shaped egg large amount of cytoplasmic masses and often several cells are extruded from the presumptive head region into the yolk at the ‘pyriform’ stage, resulting in inhibiting the formation of a normal wide head lobe and an invagination occurring in its central region, the first sign of the mesoderm differentiation. This phenomenon proceeds gradually toward the posterior part and thus the differentiation of mesoderm becomes impossible throughout the entire length of germband. The results are discussed in the context of the mesoderm differentiation in Bombyx.  相似文献   

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不同催青方式对二化性家蚕过氧化氢酶基因表达的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
25℃明催青和15℃暗催青分别诱导二化性家蚕Bombyx mori 产滞育性卵和非滞育性卵。此前我们的研究表明, 上述催青处理的二化性家蚕H2O2水平存在显著差异。过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)是昆虫清除H2O2的关键酶。为了进一步明确家蚕滞育过程中H2O2代谢的调控机制, 用RT-PCR测定了上述两种催青处理对二化性家蚕CAT基因表达的影响。结果表明:25℃明催青显著提高了滞育诱导和决定阶段的CAT mRNA 水平和CAT活性。滞育性卵的CAT mRNA水平在产后24 h形成峰值, 在72 h后消失; CAT活性在96 h前上升, 120 h后保持于低水平。非滞育性卵的CAT mRNA水平和CAT活性都随着胚胎发育而上升。可见, 25℃明催青诱导二化性家蚕子代滞育可能是通过影响CAT基因表达来调节H2O2水平。  相似文献   

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To explore whether glutathione regulates diapause determination and termina tion in the bivoltine silkworm Bombyx mori, we monitored the changes in glutathione redox cycle in the ovary of both diapanse and nondiapauseegg producers, as well as those in dia pause eggs incubated at different temperatures. The activity ofthioredoxin reductase (TrxR) was detected in ovaries but not in eggs, while neither ovaries nor eggs showed activity of glutathione peroxidase. A lower reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio was observed in the ovary of diapauseegg producers, due to weaker reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to the reduced glutathione (GSH) catalyzed by glutathione reductase (GR) and TrxR. This indicates an oxidative shift in the glutathione redox cy cle during diapause determination. Compared with the 25℃treated diapause eggs, the 5℃treated diapause eggs showed lower GSH/GSSG ratio, a result of stronger oxidation of GSH catalyzed by thioredoxin peroxidase and weaker reduction of GSSG catalyzed by GR. Our study demonstrated the important regulatory role of glutathione in diapause determination and termination of the bivoltine silkworm.  相似文献   

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When diapause and non‐diapause eggs of the same bivoltine strain of Bombyx mori were chilled at 5°C for more than 30 days, the hatchability of diapause eggs increased while that of non‐diapause eggs decreased, respectively. To investigate the relationship between effects of chilling on the hatchability and the metabolism of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), content of H2O2 and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), xanthine oxidase (XO), and catalase (CAT) between diapause and non‐diapause eggs were determined during the chilling at 5°C. The significant enhancement of H2O2 occurred prior to the quick increase of the hatchability in diapause eggs and coincided with the quick decline of the hatchability in non‐diapause eggs, respectively. Diapause eggs contained significantly higher H2O2 and XO activity and lower CAT activity compared to non‐diapause eggs. Our results showed that there were significant differences in the metabolism of H2O2 between diapause and non‐diapause eggs during chilling and that significant enhancement of H2O2 may be involved in the diapause termination of diapause eggs and the cell damage of non‐diapause eggs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

