取精用宏 精益求精——喜读周德庆编著《微生物学教程》第二版

周德庆教授精心编著的《微生物学教程》第二版,以微生物学的五大规律为纲,深入浅出,精炼而又精彩。从内容到形式,都体现了作者精益求精的治学态度。     

《微生物学实验》

《微生物学实验》由多所院校长期从事微生物教学和科研工作的青年骨干教师编写,并由权威专家主审。编写者既有农林院校(南京农业大学、东北农业大学、东北林业大学)又有综合性院校(哈尔滨师范大学)的专家、教授,因此本书内容全面,即包括了普通微生物学实验所需要的总论部分实验技术,同时又具有动物微生物学实验技术所需要的各论实验部分;书中还介绍了一些国际上的最新实验技术,明显体现了本书的优势所在。该书特点：简明扼要、实用性强,并注意突出对学生独立工作能力的训练和培养。因此,本教材既适用于高等院校生命科学、微生物学、…     

使用外国教材进行《微生物学》英语教学的体会

采用Prescott等编撰的第5版(2002出版)为教材进行了两届生物类专业本科生的微生物学全英语教学,深切地体会到该书是一本内容丰富、结构灵活、重视对学生能力培养的优秀教材.教材内容将知识系统性和基础性有机结合,紧跟学科发展前沿,充分体现出先进性.对于教师建立科学的课堂讲授体系、丰富教学内容、保证教学效果发挥重要作用.采用英语原版教材全英文授课,有助于培养学生国际化视野和全球化发展的适应能力.     

微生物学教程绪论设计探讨

以知识、能力、情感作为3个基本点,采用多样化的手段对微生物绪论的教学方式进行了探讨。结果表明,通过"提问抛出概念"、"案例介绍历史"、"数字引出特点"、"图示展现作用"等方式进行教学设计,可使微生物学绪论的讲授内容更生动,板块更连贯,记忆更容易,对激发学生学习热情,促进创新精神,提升综合素质,具有良好效果。     

华中农业大学《微生物学》系列教材的特点及发展

优秀教材是高水平课程教学的前提与基础.在此之前针对我国农业微生物学系列教材建设,国内外尚未有学者进行系统的总结和研究.本文对华中农业大学出版的《微生物学》系列教材的建设和发展状况进行了调查研究和分析比较,发掘和提炼老一辈微生物学家的教材建设思想,汲取其教学思想和教学改革的精华,以期为高等院校的农业微生物学教育和科研提供...     

《环境工程微生物学》课程建设的探索与实践

通过在教材建设、课堂教学、实验教学以及多媒体手段应用等诸方面进行的探索与实践,尝试对课程的多个方面进行改革,提高《环境工程微生物学》课程的教学质量。     

欢迎订阅《微生物学通报》

正《微生物学通报》创刊于1974年,月刊,是中国科学院微生物研究所和中国微生物学会主办,国内外公开发行,以微生物学应用基础研究及技术创新与应用为主的综合性学术期刊。刊登内容包括:基础微生物学研究,农业微生物学研究,工业微生物学研究,医学微生物学研究,食品微生物学研究,环境微生物学研究,微生物功能基因组研究,微生物蛋白组学研究,微生物模式菌株研究,微生物工程与药物研究,微生物技术成果产业化及微生物教学研究改革等。     

浅谈《微生物学》的课堂讲授

结合我们编著的《微生物学》教材, 阐述了讲好《微生物学》课程的动力、境界和手段, 指出对学科的热爱和兴趣是讲好微生物学的动力, 充分认识微生物的“共性”和“特性”, 是讲好微生物学的一种境界, 兴趣是最好的老师, 也是激发学生求知欲的重要手段。另外, 为了培养创新型人才, 作为教师不仅要“授人以鱼”, 而且更要“授人以渔”, 引导学生“知其所以然”。     

