经尿道前列腺等离子剜除术对大体积前列腺增生患者尿动力学、性功能及生活质量的影响

摘要 目的：探讨经尿道前列腺等离子剜除术（TUERP）对大体积前列腺增生（BPH）患者尿动力学、性功能及生活质量的影响。方法：回顾性分析我院2016年4月~2019年1月期间收治的118例大体积BPH患者的临床资料,根据手术方式的不同分为经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）组（n=57,给予TURP治疗）和TUERP组（n=61,给予TUERP治疗）,比较两组患者围术期指标、尿动力学、性功能及生活质量,记录两组患者术后并发症发生情况。结果：TUERP组膀胱冲洗时间、手术时间、尿管留置时间短于TURP组,术中出血量少于TURP组（P<0.05）;TUERP组前列腺膀胱组织切除量多于TURP组（P<0.05）。两组患者术后6个月最大尿流（Qmax）及生理功能、躯体疼痛、社会功能、情感职能、总体健康、生理职能、活力和精神健康等评分升高,且TUERP组高于TURP组（P<0.05）;残余尿量（PVR）降低,且TUERP组低于TURP组（P<0.05）。TUERP组术后并发症发生率低于TURP组（P<0.05）。TUERP组术后6个月勃起功能障碍、逆行射精占比低于TURP组（P<0.05）。结论：TUERP治疗大体积BPH,可有效改善患者围术期指标、尿动力学、性功能及生活质量,同时还可减少并发症发生率,临床应用价值较高。     

15N]glycine metabolism in normal and cirrhotic subjects

Following a single oral dose of 10 mg/kg of [15N]glycine, plasma [15N]glycine kinetics and urinary 15N excretion were measured in 12 cirrhosis patients and in 6 control subjects. Cirrhosis patients were divided into two groups of 6 patients with and without a history of hepatic encephalopathy designated as group II and group I, respectively. Thirty minutes after oral administration of labeled glycine, the plasma concentration of [15N]glycine was significantly higher in both cirrhosis groups than that in the control group (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01). The elimination constant of plasma [15N]glycine slightly decreased in group II, but not significantly. Urinary 15N excretion did not differ among the three groups, but the rate of urinary ammonia 15N in urinary 15N was significantly increased in group II (P less than 0.05). The whole-body protein flux did not differ among the three groups, but whole-body protein breakdown was significantly increased in group II cirrhosis patients (P less than 0.05). These findings indicated that the kinetics of glycine were substantially altered in severe cirrhosis patients. Because hepatic uptake and oxidation of glycine was well maintained even in group II, increased endogenous protein breakdown seemed to be responsible for hyperglycinemia and also for the negative nitrogen balance seen in this group.     

Postnatal Development of Synaptic Glycine Receptors in Normal and Hyperglycinemic Rats

The postnatal development of glycine synaptic receptors has been studied. Strychnine binding to the synaptic membrane fraction is very low at birth, increases thereafter, and reaches adult values at the 15th day in the brain, and at the 30th day in the spinal cord. Throughout postnatal development, there are more glycine receptors in the spinal cord than in the brain. The development of receptors in the spinal cord displays a pattern similar to that reported previously for the glycine reuptake system in spinal cord slices and in the activity of spinal cord glycine synthase. In rats with experimental hyperglycinemia strychnine binding to spinal cord glycine receptors increases much more rapidly, reaching a level 1.5 times the control value by day 10. When the hyperglycinemia was induced after the 10th postnatal day, however, no effect on the glycine receptors was observed. This increased number of receptors could be explained by an effect of glycine on the synaptic stabilisation process. No changes in the KD for strychnine were observed either during postnatal development or in hyperglycinemic rats. The KD remained approximately 10 nM in the spinal cord and 50 nM in the brain. Results are discussed with respect to the ontogeny of glycinergic synapses and the pathogenesis of nonketotic hyperglycinemia.     

