基因敲除鼠疾病模型的研究进展

基因敲除是研究生物体基因功能的有效手段。通过基因敲除建立的鼠疾病模型,在研究基因功能及人类疑难病症致病机制等方面发挥着前所未有的作用。本文对目前已获得的基因敲除鼠疾病模型进行了分类和总结,为相关研究的展开奠定了基础。 Abstract:The knock-out technology is an effective means in studying the gene function of organism.The disease model of gene knock-out mouse is of significance in understanding the gene function and pathogenesis of human disease.The available models of gene knock-out mouse are classified and summarized to promote the development of related research.     

46,XY女性患者SRY基因启动子区域的突变分析

大约15%的46,XY女性患者中发现SRY基因编码区突变,其他患者可能是SRY基因的调节区, 包括启动子区域发生了突变,或者其他相关基因发生突变所致。本文采用限制性酶切、PCR-SSCP及银染检测技术,对7例患者SRY基因的启动子区域进行了突变筛查, 结果未发现异常,提示这些患者的病因与SRY基因启动子区域本身无关,结合对患者SRY基因HMG基序DNA的突变分析结果,表明除SRY基因异常外还存在其他导致46,XY女性性反转综合征的遗传机制。 Abstract:Using restriction endonuelease digestion and PCR-SSCP with silver staining,we analyzed the promotor region of SRY gene in seven 46,XY femalcs.The results showed no abnormality,thus ruling out the mutations in the promotor region of the SRY gene as a possible cause of sex reversal in these XY females.In view with the absence of the mutations in the HMG regions of the SRY genes of several patients,it is suggested that SRY gene is not the only gene responsible for testicular development but is one of many hierarchical genes involved in a genetic cascade for sexual differentiation.     

苯丙酮尿症分子遗传学研究进展

苯丙酮尿症是由于苯丙氨酸羟化酶基因突变引起的常染色体隐性遗传病。文章综述了苯丙酮尿症中的苯丙氨酸羟化酶基因的定位、结构、突变、调控以及突变基因的体外表达和苯丙氨酸羟化酶的三维结构特点等分子遗传学进展,阐述了苯丙氨酸羟化酶基因的突变对苯丙氨酸羟化酶的体外表达及其三维结构的影响, 以及部分基因型与表型相关的分子机制。 Abstract: Phenylketonuria(PKU) is one kinds of autusomal recessive disease caused by phenylalanine hydroxylase(PAH) gene mutation. This article reviews the recent molecular heredity progress on the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene’s orientation、structureand gene mutation and gene regulation. At same time, mutation gene in vitro expression and the character of 3D structure of PAH in PKU are involved. In this paper, also discussed the inflence of vitro expression and 3D protein structure by gene mutations and the molecular mechanism of the relationship between genotype and phenotype in PKU patient.     

PCR一步法构建融合蛋白基因fpg

采用一种不需要限制核酸酶和连接酶的新方法——“PCR一步法”将芳香烃化合物降解的关键基因pheB和绿色荧光蛋白编码基因gfp融合,构建得到融合蛋白基因fpg。该方法在一个PCR反应体系中通过三个引物、两个模板扩增得到一个含有中间柔性肽段-Gly4Ser-的融合基因fpg。本文研究结果表明,PCR一步法是一种快速方便的构建融合基因的方法。Abstract: TP-PCR,a method developed for fusion gene construction without the use of endonuclease and ligase, was performed to construct a fused fpg gene. The TP-PCR reaction system contained three primers and two templates and resulting PCR product, fused fpg gene, consisted of three sections: pheB gene, which was responsible for catechol 2,3-dioxygenase, gfp gene for GFP protein and the intermediate ligation segment which was designed for the correct expression of the fusion gene. The result in this paper showed that the TP-PCR method is one of rapid and convenient methods for fused gene construction.     

猪激素敏感脂肪酶(HSL)基因的研究概况

激素敏感脂肪酶(HSL)基因影响着脂肪的沉积,它在表达或活性上的轻微变异均有可能影响猪的背膘厚和瘦肉率。从激素敏感脂肪酶的功能及作用机制出发,通过候选基因策略克隆出HSL基因,将其精确定位于猪6号染色体6p1.1-1.2上;进而分析了HSL及其基因的分子结构,比较HSL基因在不同物种间的同源性。不同产肉型猪种间存在HSL基因的多态性,籍此可为了解猪脂肪沉积的基因效应、寻找与背膘厚及瘦肉率相连锁的分子标记提供通途,最终实现利用MAS、MAI等技术手段提高猪的瘦肉率。 Abstract:The gene affects the accumulation of lipid and its small variation on the activity or gene expression can influence the lean percentage and backfat traits.Based on the function and acting mechanism,this gene was cloned by candidate approach and located on the porcine chromosome 6P1.1～1.2.The molecular structure of HSL and HSL gene were analyzed.The homologies was attained by comparison between different mammal animals.The polymorphism of the gene in different pig breeds was detected.This will help the understanding of the genic effect on porcine fat deposition.The HSL gene should be regarded as a candidate gene for fatness in pis.It may have a potential use in MAS or MAI to increase the lean percentage of pig.     