欢迎订阅《微生物学通报》

正《微生物学通报》创刊于1974年,是中国科学院微生物研究所和中国微生物学会主办,国内外公开发行,以微生物学应用基础研究及技术创新与应用为主的综合性学术期刊。刊登内容包括:基础微生物学研究,农业微生物学研究,工业微生物学研究,医学微生物学研究,食品微生物学研究,环境微生物学研究,微生物功能基因组研究,微生物蛋白组学研究,微生物模式菌株研究,微生物工程与药物研究,微生物技术成果产业化及微生物教学研究改革等。     

欢迎订阅《微生物学通报》

<正>《微生物学通报》创刊于1974年,是中国科学院微生物研究所和中国微生物学会主办,国内外公开发行,以微生物学应用基础研究及技术创新与应用为主的综合性学术期刊。刊登内容包括:基础微生物学研究,农业微生物学研究,工业微生物学研究,医学微生物学研究,食品微生物学研究,环境微生物学研究,微生物功能基因组研究,微生物蛋白组学研究,微生物模式菌株研究,微生物工程与药物研究,微生物技术成果产业化及微生物教学研究改革等。     

Efficacy of an essentifal oil of Cinnamomum zeylanicum against Psoroptes cuniculi

The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo acaricidal effects of an essential oil of Cinnamomum zeylanicun leaves on Psoroptes cuniculi, a mange mite. In vitro, 2.5 ml of the essential oil diluted at different concentrations, from 10% to 0.03%, in paraffin oil were added to Petri dishes containing all motile stages of P. cuniculi. Mites mortality observed in these dishes was compared with that observed in untreated and treated (AcaCerulen R) control plates. In vivo, one group of six P. cuniculi infected rabbits was topically treated two times at seven days interval with two ml of the essential oil at the concentration of 2.5% in paraffin oil and compared with untreated and treated (AcaCerulen R) control groups of six rabbits each. After 24 h of contact, all concentrations of essential oil between 0.10 and 10% showed a good in vitro acaricidal efficacy if compared with the untreated controls (p<0.01), but only the concentrations between 0.16 and 10% turned out as active as the drug. In vivo, the treatment with the essential oil cured all infested rabbits and no statistical differences were observed with the treated control group.     

New species of Phaeoramularia, Pseudocercospora and Stenella from Western Ghats of India

Four new species of the hyphomycete genera Phaeoramularia viz. Ph. caesalpinae, Pseudocercospora viz., Ps. tiliacearum, Stenella, viz. S. argyreiae and S. grewiae occurring on Caesalpinia bonducella Fleming (Caesalpiniaceae), Grewia sp. (Tiliaceae), Argyrea sp. Lour (Convolvulaceae) and Grewia sp. L. (Tiliaceae), respectively are described and illustrated here. All these fungi were collected from Western Ghats of India.     

A polysaccharide from Lichina pygmaea and L. confinis supports the recognition of Lichinomycetes

The lichen-forming order Lichinales, generally characterized by prototunicate asci and the development of thalli with cyanobacteria, has recently been recognized as a separate class of ascomycetes, Lichinomycetes, as a result of molecular phylogenetic studies. As alkali and water-soluble (F1SS) polysaccharides reflect phylogeny in other ascomycetes, a polysaccharide from Lichina pygmaea and L. confinis was purified and characterized to investigate whether these F1SS compounds in the Lichinomycetes were distinctive. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and chemical analyses revealed this as a galactomannan comprising a repeating unit consisting of an α-(1→6)-mannan backbone, mainly substituted by single α-galactofuranose residues at the O-2- or the O-2,4- positions linked to a small mannan core. With the exception of the trisubstituted mannopyranose residues previously described in polysaccharides from other lichens belonging to orders now placed in Lecanoromycetes, the structure of this galactomannan most closely resembles those found in several members of the Onygenales in Eurotiomycetes. Our polysaccharide data support molecular studies showing that Lichina species are remote from Lecanoromycetes as the galactofuranose residues are in the α-configuration. That the Lichinomycetes were part of an ancestral lichenized group can not be established from the present data because the extracted polysaccharide does not have the galactofuranose residue in the β configuration; however, the data does suggest that an ancestor of the Lichinomycetes contained a mannan and was part of an early radiation in the ascomycetes.     