Factors modifying the effect of diazepam on plasma corticosterone levels in rats

We have examined factors that alter the effect of diazepam (DZ) on plasma corticosterone (CS) in rats. DZ had a biphasic effect on plasma CS levels: CS decreased with doses below 5 mg/kg and increased with higher doses. Peak response occurred 90 minutes post injection in both sexes. Plasma DZ levels were significantly higher in females than in males and peak at 10 and 30 minutes post injection in males and females, respectively. There was also a sex difference in the pattern of DZ metabolites. An acute stressor (30 minutes of immobilization) did not affect plasma CS levels in rats injected with a 5 mg/kg dose of DZ. Prenatally stressed animals did not differ in basal CS levels or in their response to 5 mg/kg of DZ compared to prenatally non-stressed animals. These two groups of animals also did not differ in plasma levels of DZ or of its metabolites. By contrast, the 5 mg/kg dose of DZ had no effect on plasma testosterone levels in control animals, but increased it in prenatally stressed animals. Furthermore, compared to non-stressed controls, prenatally stressed animals had lower baseline plasma testosterone levels. These results indicate that the effect of DZ on plasma CS is influenced by endogenous as well as exogenous factors and that these effects vary with the particular biochemical parameter under examination.     

Response of cyclic and post-partum suckled cows to injections of synthetic LH-RH.

Doses of 125, 250 or 500 micrograms LH-RH were injected i.m. into suckled beef cows on approximately Day 11 of an oestrous cycle synchronized by prostaglandin treatment. There was a positive linear relationship between dose of LH-RH and the area under the measured LH peak. Administration of 500 micrograms LH-RH as a single injection to suckled cows 13-32 days post partum resulted in LH release but failed to induce normal ovarian activity. A small transient rise in plasma progesterone for 6--9 days occurred at the expected time after injection in 50% of animals. Administration of 500 micrograms LH-RH to suckled beef cows approximately 20--30 days post partum and a second injection approximately 10 days later at the time when the resulting transient rise in plasma progesterone had returned to basal values induced normal cyclic activity (as shown by progesterone concentrations and observed oestrus) at 35 days compared with 70 days for untreated controls. Pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH, as assessed by LH levels, was found to increase up to 20 days post partum.     

Stimulation of somatotropin secretion following peripheral administration of the tripeptide, syndyphalin 33 in sheep, pigs and rats

In the present study, a simple tripeptide alkylamine, syndyphalin 33 (SD33, Tyr-DMet (O)-Gly-methylphenethylamide) was shown to stimulate somatotropin (GH) secretion in sheep, hogs and rats following peripheral administration. Intravenous (i.v.) administration of SD33 at doses of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mumol/kg stimulated a significant increase in circulating GH levels in sheep within 5 minutes post-injection. This response was not attenuated following repeated i.v. injections of SD33 (0.05 /mmol/kg) administered at 2 hour intervals. In addition, plasma GH levels were significantly stimulated following either subcutaneous (s.c.) or oral administration of SD33 in hogs and rats. Subcutaneous administration of SD33 at doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mumol/kg stimulated a significant increase in plasma GH concentrations within 30 minutes of injection in both species. Oral administration of SD33 at 1.0, 10 or 100 mumol/kg in rats resulted in a significant elevation in plasma GH levels which peaked at 30 minutes post-gavage. In the pig, circulating GH levels were significantly increased within 30 minutes post-ingestion and remained elevated for at least 2 hours at the 2.0 mumol/kg dose level. The ability of naloxone to block SD33-stimulated GH secretion suggests that this peptide acts via mu opiate receptors.     

经尿道等离子电切术治疗前列腺增生的临床效果研究

目的：探讨经尿道等离子电切术治疗前列腺增生的临床效果和安全性。方法：选取2013 年1 月-2014 年1 月在我院就诊的 前列腺增生患者64 例,并将其随机分为经尿道前列腺等离子体双极电切术(PKRP)组和经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)组,每组各 32 例。PKRP组患者使用经尿道前列腺等离子体双极电切术治疗,TURP 组患者使用经尿道前列腺电切术治疗,术后观察和比较 两组患者的临床疗效及并发症的发生情况。结果：与TURP组比较,PKRP 组的手术时间显著延长,术中出血量明显减少,导尿管 留置时间、住院时间均显著缩短,腺体切除量明显增加,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。术后,两组的IPSS、QOL、RUV和Qmax 均 较术前显著改善(P＜0.05),且PKRP 组患者的IPSS、QOL、RUV均显著低于TURP 组,而Qmax 明显高于TURP 组,差异具有统计 学意义(P＜0.05)。两组的不良反应包括前列腺电切综合征、暂时性尿失禁、迟发性出血和尿道狭窄,PKRP组的总发生率显著低于 TURP 组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论：PKRP 治疗前列腺增生的临床效果优于TURP,患者恢复快,并发症发生率低,值 得临床合理选用。     

