中国苔类孢子形态的研究

通过电镜扫描方法 ,研究了 3个属 9种的中国叶状体苔类植物 :稀枝钱苔 (RicciahuebenerianaLindb .)、宽翅钱苔 (R .hantamensisPerold .)、曲脊钱苔 (R .cavernosaHoffm .)、R .warnstorfiiLimpr.exWarnst.、小孢钱苔 (R .frostiiAust.)、中华钱苔 (R .chinensisHerz .)、东亚花萼苔 (Asterellayoshinagana (Horik .)Horik .)、矮网花萼苔 (A .sanguiniaL .etL .)、背托苔 (Preissiaquadrata) (Scop .)Nees.)。对上述种类的孢子形态特征进行了描述。研究发现 ,上述 3属的孢子形态特征具有明显差异。而且同一属的孢子形态特征也存在差异 ,甚至可以作为种类划分的依据之一。同时采自不同地点的同一种类其孢子形态有时具微小的差别。这可能是由于生态环境差异所造成的     

大叶苔属大陆新发现及棕色原丝薛中国新记录

作者在研究中国西南地区苔藓植物时, 发现了中国大陆一新记录属一大叶苔属(Scaphophyllum), 并首次报导了大叶苔(S. speciosum(Horik.)Inoue)的孢子体. 同时发现了中国藓类植物一新记录种一棕色原丝藓(Tetrodontium browniamum(Dicks.)Sohwaegr.).     

中国苔类新记录种:附基缺萼苔(Gymnomitrion laceratum(Steph.)Horik.)

报道产于西藏的中国苔类植物缺萼苔科缺萼苔1 个新记录种:附基缺萼苔(Gymnomitrion laceratum(Steph.)Horik.)。该种主要特征为植物体具残存但可辨别的腹叶, 有别于该科其它种类。     

中国光萼苔属一新种和一新变种（英文）

描述了光萼苔属的一个新种和一个新变种:卷瓣光萼苔Porella recurve-loba和多齿光萼苔全缘变种P.campylophylla(Lehm.Lindenb.)Trev.var.integra,它们分别采自中国甘肃和云南。提供了上述新分类群的描述和线条图,并且讨论了与它们形态相似种类之间的区别特征。     

凤尾蕨属配子体若干系统学特征新考

通过对凤尾蕨属(Pteris L.)8种,即半边旗(P.semipinnata L.)、傅氏凤尾蕨(P.fauriei Hieron.)、阔叶凤尾蕨(P.esquirolii Christ)、三叉凤尾蕨(P.tripartita Sw.)、蜈蚣草(P.vittata L.)、溪边凤尾蕨(P.excelsa Gaud.)、有刺凤尾蕨(P.setuloso-costulata Hayata)、西南凤尾蕨(P.wallichiana Agardh)孢子的人工培养,观察并总结了该属配子体发育各阶段形态特征,并与以往的观察结果进行比较.最终选取孢子萌发型与配子体发育类型等稳定特征作为判断依据,讨论该属与书带蕨科(Vittariaceae)、中国蕨科(Sinopteridaceae)、铁线蕨科(Adiantaceae)等科的亲缘关系.研究认为蕨类配子体生长点上方边缘细胞分布情况多变,不是稳定的系统学特征.而配子体特定部位边缘细胞的外侧壁形态则具有较高的系统学参考价值.     

茄科马尿泡和天仙子的花器官发生

利用扫描电镜研究了茄科(Solanaceae)天仙子族(Hyoscyameae)中国特有属马尿泡属( Przewalskia Maxim.)马尿泡( Przewalskia tangutica Maxim.)和天仙子属( Hyoscyamus L.)天仙子( Hyoscyamus niger L.)的花器官发生和发育,研究结果表明:马尿泡和天仙子花器官的发生和发育具有以下3个共同特征:1)符合Hofmeister规律, 即新器官的发生首先出现在花顶已经存在的器官之间;2)花冠的发育模式符合茄科植物所具有的"后合瓣"("late sympetaly")现象,即花瓣单独发生但后来又通过它们基部分生组织的融合而连合起来;3)花被五基数且花器官原基发生顺序为向心发育.但是它们的花萼原基具有不同的发生方式.天仙子花萼裂片原基的发生方式为环状发生;马尿泡花萼裂片原基的发生方式为螺旋状发生,但5个花萼裂片原基在都出现后就连成了一个环.马尿泡是介于天仙子属和山莨菪属之间的类群,它比天仙子属原始但较山莨菪属进化.     