甘菊ClHSP70与ClHSP90基因的克隆及表达分析

该研究以甘菊(Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium)为实验材料,通过RT-PCR方法从甘菊转录组数据中分离出热激蛋白合成相关基因,命名为ClHSP70和ClHSP90。序列分析表明,ClHSP70基因ORF全长为2 559bp,编码852个氨基酸,蛋白功能区预测表明含有典型的HSP70蛋白NBD和SBD保守结构域;ClHSP90基因ORF全长为2 094bp,编码697个氨基酸,含有HATPase结构域和HSP90保守结构域。生物信息学分析表明,甘菊ClHSP70与大豆(Glycine max)和烟草(Nicotiana tomentosiformis)HSP70蛋白有较高的一致性,ClHSP90基因编码的氨基酸序列与紫茎泽兰(Ageratina adenophora)HSP90高度相似;实时荧光定量表达分析表明,在42℃处理不同时间,甘菊叶片中ClHSP70和ClHSP90基因表达均在0.5h时显著增加,1h达到最大值,2h后缓慢下降;不同组织表达分析表明,甘菊在42℃处理1h后,ClHSP70在成熟叶中的表达量显著高于嫩叶和根等其他组织;ClHSP90在成熟茎中的表达量最高。研究说明,ClHSP70和ClHSP90基因具有热激蛋白特征,参与了甘菊热胁迫应答过程,该研究结果为以后深入研究其基因功能奠定了基础。     

Chemical composition and larvicidal effects of essential oil of Dendropanax morbifera against Aedes aegypti L.

Essential oils obtained from the flowers of Dendropanax morbifera were extracted and the chemical composition and larvicidal effects were studied. The analyses were conducted by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) revealed that the essential oil of D. morbifera contained 27 compounds. The major chemical components identified were γ-elemene (18.59%), tetramethyltricyclohydrocarbon (10.82%), β-selinene (10.41%), α-zingibirene (10.52%), 2-isopropyl-5-methylbicylodecen (4.2%), β-cubebene (4.19), and 2,6-bis(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-4-phenol (4.01%). The essential oil had a significant toxic effect against early fourth-stage larvae of Aedes aegypti L. with an LC₅₀ value of 62.32 ppm and an LC₉₀ value of 131.21 ppm. The results could be useful in search for newer, safer, and more effective natural larvicidal agents against A. aegypti.     

马齿苋内生菌橘青霉和波兰青霉中抗青枯菌的活性物质

为了挖掘农作物病害生物防治新资源,以药用植物马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea)为材料,通过培养基种植法分离和纯化其根、茎、叶中的内生菌,以青枯菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)的抑菌试验评价其活性,采用菌落形态观察和ITS序列分析鉴定菌种。结果表明,从马齿苋筛选出2种具有抑制青枯菌的内生菌橘青霉(Penicillium citrinum)和波兰青霉(P. polonicum),采用液相与四极杆飞行时间串联质谱(UPLC-QTOF-MS)鉴定2种内生菌的主要活性物质为橘霉素,其对青枯菌的抑制效果比链霉素更好。因此,这为植物青枯病的生物防治提供科学依据。     

Assessment of the essential oil composition of Tornabenea annua, Tornabenea insularis and Tornabenea tenuissima fruits from Cape Verde Islands

The essential oils of Tornabenea annua, Tornabenea insularis and Tornabenea tenuissima herbarium or in vivo fruits, collected in Fogo, Santiago, Santo Antão, São Nicolau and São Vicente Islands, from Cape Verde archipelago, or from plants grown in Lisbon, Portugal, were isolated by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC and GC–MS. The yellowish oils were obtained in variable average yields, lower in herbarium samples [0.05% (v/w)] and higher from in vivo samples [1.3% (v/w)]. Whereas T. annua fruits' oils were all dominated by myristicin (92–100%), most of the T. insularis fruit samples' oils were elemicin rich (82–90%). No clear information could be obtained for T. tenuissima fruits' oils as each of the samples gave different chemical composition. Cluster analysis of the essential oil composition from the fruits' samples studied, confirmed these chemical differences.     