Accumulation of labeled gamma-aminobutyric acid into rat brain and brain synaptosomes after i.p. injection

The accumulation of labeled GABA into brain and brain nerve endings was studied in the adult rat after i.p. injection of large doses of neurotransmitter (740 mg/Kg). In the first 5–30 minutes after the injection the exogenous neurotransmitter reaches a stable plasma level of around 5 mM. The accumulation of radioactive GABA into the brain presents a latency of a few minutes from the time of the injection. Thereafter, the accumulation of the neurotransmitter is almost linear with time. Once in the brain tissue labeled GABA is in part broken down. The exogenous neurotransmitter is taken up in GABA-ergic nerve endings with a steep increase between 20 and 30 minutes after the injection. From a quantitative point of view, the data show that the brain accumulation of labeled GABA at 30 minutes post injection is minimal in the respect of the steady state average concentration of the endogenous neurotransmitter (0.014%). However, the amount of radioactive GABA which accumulates in the nerve endings, at the same post injection time, is around 7% of the endogenous neurotransmitter in that comparment. The data thus show a selective enrichment of exogenous systemic GABA in a physiologically important compartment of the brain.     

前列腺切除术围术期出血与临床护理预处理的关系

研究护理中术前服用度他雄胺2周减少前列腺内二氢睾酮和前列腺组织血管分布对前列腺术后出血的影响。本研究纳入了83例符合TURP适应症的良性前列腺增生患者。度他雄胺组由40名患者组成,术前两周内接受度他雄胺(0.5 mg/d)治疗;对照组由43名患者组成,术前两周内不接受度他雄胺治疗。根据术前、术后、术后24 h的血清血红蛋白(Hb)和血细胞比容(Hct)水平来评估失血情况。本次研究还探究了药物对留置尿道导管的使用时间、连续盐水膀胱冲洗时间和住院时间的影响。术后和术后1 d平均失血量方面,度他雄胺组低于对照组(ΔHb=(0.65±1.27) g/d L∶(1.16±0.73) g/d L,(1.30±1.00) g/dL∶(1.86±1.05) g/dL,p=0.019,p=0.011;ΔHct=(1.89±3.83)%∶(3.47±2.09)%,(3.69±2.95)%∶(5.39±3.23)%,p=0.016,p=0.011)。此外,在度他雄胺组中,尿道留置导尿管天数((2.95±1.02) d∶(3.92±1.14) d,p=0.000)、连续盐水膀胱冲洗时间((1.81±1.08) d∶(2.36±1.06) d,p=0.016)和TURP后的住院时间((3.95±1.09) d∶(4.76±1.19) d,p=0.001)较小。本研究表明,在TURP术前护理中用度他雄胺进行两周的治疗,可减少术后出血和TURP术后住院时间。这种临床护理预处理可用于减少与TURP相关的手术出血,建议临床使用。     

One of the two genomic copies of the glycine decarboxylase cDNA has been deleted at a 5' region in a patient with nonketotic hyperglycinemia

One of eight patients with nonketotic hyperglycinemia resulted by the lesion in glycine decarboxylase showed the deletion of 0.6-kb SacI and 1.5-kb PstI fragments identified by the cDNA for this protein. A genomic clone, lambda HGDG10, encodes a 5' region of this cDNA in an organized structure and can produce these two fragments. The other clone, lambda HGDG8, carries a processed gene. Southern analysis using a limited segment of this cDNA demonstrated that the 1.7-kb and 1.5-kb PstI fragments predicted from its recognition sites in both genomic clones occur actually in the human genome, indicating that at least two copies of glycine decarboxylase cDNA exist in the haploid genome, and the patient has the glycine decarboxylase gene deleted at a 5' region.     