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In the present study, we investigated the tyrosine phosphorylation of Bombyx mori prothoracic glands using phosphotyrosine‐specific antibodies and Western blot analysis. Results showed that prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) stimulates a rapid increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of at least 2 proteins in prothoracic glands, one of which was identified as extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK). The phosphorylation of another 120‐kDa protein showed dose‐ and time‐dependent stimulation by PTTH in vitro. In vitro activation of tyrosine phosphorylation was also verified by in vivo experiments: injection of PTTH into day‐6 last‐instar larvae greatly increased tyrosine phosphorylation. Treatment of prothoracic glands with the protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, sodium orthovanadate, also resulted in tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins and increased ecdysteroidogenesis. The PTTH‐stimulated phosphorylation of the 120‐kDa protein was markedly attenuated by genistein, a broad‐spectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitor, but not by HNMPA‐(AM)3, a specific inhibitor of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase. PP2, a more‐selective inhibitor of the Src‐family tyrosine kinases, partially inhibited PTTH‐stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation, but not ecdysteroidogenesis. This result implies the possibility that in addition to ERK, the phosphorylation of the 120‐kDa protein, which is not Src‐family tyrosine kinase, is likely also involved in PTTH‐stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis in B. mori. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

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Abstract. Silkworm eggs of diapause nature were chilled or treated with hydrochloric acid. Glutamine synthetase activity in such treated eggs was present soon after the treatment, whereas in non-diapause eggs it was not detectable until 24 h after the start of development. During larval life, the glutamine synthetase was found to be absent in midgut tissue. Topical application of a JH analogue resulted in extened larval duration and it reduced glutamine synthetase activity initially, but in the latter part of development the activity was higher.  相似文献   

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A comparison of the cDNA sequences (1 056 bp) of Bombyx mori DnaJ 5 homolog with B. mori genome revealed that unlike in other Hsps, it has an intron of 234 bp. The DnaJ 5 homolog contains 351 amino acids, of which 70 contain the conserved DnaJ domain at the N-terminal end. This homolog orB. mori has all desirable functional domains similar to other insects, and the 13 different DnaJ homologs identified in B. mori genome were distributed on different chromosomes. The expressed sequence tag database analysis of Hsp40 gene expression revealed higher expression in wing disc followed by diapause-induced eggs. Microarray analysis revealed higher expression of DnaJ 5 homolog at 18th h after oviposition in diapause-induced eggs. Further validation of DnaJ 5 expression through qPCR in diapause-induced and nondiapause eggs at different time intervals revealed higher expression in diapause eggs at 18 and 24 h after oviposition, which coincided with the expression of Hsp70 as the Hsp 40 is its co-chaperone. This study thus provides an outline of the genome organization of lisp40 gene, and its role in egg diapause induction in B. mori.  相似文献   

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Abstract To overcome the disadvantages of current silkworm Bombyx mori transgenic technology, such as costly and time‐consuming to maintain non‐diapause transgenic silkworms, we report here on the development of treatments for the germline transformation of diapause silkworm strains. Our results showed that HCl treatment within 3 h of oviposition was able to prevent the diapause of eggs from Japanese lineage diapause silkworm strains and was also suitable for germline transformation of the same strains. By incubating developing mother eggs from Chinese lineage diapause silkworm strains at 15°C (15°C‐IME), we were able to prevent the diapause of their daughter eggs; a similar strategy (15°C‐IMES) for the germline transformation of the same strains was that the mother eggs were incubated at 15°C, and the daughter eggs were then microinjected according to the conventional microinjection methods used for non‐diapause eggs. By combining temperature and light controls, the improved 15°C‐IMES strategy prevented diapause in daughter eggs, and also enabled the germline transformation of both Japanese and Chinese lineage diapause silkworm strains. Although each of the strategies developed here has advantages and disadvantages, we suggest that the 15°C‐IMES strategy is a good reference for the establishment of germline transformation technologies of other egg diapause insects. These new strategies for the efficient germline transformation of diapause silkworm strains are likely to improve the practical use of silkworm transgenic lines in sericulture and also highlight silkworm functional genomics research and its modeling.  相似文献   