香鳞毛蕨DfGNOM基因的克隆及其表达分析

GNOM是一种ADP核糖基化因子(ARF)的鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子(GEF),为探索GNOM在香鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris fragrans)中的抗逆功能,该研究克隆了DfGNOM并进行生物信息学分析,采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)方法分析了DfGNOM基因在不同植物激素及逆境胁迫处理下的表达模式,为进一步探索该基因的功能以及香鳞毛蕨的抗逆机制奠定基础。结果表明:(1)成功获得DfGNOM全长4 338 bp,蛋白质多序列比对以及进化树分析表明,DfGNOM与江南卷柏(Selaginella moellendorffii) SmGNOM亲缘较近,motif分析表明该蛋白含有sec7保守结构域。(2) qRT-PCR分析显示,DfGNOM在香鳞毛蕨的根、叶柄和叶中均有表达,但在叶中表达量最高;DfGNOM的相对表达量在生长素(IAA)处理后总体上调,在脱落酸(ABA)处理后总体下调;在NaCl处理下呈"降-升-降"的变化趋势,高温和低温处理下呈"升-降-升"变化趋势;在茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)、乙烯利(ETH)以及PEG处理下,DfGNOM的相对表达也表现出不同的模式。研究认为,DfGNOM在香鳞毛蕨非生物胁迫响应过程中发挥调控作用。     

A molecular phylogeny of Hebeloma species from Europe

In order to widen the scope of existing phylogenies of the ectomycorrhizal agaric genus Hebeloma a total of 53 new rDNA ITS sequences from that genus was generated, augmented by sequences retrieved from GenBank, and analysed using Bayesian, strict consensus and neighbour joining methods. The lignicolous Hebelomina neerlandica, Gymnopilus penetrans, and two species of Galerina served as outgroup taxa. Anamika indica, as well as representatives of the genera Hymenogaster and Naucoria, were included to test the monophyly of Hebeloma, which is confirmed by the results. Hebeloma, Naucoria, Hymenogaster and Anamika indica cluster in a strongly supported monophyletic hebelomatoid clade. All trees largely reflect the current infrageneric classification within Hebeloma, and divide the genus into mostly well-supported monophyletic groups surrounding H. crustuliniforme, H. velutipes, H. sacchariolens, H. sinapizans, and H. radicosum, with H. sarcophyllum being shown at an independent position; however this is not well supported. The section Indusiata divides with strong support into three groups, the position of the pleurocystidiate Hebeloma cistophilum suggests the possible existence of a third subsection within sect. Indusiata. Subsection Sacchariolentia is raised to the rank of section.     

三孢布拉霉crgA启动子的克隆和活性分析

【背景】CrgA是三孢布拉霉(Blakesleatrispora,Bt)中调控类胡萝卜素合成的关键负调控因子,其表达水平会影响类胡萝卜素的合成。【目的】克隆三孢布拉霉crgA启动子并分析其活性,为进一步解析CrgA表达调控机制奠定基础。【方法】通过综合微生物基因组(integrated microbial genomes, IMG)数据库提供的基因组序列,克隆crgA翻译起始位点上游2 000 bp序列,分析其顺式调控元件和转录起始区域预测,通过RT-qPCR分析不同光照时间对三孢布拉霉crgA相对转录水平的影响;构建4个不同长度的crgA启动子截短序列驱动的GUS-mGFP5重组表达载体p1303-procrgAF、F1、F2和F3,利用农杆菌侵染整合到三孢布拉霉基因组中,在黑暗和光照条件下测定β-D-葡萄糖苷酸酶(β-D-glucuronidase,GUS)酶活性并观察荧光信号。【结果】crgA启动子不仅包含基础的TATA-box和CAAT-box元件,还包括多个与光响应相关的元件。观察荧光结果显示CaMV35S和构建的4个突变启动子均能在三孢布拉霉体内驱动下游基因表达,检测GUS...