Plasma concentrations of 9-deoxo-16,16-dimethyl-9-methylene-PGE2 in Rhesus monkeys after administration by various routes

A method is described for the estimation of 9-deoxo-16,16-dimethyl-9-methylene-PGE₂ by double antibody radioimmunoassay. Plasma samples obtained from animals treated with 9-methylene-16,16-dimethyl-PGE₂,1-adamantanamine salt were extracted with diethyl ether to recover the prostaglandin. The validation of sample preparation and assay procedure are presented. Rhesus females were treated by several routes of administration and the samples assayed for drug content. Maximum blood levels were probably reached 30 minutes following subcutaneous injection and within 30 seconds of an intravenous injection. Results of the acute intravenous injection indicate an initial half-life of approximately one minute in peripheral circulation. Continuous intravenous infusion at 3 increasing doses of this compound resulted in a stepwise increase in plasma drug concentrations. Vaginal administration of 9-methylene-16,16-dimethyl-PGE₂,1-adamantanamine salt in suppositories produced a dose dependent increase in plasma drug concentration. Higher plasma drug concentrations were produced when the prostaglandin was delivered in H-15 base suppositories than in E-76 base suppositories.     

钬激光电切术对老年高血压患者前列腺增生的疗效及安全性

目的:探讨钬激光和经尿道电切术治疗老年高血压伴前列腺增生的疗效和安全性。方法:回顾性分析2011年1月-2013年1月我科收治的48例患者的临床资料,随机分为两组,每组24例,分别采用经尿道前列腺电切术和激光切除术治疗。观察两组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、IPSS和QOL评分及血压变化情况。分别于手术前后应用经直肠超声测量患者前列腺厚度,根据球形体积公式估算前列腺重量。结果:钬激光组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间明显低于电切组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);钬激光组术后前列腺重量、IPSS评分、QOL评分及血压均低于电切组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:经尿道钬激光切除术治疗伴高血压的老年前列腺增生患者安全有效,可在临床推广。     

等离子经尿道前列腺电切对患者生活质量的影响

目的:探讨等离子经尿道前列腺电切(PKRP)和常规经尿道前列腺电切(TURP)对良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者生活质量的影响。方法:采取前瞻性随机对照的方法将105名需要手术治疗的BPH患者随机分成二组:即TURP组51例,PKRP组54例。使用IPSS、QOL和WHOQOL-BREF量表,分别在术前、术后第1、6和12个月对患者的LUTS和生活质量进行评估。结果:TURP组和PKRP组患者的生活质量在术后6个月得到明显改善。TURP组术后第6个月的IPSS、QOL和WHOQOL-BREF评分分别为10.4±2.6,1.7±0.6和55.1±7.4,术后第12个月的IPSS、QOL和WHOQOL-BREF评分分别为11.4±2.6,1.7±0.5和55.2±6.9,均比术前(21.5±5.3,5.3±0.9和52.4±7.0)有明显改善。PKRP组术后第6个月的IPSS、QOL和WHOQOL-BREF评分分别为9.8±2.4,1.5±0.4和57.9±8.1,术后第12个月的IPSS、QOL和WHOQOL-BREF评分分别为10.6±2.2,1.7±0.5和56.3±6.2,均比术前(21.3±6.1,5.2±1.0和55.0±8.8)有明显改善。结论:TURP和PKRP术后第6个月患者的生活质量得到持续改善,WHO-QOL-BREF可以作为评价TURP和PKRP对BPH患者生活质量影响的可靠测量工具。     

Chronic Hyperphenylalaninemia Produces Cerebral Hyperglycinemia in Immature Rats

The amino acid content of three tissues was measured in 10-day-old rats made hyperphenylalaninemic from age 3 to 10 days by daily injection of phenylalanine plus alpha-methylphenylalanine to inhibit phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). At 12 h after the last injection, the concentrations of alanine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, and leucine in the cerebral hemispheres were depressed by 25-50%, whereas that of glycine was elevated 2.3-fold. In the spinal cord, the levels of phosphoserine, methionine, and leucine were decreased by 40-50%, and those of serine and threonine increased by 50%. Tyrosine and phenylalanine concentrations were high in all tissues, 2-3 and 15-30 times normal, respectively; of the amino acids investigated, they were the only ones changed in the liver. Cerebral hyperglycinemia was also produced by chronic treatment with phenylalanine plus p-chlorophenylalanine to inhibit PAH, but not by acute (12 h) hyperphenylalaninemia. An increase in cerebral phosphoserine phosphatase activity was greater in rats treated with phenylalanine plus PAH inhibitor than with inhibitor alone. The content of brain glycine normally declines with age from birth to 15 days; this decrease was prevented by chronic hyperphenylalaninemia. Attempts to reduce the cerebral glycine content of the hyperphenylalaninemic rats were unsuccessful. However, one of the therapeutic protocols, methionine loading, may be useful because it increased the methionine and decreased the phenylalanine contents in the brain.     