鸡解偶联蛋白(UCP)基因内含子的克隆与系统发生树的构建

解偶联蛋白基因是新近发现的能够增加能量的消耗,与脂肪代谢和能量调控密切相关的一组基因。本研究根据小鼠UCP2基因的剪切方式,设计4对引物成功克隆测序了鸡UCP基因的全部5个内含子,发现都是GT-AG类型的内含子,鸡UCP基因的结构和小鼠的UCP2基因结构一致。以不同物种UCP基因的cds 区域序列和内含子2、内含子3序列进行系统发生树的构建,结果表明：以UCP基因cds区域序列构建的系统发生树与物种树是一致的,UCP基因可以作为研究动物群体系统演化研究的有效基因;但以内含子2与内含子3序列构建的系统发生树的结构则完全不是这样,与物种树的差别比较大。 Abstract:The UCP genes were the newly discovered genes that can increase the energy expenditure and involve in the metabolism of fat and regulation of energy.Four pairs of primers in chicken UCP exon region were designed to amplify the introns of chicken UCP gene according to the splice ways of the mouse UCP2 gene （Accession No.AF096288）.The sequence results showed that the chicken UCP gene also had five GT-AG type introns.The molecular phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the sequence of cds,intron 2 and intron 3 region,respectively.The phylogenetic tree based on the UCP cds region was consistent with the species phylogenetic tree.This result implicated that UCP gene can be regarded as the useful gene for the study of animal phylogenesis.On the contrast,the phylogenetic tree based on the intron 2 and intron 3 region was different from the species phylogenetic tree,which showed that the evolution of intron and cds region is different.     

哺乳动物中基因持续表达的策略

人类遗传病的治疗越来越依赖于基因水平上的治疗,但外源基因不能在哺乳动物中持续表达的缺陷严重阻碍了这一手段的快速发展。含有转座子载体的染色体基因组整合,裸露质粒DNA转化到肝脏的压力输送,或是在质粒载体中插入真核基因的顺式作用元件如内含子、3’端非翻译区、EBV序列等,都可以在一定程度上赋于外源基因以长期持续的表达,这些策略对于基因治疗的发展具有重要的意义。 Abstract: Gene therapy holds great promises to a variety of inherited diseases. However, the limitations on extended and consistent foreign gene expression has severely hampered the development of applicable gene therapy approaches. Technologies are reviewed here including transponson integration, biolistic measures that pulse the naked plasmid into living organs, or the integration of eukaryotic cis elements into introns, 3′ untranslated regions, or the integration of the EBV sequences, which could assist in the prolonged gene expression of the introduced foreign genes. These strategies may significantly promote the progresses of gene therapy.     

Myogenin基因的分子生物学综述

对肌细胞生成素(myogenin,MyoG)的作用机制及其基因的定位、结构、遗传变异及其与经济性状的关系等进行了综述。     

Synergistic up-regulation of muscle LIM protein expression in C2C12 and NIH3T3 cells by myogenin and MEF2C

Although the role of muscle LIM protein (MLP, also known as CRP3), a LIM-only protein of LIM domain-containing protein family, is well-characterized, the mechanism by which the MLP gene expresses remains unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that myogenin and myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) cooperate in activating the MLP gene in myogenesis. RT-PCR, real-time PCR and Western blotting showed that overexpression of myogenin or myogenin plus MEF2C led to induction of the MLP gene in differentiating C2C12 and NIH3T3 fibroblasts. By contrary, knocking-down of myogenin by RNA interference (RNAi) suppressed MLP expression in differentiating C2C12. Deletion and reporter enzyme assay revealed that the promoter activity was determined largely by the region extending from −260 to −173, which containing three E-box (CANNTG motif) candidates. Site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that the E-box at position −186 to −180 was crucial for activating the promoter by myogenin. Furthermore, MEF2C could enhance myogenin-mediated activation of the promoter. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and re-ChIP showed that myogenin and MEF2C were associated with the activated MLP promoter. Together, these results suggest that myogenin and MEF2C cooperate in the MLP gene activation. The linking of the MLP gene activation with myogenin and MEF2C may facilitate myogenin-mediated differentiation of striated muscle.     

Paradoxical decrease in myf-5 messenger RNA levels during induction of myogenic differentiation by insulin-like growth factors.

Having previously demonstrated that the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) induce expression of the myogenin gene, we have now extended our investigation of the induction of myogenesis by the IGFs to a second member of the MyoD family, myf-5. This is the only myogenesis gene other than myogenin expressed early in the differentiation of L6 myoblasts, so its regulation was of particular interest because of our observations on myogenin. In contrast to myogenin, myf-5 mRNA was detectable in proliferating myoblasts, but the steady state levels of myf-5 mRNA fell strikingly for 48 h after the cells were switched to low serum medium containing IGF-II in both murine cell lines and myoblasts cultured from human muscle. In spite of this decrease, translation of myf-5 mRNA appeared essential during the early stages of stimulation of myogenesis by the IGFs; an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide complementary to the first five codons of myf-5 blocked the increase in myogenin mRNA and inhibited morphological (cell fusion) and biochemical (creatine kinase elevation) aspects of myogenesis. We conclude that expression of myf-5 is essential for the initial induction of myogenin by the IGFs, but that subsequent elevation of myogenin expression is independent of myf-5, possibly resulting from autoinduction of the myogenin gene. The functional significance of the dramatic decrease in myf-5 mRNA levels during differentiation is not obvious.