西藏合叶苔属新资料

该文在对中国西藏色季拉山苔藓植物野外采集和鉴定的基础上,报道了西藏合叶苔属新资料。结果表明:合叶苔属植物共有13种,其中西藏新记录种2种,即厚边合叶苔(Scapania carinthiaca J.B. Jack)和东亚合叶苔(S. orientalis Steph. ex K. Müller);此外,还有色季拉山新记录种9种,分别为多胞合叶苔(S. apiculata Spruce)、刺边合叶苔(S. ciliata Sande Lac.)、短合叶苔[S. curta (Mart) Dumort.]、长尖合叶苔[S. glaucocephala (Taylor) Austin]、林地合叶苔[S. nemorea (L.) Grolle]、尼泊尔合叶苔(S. nepalensis Nees)、小合叶苔(S. parvifolia Warnst.)、弯瓣合叶苔(S. parvitexta Steph.)、粗疣合叶苔(S. verrucosa Heeg.)。同时,还对其中厚边合叶苔、东亚合叶苔和长尖合叶苔的形态特征和地理分布进行了描述,并提供了主要形态特征的照片。凭证标本存放于中国农业大学标本室(BAU)中。     

新疆白齿藓属的分类及其地理分布

通过对新疆白齿藓属(Leucodon)标本的系统整理,确认该属在新疆共有4种,其中3种为新疆新记录种,分别为朝鲜白齿藓(L.coreensis Cardot.)、垂悬白齿藓(L.pendulus Lindb.)和中华白齿藓(L.sinensis Thér.)。本文对上述4个种的形态特征、生境和地理分布等进行了详细描述,并提供了显微形态图版和墨线图。依据白齿藓属植物在我国的地理分布,推测秦岭地区可能是白齿藓属植物在我国的分布和分化中心。     

苜蓿属和胡卢巴属植物的形态特征及数量分类研究

为研究苜蓿属(Medicago L.)与胡卢巴属(Trigonella L.)间的亲缘关系,寻找两属间的分属依据,解决中间过渡类群的分类归属问题,对苜蓿属与胡卢巴属种类的种皮结构和花粉形态特征进行了观察和测量,并以苜蓿属和胡卢巴属植物的40个形态性状为依据、应用数量分类方法对供试的16个种类进行了聚类分析(UPGMA)和主成分分析(PCA).此外,还根据具有重要分类学意义的形态性状,编写了供试的苜蓿属和胡卢巴属16个种类的分类检索表.观察结果表明,供试的两属植物(11种)的种皮结构基本相同,均由栅栏组织细胞、厚壁细胞和薄壁细胞组成,但胡卢巴属种皮的帽状结构和栅栏组织的厚度均小于苜蓿属.供试的两属植物(9种)花粉形态特征相似,均为椭球形或近球形,赤道面观为椭圆形,极面观为三裂圆形;极轴和赤道轴长分别为22.67～34.67 μm和17.34～31.60 μm;花粉表面纹饰较简单,呈小穴状.种皮结构和花粉特征显示两属的亲缘关系较近,仅种皮结构中的帽状结构差异具有一定的属间分类学意义.聚类分析结果表明,在欧氏距离10.85处,供试的苜蓿属(11种)和胡卢巴属(5种)的16个种类被划分为2组,A组均由胡卢巴属种类组成,B组均由苜蓿属种类组成;在欧氏距离9.32处,B组可被进一步划分为3个亚组,所包含的种类分别为苜蓿属的阔荚亚属(Subgen. Platycarpos D. F. Cui)、镰荚亚属(Subgen. Medicago Tutin)和天蓝苜蓿亚属(Subgen. Lupulina Gressh.)的种类.主成分分析结果表明,前3个主成分的累积贡献率较低,仅57.50%;在前3个主成分中,果实和小叶的长宽比、花萼长和被毛状况、茎和小叶的被毛状况、小叶尖形状、花序长等相关性状的绝对权重值均在0.6以上,具有重要的分类学意义;基于前2个主成分所做的二维散点图中供试的16个种类组成4个表征类群,与聚类分析结果一致.     

桫椤科三种植物配子体发育的研究

用土壤培养桫椤Alsophila spinulosa(Wall.exHook.)R.M.Tryon、中华桫椤A.costularis Baker和白桫椤Sphaeropteris brunoniana(Hook.)R.M.Tryon的孢子,利用光学显微镜对其配子体发育的各个阶段进行了观察,包括孢子形态及其萌发、原丝体发育特点、片状体和生长点的形成及分化、假根特征、精子器和颈卵器的分化及发育,以及原叶体感染真菌后的显微特征。初步讨论了桫椤科不同属(种)间的配子体发育的系统学意义和有性世代的濒危原因。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.