Hyperglycinemia due to folate deficiency in rats: evidence for the lack of involvement of the hepatic glycine cleavage system

In addition to a well-recognized hyperhomocysteinemic state, folate deficiency also leads to profound hyperglycinemia. To further characterize the latter observation, two trials were conducted using a folate-deficient rat model to (1) determine the sensitivity of plasma glycine to folate repletion and (2) test the hypothesis that hyperglycinemia results from a reduced flux through the folate-dependent glycine cleavage system (GCS). Weanling male Sprague–Dawley rats were used, and they consumed an amino acid-defined diet with either 0 (FD) or 1 (FA) mg/kg of crystalline folic acid. In Trial 1, 30 rats consumed the FD diet for 28 days. Rats then consumed diets containing 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 or 0.4 mg/kg of folic acid for 14 days before termination. In Trial 2, 16 rats were allocated to receive either the FA (n=8) or FD (n=8) diet for 30 days before termination. Liver mitochondria were isolated and flux through the GCS (measured as ¹⁴CO₂ production from 1-¹⁴C-glycine) was determined. Plasma from blood collected at termination was analyzed for folate, homocysteine and glycine. In Trial 1, both homocysteine and glycine responded linearly to increased dietary folic acid (milligrams per kilogram) levels (P<.05). In Trial 2, plasma folate (FA=25.85 vs. FD=0.66; S.E.M.=1.4 μM), homocysteine (FA=11.1 vs. FD=55.3; S.E.M.=1.7 μM) and glycine (FA=564 vs. FD=1983; S.E.M.=114 μM) were significantly affected by folate deficiency (P<.0001). However, glycine flux through hepatic GCS was not affected by folate deficiency (P>.05). These results provide evidence that in a folate-deficient rat model, both homocysteine and glycine are sensitive to dietary folic acid levels; however, the observed hyperglycinemia does not appear to be related to a reduced flux through the hepatic GCS.     

经尿道等离子前列腺剜除术与经尿道前列腺电切术治疗良性前列腺增生症的临床疗效对比研究

摘要 目的：对比经尿道等离子前列腺剜除术（TUKEP）与经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）治疗良性前列腺增生症（BPH）的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析我院2018年1月1日至2021年3月17日期间收治的200例BPH患者的临床资料。根据手术方式的不同将患者分为A组（n=83）和B组（n=117）,A组手术方式为TURP,B组手术方式为TUKEP,比较两组围术期指标,随访6个月,对比两组性功能、尿流动力学变化及并发症发生情况。结果：B组手术时间、术中出血量、尿管留置时间、住院时间、术后冲洗时间短于A组（P<0.05）。术后6个月,两组患者的最大尿流速（Qmax）、膀胱顺应性（BC）升高,剩余尿量（PVR）降低（P<0.05）,且B组患者的Qmax、BC高于A组,PVR低于A组（P<0.05）。术后6个月,两组患者的勃起功能评分表（IIEF-5）、射精功能评分表（CIPE-5）评分降低（P<0.05）,但B组、A组IIEF-5、CIPE-5评分组间对比无明显统计学差异（P>0.05）。B组的并发症发生率小于A组（P<0.05）。结论：TUKEP、TURP治疗BPH,疗效相当,TUKEP在缩短手术时间、尿管留置时间、术后冲洗时间、住院时间,降低术中出血量,减少并发症发生率,改善尿流动力学方面更有优势。     