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家蚕滞育卵与非滞育卵中几种关键酶活性的比较   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
范兰芬  钟杨生  林健荣 《昆虫学报》2011,54(11):1258-1263
家蚕Bombyx mori是卵滞育的昆虫, 在滞育期间无形态变化, 也不存在器官发育和组织分化, 然而其生理代谢过程仍在进行。为进一步研究家蚕滞育的机制, 本研究测定了家蚕滞育卵、 即时浸酸处理的滞育卵及非滞育卵在胚胎发育过程中的超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD, EC 1.15.1.1)、 过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT, EC 1.11.1.6)、 丙酮酸激酶(pyruvate kinase, PK, EC 2.7.1.40)、 乙酰胆碱酯酶(acetylcholine esterase, AchE, EC 3.1.1.7)和乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH, EC 1.1.1.28) 的活性变化。结果表明: 处理后1-7 d, 即时浸酸处理的滞育卵, SOD活性由56 517.00 U/g提高到81 986.94 U/g, CAT活性由14.98 U/g提高到106.90 U/g, PK活性由25.19 U/g提高到181.70 U/g, AChE活性由17.88 U/g提高到287.86 U/g, 而LDH活性由169.96 U/g下降到122.82 U/g。 而在非滞育卵中, SOD活性由86 417.99 U/g下降到66 024.19 U/g, LDH活性由169.07 U/g下降到135.02 U/g; CAT活性由1.47 U/g提高到44.37 U/g, PK活性由20.56 U/g提高到92.09 U/g, AChE活性由21.40 U/g提高到99.17 U/g。在滞育卵中, SOD和AChE活性较稳定; CAT活性随发育上升, 而LDH活性随发育而下降; PK活性在胚胎发育的前 4 d呈上升趋势, 随后基本保持稳定。通过了解家蚕滞育卵、 非滞育卵与即时浸酸卵的相关酶活性在胚胎发育过程中存在的变化, 有助于进一步揭示家蚕滞育的机理。  相似文献   

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N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) plays a key role in regulating gene expression in myriad organisms. Diapause is an important plastic phenotype that allows insects to survive under specific environmental conditions. However, the diapause molecular mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we analyzed the phylogenetics of genes related to the m6A modification complex in the silkworm (Bombyx mori) based on identified sequences from other organisms. We detected the expression of these genes during different developmental phases from four strains with different voltinism. We also determined total m6A content in cells treated with different diapause hormone concentrations or eggs exposed to hydrochloric acid. Our data revealed that m6A‐modification‐related gene expression and m6A content were greater in diapause‐destinated compared to nondiapause‐destined strains. Our findings suggest that m6A modification may provide significant epigenetic regulation of diapause‐related genes in the silkworm.  相似文献   

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For the bivoltine (Dazao) strain of the silkworm Bombyx mori L., diapause expression in progeny is induced by exposure to conditions of 25 °C and continuous illumination (LL) during the maternal generation, whereas an environment of 15 °C and constant darkness (DD) results in nondiapause progeny. Initiation of diapause in progeny can be prevented by treatment of diapause‐programmed eggs with hydrochloric acid (HCl) at approximately 24 h post‐oviposition. To investigate whether glutathione is involved in the regulation of diapause induction and initiation in this species, measurements of total glutathione, reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidised glutathione (GSSG), GSH/GSSG ratio, glutathione S‐transferase (GST) and peroxiredoxins (Prdx) are compared in eggs incubated under LL and DD conditions, and between diapause eggs and those treated with HCl. Compared with DD, eggs incubated under LL have higher total glutathione (GSH + 2GSSG), lower GSH, higher GSSG, a lower GSH/GSSG ratio, lower GST activity and higher Prdx activity at stages 20–25 of maternal embryogenesis. The lower ratio of GSH/GSSG is indicative of pro‐oxidative conditions during diapause induction, which may result from the stronger oxidation of GSH. Compared with HCl‐treated eggs, diapause eggs have lower total glutathione, no difference in GSH, lower GSSG, a higher GSH/GSSG ratio, no difference in GST activity and lower Prdx between 36 and 72 h post‐oviposition. The higher ratio GSH/GSSG is indicative of reducing conditions during diapause initiation, which may a result of the weaker oxidation of GSH. Moreover, variations of Prdx and GST suggest that Prdx rather than GST plays an important role in the oxidation of GSH during the induction and initiation of diapause.  相似文献   

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