侧卧体位下经皮肾穿刺取石术联合经尿道输尿管镜取石术治疗复杂上尿路结石的临床应用价值

目的：探讨侧卧体位下经皮肾穿刺取石术联合经尿道输尿管镜取石术治疗复杂上尿路结石的可行性及临床应用价值。方法：回顾性分析2009年8月至2011年9月我院采用侧卧体住下经皮肾穿刺取石术联合经尿道输尿管镜取石术治疗复杂上尿路结石患者52例的临床资料：患者同时存在肾脏铸型结石或多发结石和或输尿管上段结石,单个结石最大径8-30mm。结果：平均手术时间60分钟（50—120分钟）;术前血红蛋白116±30g／L,术后第一天复查105±26g／L,无大出血需要输血病例;一次结石取净率为86．5％（45／52）,总取净率为92．3％（48／52）。结论：侧卧体位下经皮肾穿刺取石术及经尿道输尿管镜取石术两种术式联合应用具有可行性及互补性,在预防及减少术中出血、获得清晰的手术视野、减少灌注液外渗、增加结石清除速度及碎石成功率、缩短手术时间、减少术后发热等方面疗效显著,为治疗复杂上尿路结石提供了一个可行的新方法。     

Conversion of orally administered 2-n.pentylaminoacetamide into glycinamide and glycine in the rat brain

Male Sprague Dawley albino rats were treated orally with 2-n.pentylaminoacetamide (10 to 100 mg/kg b.wt). This oral administration provoked a dose-related and time-dependent accumulation of glycinamide in forebrain, cerebellum, and medulla, and to increased levels of glycine in the three brain areas, and of serine in medulla. In kidney, liver and plasma, the accumulation of glycinamide was lower and there was no increase in glycine and serine levels. With a dose of 100 mg/kg b.wt, 28% of the drug were eliminated unchanged and 16% as glycinamide, in urines collected for 24 h. In all tissues examined, 2-n.pentylaminoacetamide and glycinamide levels peaked at 1 h and were nil again after 24 h, the ratio of 2-n.pentylaminoacetamide over glycinamide decreasing more rapidly in brain than in kidney and liver. Contrasting with the effects of 2-n.pentylaminoacetamide, the oral administration of glycinamide (66 mg/b.wt) led, 2 hours later, to similar low rises of glycinamide in plasma and brain. In another control experiment, the intraperitoneal injection of a large dose of glycine (450 mg/kg b.wt) provoked, 30 min later, modest rises of glycine levels in the central nervous system that merely reflected a contamination by plasma glycine.     

The impaired expression of glycine decarboxylase in patients with hyperglycinemias

Glycine decarboxylase, a constituent of the glycine cleavage system, in patients with either nonketotic or ketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH and KH) was examined using an anti-chicken glycine decarboxylase antibody. Patients with NKH who have lesion in glycine decarboxylase are differentiated by its expressed level in the liver. One group is cases of the neonatal onset type who have neither activity of the enzyme nor protein reactive to the antibody. The other is a case of the late onset type who shows low but detectable activity of the enzyme and the desirable amount of the immunoreactive material. In the liver of a patient with KH not showing the appreciable activity of H-protein, ubiquitous amount of protein reactive to anti-H-protein IgG is detected and amount of glycine decarboxylase has also been lowered. It is suggested that several mechanisms may be involved in determining the expressed level of glycine decarboxylase in patients with hyperglycinemias.     

Hyperalgesia induced by altered glycinergic activity at the spinal cord

Glycine or its receptor antagonist, strychnine, were administered perispinally to investigate their effect on nociceptive responses elicited by activation of various cutaneous receptors. Strychnine produced dose-dependent sensory and motor disturbances; 1 and 5 micrograms doses were sub-convulsive, eliciting recurrent episodes of coordinated grooming, scratching and biting at the skin, which persisted for approximately 10 minutes post-injection; higher doses (25 and 100 micrograms) increased the intensity and duration of these effects, and produced convulsive motor seizures. Motor disturbances were not elicited by glycine (5, 25, 100 and 400 micrograms). Strychnine treated rats, at all doses, vocalized consistently in response to light cutaneous stimulation; a significant proportion of glycine treated rats also vocalized, but were not as sensitive to mild stimulation. Skin hyperalgesia persisted for at least 30 minutes in both strychnine and glycine treated rats. Both strychnine and glycine significantly reduced vocalization thresholds to tail shock. However, no clear effect on tail flick latency was observed following either strychnine or glycine. These results indicate that glycinergic neurons contribute to the tonic regulation of nociceptive input at the spinal cord.